web 202 .0, creative commons 1.2 ipr and web2.0 factsheet 1.3 ipr and legal issues factsheet 1.4...

24
WEB 2 0 CREATIVE COMMONS WEB 2.0, CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCES AND ORPHAN WORKS Professor Charles Oppenheim Professor Charles Oppenheim [email protected] RSP Webinar 9 March 2012

Upload: others

Post on 15-Oct-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

WEB 2 0 CREATIVE COMMONSWEB 2.0, CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCES AND ORPHAN WORKS

Professor Charles OppenheimProfessor Charles Oppenheim

[email protected]

RSP Webinar 9 March 2012

Page 2: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

MY ASSUMPTIONSMY ASSUMPTIONS

• That you are familiar with the basics of copyrightpy g

• But you are interested in its impact on some recent developments in technologyrecent developments in technology

• And in the impact of those recent developments on copyright law

Page 3: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

WHAT IS WEB 2 0?WHAT IS WEB 2.0?

h d h b l h f l• The term is associated with web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user‐centered design and collaboration on the Web.  Examples of applications include social networking sites, web based communities, video sharing sites, wikis, blogs, mashups and folksonomies. 

• A Web 2 0 site allows its users to interact with other usersA Web 2.0 site allows its users to interact with other users.

• Does not involve an update to Web technical specifications, but rather in the way Web technology is used. 

• Tim Berners‐Lee calls the term “a piece of jargon”!

• (Thanks to Wikipedia)

Page 4: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

A FUNDAMENTAL POINTA FUNDAMENTAL POINT

• Web 2.0 has certain unusual features which make for copyright problems

Fi tl it i l lti l ll b ti l• Firstly, it involves multiple collaborative players

• It is often international

Fi ll f f h l i l d k b b• Finally, few of the people involved know about, or care about the law

• And some have contempt for it!• And some have contempt for it!

• In other words…..

Page 5: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing
Page 6: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

JOINTLY OWNED?JOINTLY OWNED?

h k l d h h h• Copyright in a work is jointly owned when more than one person has collaborated in the work’s creation and it is impossible or difficult to distinguish who contributed what

• E mail thread MIGHT be jointly owned

• Many Web 2.0 outputs are definitely jointly owned

bl i h j i l d j i h• Problem is, when jointly owned, every joint owner has to agree, e.g., on licensing the outputs – any one of them has a veto; and no reply to a request = a veto

• Lifetime of copyright in such works  is typically 70 years after the LAST of the joint owners to die

• Best if you had some terms and conditions up front so that any• Best if you had some terms and conditions up front so that any contributor assigns ownership to the lead player – but they might not agree to that!

Page 7: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

WEB 2.0• Difficulty of policing such sitesy p g• Contempt for copyright amongst many Web 2.0 users

• Vicarious liability ‐ things done by employees/students may have legal repercussions p y / y g pfor the employer/institution, who may not have been aware of what was going on (applies to everything, not just Web 2.0)

Page 8: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

MORAL RIGHTSMORAL RIGHTS

• Paternity right – must be asserted

• False attribution

• Derogatory treatment

• Moral Rights cannot be assigned but can be waived• Moral Rights cannot be assigned, but can be waived

• Very important in Web 2.0 environment – make sure o identif a thors and do not q ote them o t ofyou identify authors, and do not quote them out of context!

Page 9: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

PERFORMERS’ RIGHTSPERFORMERS  RIGHTS

• Includes musical, dances, acting, this talk…

• Must ask permission before making orMust ask permission before making or reproducing copies of the performance

M W b 2 0 li i ill i l d• Many Web 2.0 applications will include recordings of performances, e.g., podcasts

Page 10: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

Web2RightsWeb2Rights

R it t d l l l d id t t• Remit:  to develop legal resources and guidance to support people in their engagement with Web2.0; go to:www.web2rights.org.ukg g

• Aim:  To make the information relevant by making it practical, pragmatic and timely

