web accessibility

Web Usability an Accessibility

By:Sana Ullah(4849)

Salman Saeed khan(4884)

Web Usability and Accessibility 2

Content• Web Accessibility• Disabilities• Vision impairment• Hearing impairment• Mobility impairment• Cognitive Impairment• Learning impairment• Assistive Technologies • Web Accessibility Standards


Web Accessibility“Accessible” means that people are able to use your website even under limiting conditions.

To be accessible, your website must be:• Perceivable (see, hear, touch)

• Operable (device independent)Making your website accessible is like providing a wheelchair ramp for your building.


Disabilities• Vision• Hearing• Mobility• Cognitive• learning


Vision impairment• Blind low vision, color blindness• Challenges:– Inability to view images or videos– Inability to understand and navigate organization of Web

page

• What can you do to help?– Provide alt tags for all images– Provide headers and descriptions for tables– Provide audio explanations for complicated diagrams and

images


Hearing impairment• Deaf or hard of hearing• Challenges:– Listening to audio/video clips– Difficulty participating in real-time audio chats

• What can you do to help?– Provide transcripts for audio– Provide captioning for video– Provide closed captioning or try access for live chats


Mobility impairment• Difficulty using fingers, hands, or arms• Challenges:– Unable to use mouse– Unable to select small buttons or icons– Unable to participate in real-time text chat

• What can you do to help?– Make buttons and links reasonably large– Provide keyboard alternatives for anything that requires a

mouse– Provide audio alternatives for text requirements


Cognitive Impairment• Developmental disabilities• Cognitive disabilities– Affecting memory– Attention– Developmental maturity– Problem-solving– Logic skills etc.


Learning impairment• Effects the learning process involving one or more

abilities– speaking– Listening– Reading, writing and spelling– Reasoning and organizing

• Challenges:– Getting lost in navigation– Inability to understand cluttered content or worded clearly

How can Disabled people Navigate the Web?


Assistive Technologies

It is a generic term that includes assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and includes the process used in selecting, locating, and using them.


Examples of AT• Screen Readers and magnifiers• Refreshable Braille display.• Captioning SW• Voice Recognition SW• Touch Screens• Switches and pointer sticks


Web Accessibility Standards

• W3C WCAG – Worldwide Web Consortium Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

• Federal Section 508 – Web-based Intranet and Internet Information and Applications (1194.22)

• Commonwealth of Massachusetts Web Accessibility Standards, version 2.0


Web Accessibility Standards 2.0• HTML markup – A state agency web page must use HTML

markup tags according to industry standards. [1.1]• Forms – Forms designed to be completed online and other

interactive elements must be accessible by people using assistive technology. [1.5]

• Text Equivalents – A state agency web page must provide a text equivalent for every non-text element. [3.1]

• Multimedia – A state agency web page must provide synchronized auditory and readable text descriptions of the important information on the visual track of a multimedia presentation. [3.2]

• Audio – A state agency web page must provide a text equivalent for information provided in audio format. [3.3]


Web Accessibility Standards 2.0(continued)

• Color – A state agency must ensure that the use and selection of color do not affect the information conveyed on a page. [3.5]

• Document File Formats – All information published on a state agency web page must be published in HTML, whenever possible, to eliminate the need for additional software. [4.1]

• File Size Optimization – A state agency must optimize files to improve download time. [5.1]

• Web Accessibility Statement – A state agency web site must provide a link to a web accessibility statement. [6.1]

• Website Validation – A state agency must validate web content against these Standards prior to posting and at regular intervals after posting. [7.1]


Testing Tools

• Testing tools include:– SW used by disabled (e.g. JAWS)– Emulators (e.g. Fangs)– Compliance checkers

• Remember that tools are not people


Design Tips• Layout and Structure

– Use headings in content consistently– Use the captions, summaries, and row and column headers for

tables– Use appropriate metadata

• Navigation– Use clear, descriptive text for hyperlinks– Set hyperlinks to open in new window– Use meaningful text for page titles

• Color– Avoid using color as only indicator– Avoid using red

• Text– Use clear, simple language


Design Tips• Forms and tables• Images– Add meaningful alt text to all images– For complex images, add a description link– Avoid flickering images and unnecessary animated images– Avoid using images of text

• Multimedia– For audio clips, use a description link– For video clips, use captioning or use a description link– For video clips, provide a link to an audio file– Provide a link to download appropriate audio/video player


Benefits

Making your website accessible:• Helps people with disabilities use the web.• Separates content from presentation, making the

website easier to manage and web pages quicker to download.

• Increases your site’s usability.• Increases your websites visibility in search engines.• Provides good publicity and addresses questions of

possible liability(responsibility).


THANKS


?Any Question

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