• The team:me Naomi Korn Dr Charlotte Waelde Dr Neil Witt• The team: me, Naomi Korn, Dr Charlotte Waelde, Dr Neil Witt, Rob Stillwell, Emanuella Giavarra, Derek Stephens

• This was a JISC‐funded project, now completed; its web site is strongly recommended as a resource for anyone engaging with copyright issues

Page 11: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

The ToolkitThe ToolkitBACKGROUND PAPERS1.1 Briefing Paper on Creative Commons Licences1.1 Briefing Paper on Creative Commons Licences 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet1.4 FAQs

POLICY RELATED PAPERS2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing Blue Print for Funding Bodies and Recipients of Funding

PRACTICAL TOOLS3.1 Getting Permissions Paper 3.2 IPR Risk Assessment3.3 Rights Management 3.3 Rights Management3.4 Terminology Toolkit Paper 3.5 Top Tips for Issuing Licences 3.6 Top Tips for Requesting Licences 3.7 IPR Model Consent Form 3.8 IPR Model Licence 3.9 Template Email Permission Form 3.10 Template Permissions Letter

Page 12: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

How can the toolkit help you?How can the toolkit help you?

• Help to deal with IPR and Licensing Issues

• Customisation and adaptation of the tools – it is available d CC li (I di CC i f i t )under a CC licence (I discuss CC in a few minutes)

• Digestible, chunk sized tools and information = choose what you need when you need ityou need when you need it

• Tools for LIS staff as well as policy makers

• Guidance about permissions and how to seek them• Guidance about permissions and how to seek them

• Offers informed risk management

Page 13: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT

B ti t d ti• Be proportionate and pragmatic• Reasonable searches

• Strategies should reflect/ be reflected by employer policies • Educate your users!• Employ good mitigating strategies if copyright has been 

infringed:infringed:• How quickly can the situation be remedied?

• Don’t do nothing!• Get claim substantiated • Apologise • Rapid take down procedure• Crediting/payment of royalties

• Insurance?

Page 14: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

INTRODUCTION TO CC WITH A REMINDER – HOW CAN YOU COPY?

• Make use of one of the exceptions to copyright

• Make use of material where the owner has EXPLICITLY waived copyright or has given a Creative Commons or similar free licence – discussed later

• Buy a licence from the copyright owner, or someone who acts on its behalf

Page 15: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

LICENCESLICENCES

C i h hi /h /i h i d i• Copyright owner, or his/her/its authorised representative (licensor) grants licensee rights to do certain restricted acts

• In return fees are (often) paidIn return, fees are (often) paid• Terms and conditions imposed – you must follow them, or you 

are in breach of the licence and may be infringing• Indemnity is often provided to you in the paid‐for licences• An example is the CLA HE Photocopying and Scanning Licence,

b h hbut there are many others.• One of the most important is Creative Commons.

Page 16: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

CREATIVE COMMONSCREATIVE COMMONS• http://creativecommons org/ N B NO “www” at the start of the URL• http://creativecommons.org/ N.B. NO www  at the start of the URL• You may copy at no charge as long as you attribute creator;  may be other 

limitations – see later• CC stuff is available for sound effects, music, images, moving images, text……CC stuff is available for sound effects, music, images, moving images, text……• To find the licensed materials, there are (too) MANY sources, including Google, 

Google Images, Mediahub (www.jiscmediahub.ac.uk) ‐ for HEIs and FEIs only ‐Flickr, YouTube, etc.  Much of Google Scholar material is available for re‐use under a CC licencea CC licence

• Also note the many Wikimedia services (including of course Wikipedia) available under CC licences.  Go to www.wikimedia.org for an overview of the services, or straight to http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page for its media files that are available under CC.

• Note that not everything in these services is invariably CC licensed – you have to search specifically for such things.  Use “advanced search” (or similar) and click on “licensed for reuse” (or similar) and then enter search strategylicensed for reuse  (or similar) and then enter search strategy

• N.B. Some people may be offering something under CC but are not be entitled to –use common sense!

Page 17: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

MAIN CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE TYPES

• Baseline rights the right to distribute the copyrighted work worldwide• Baseline rights ‐ the right to distribute the copyrighted work worldwide, without changes, at no charge. 

• Attribution (BY):  Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only if they give thethe work and make derivative works based on it only if they give the author or licensor the credits in the manner specified by these. This one ALWAYS applies, and may be accompanied by one or more of…..

• Noncommercial (NC): Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and ( ) y py, , p y,perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non‐commercial use

• No Derivative Works (ND): Licensees may copy, distribute, display and f l b i i f h kperform only verbatim copies of the work

• Sharealike (SA):  Derivative works must be under a licence identical to that of the original workTh f h CC li b h l i bi i• There are a few other CC licence types, but these, alone or in combination,  are the ones you are most likely to encounter

Page 18: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

SUMMING UP ON CC

• Extremely useful to use CC licensed materials in presentations or for other purposes – as I have done!

• Do consider making your own outputs available under a CC licence; the CC web site tells you how to do it

• Almost certainly your, and others’  repository content os ce a y you , a d o e s epos o y co eare available under a CC licence

Page 19: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

ORPHANWORKSORPHAN WORKS

• Anything that is in copyright but you cannot identify or trace the owner, so cannot get permission to copy/perform

It’ BIG d i i bl• It’s a BIG and increasing problem

• Likely solution is licences with funds being put in a pot for rights holders to claimrights holders to claim

• EU has issued a draft Directive along these lines but it only covers text and may not get passed; maybe Hargreaves willcovers text and may not get passed;  maybe Hargreaves will deliver earlier? (covered in detail in a later Webinar, but we will look at its proposals for orphan works in a minute)

Page 20: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing
Page 21: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

DRAFT DIRECTIVE ON ORPHANWORKSDRAFT DIRECTIVE ON ORPHAN WORKS

h f l l d b f d l• The Draft Directive covers only a limited number of media, primarily literary works and films.

• Definition of orphan works very restrictive. p y

• Therefore, in its present form it is doubtful that the Draft Directive is of any value to large‐scale digitisation projects. 

h j i f k ld l b bl b di i i d d d• The majority of works would only be able to be digitised and made available to the public if the rights to do so are acquired for each work from each individual rightsholder in the work on an individual basis, or if the digitisation projects take the risk of infringement actions from owners of rights of orphan works.

• Draft Directive currently under scrutiny and may well end up very differentDraft Directive currently under scrutiny and may well end up very different – or might vanish!

Page 22: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

HARGREAVES’ PROPOSALSHARGREAVES  PROPOSALS

N i f h k f i l• New exception for orphan works for non‐commercial use, with licensing bodies to administer (perhaps Copyright Tribunal)Copyright Tribunal)

• Reduce lifetime of copyright for unpublished or anonymous/pseudonymous works to life of author plusanonymous/pseudonymous works to life of author plus 70 years, or 70 years from date of creation

• Use a diligent search – but not clear what the criteriaUse a diligent search  but not clear  what the criteria for such a search will be

• Not clear what happens if someone comes out the ppwoodwork after a while – can they stop further copying? Can they insist copies made are deleted?

Page 23: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

MOREMORE…..

• Possible Extended Collective Licensing schemes, so that collecting societies covering g ga majority of rightsholders in their media can offer licences for copying materials notoffer licences for copying materials not currently in their repertoire

h l ll l h k f• This could potentially include orphan works of course

Page 24: WEB 202 .0, CREATIVE COMMONS 1.2 IPR and Web2.0 Factsheet 1.3 IPR and Legal Issues Factsheet 1.4 FAQs POLICY RELATED PAPERS 2.1 Draft Institutional IPR Policy Statements 2.2 IPR Licensing

FINALLYFINALLY

• IPO to develop plans for a “copyright opinions service” in early 2012, for (anyone/only educational institutions?) worried that they might be infringingg g

• White Paper with proposed legislation in “Spring 2012” – yeah right – it will be much later than2012  – yeah, right – it will be much later than that, and Orphan Works may or may not covered in the end because photographers don’t likein the end, because photographers don t like orphan works bit of Hargreaves