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2

2 Clementmerits and justification, 370

2 Maccabeesprayer for dead, 442

A

ability, 39, 43, 49, 105, 110, 213, 254, 306, 323, 343, 369, 403, 404, 410, 430, 549, 583

Abraham’s bosom (heaven), 722absolute decree, 311, 477, 715accident, 72, 633actio, 270additions to Scripture. See Word of God:sufficiency ofadiaphora, 416–18, 542

Christian's attitude governed bymust defend liberties when attacked in

principle, 417own conscience, 416respect for liberty of others and welfare of weak

brother, 416Christian's attitude governed by, 416offense, 418

adoption, 19, 111, 204, 213, 214, 226, 325, 358, 394, 463, 620, 731

adoration of the host, 278advent, second, 669, 649–73Aeschylus, 685agreement of Word of God. See Word of

God:contradictions--noneAgricola, 315Albert the Great

New Testament sacraments, 186aliena iustitia, 396allegory. See Word of God:interpretation ofAlting, Johann

breaking bread necessary, 275Amsdorf

good works are injurious to faith, 435Amt, 562, 563

Pfarramt, 562, 578, 579Predigtamt, 562

angels, 651Anglican/Episcopal teaching

apostolic succession of church, 520Ankerberg, John

analytic justification, 371annihilation, 630, 631, 697, 698, 704, 706, 707, 711

of body and soul, 630–32of material, 697

Annihilationism, 706

announcement, 171, 296, 297, 302Antichrist, 164, 556, 598, 600, 603, 604, 609, 610,

611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 598–620any opponent of Christ an antichrist, 598–600Lutherans teach this doctrine

others support this as well, 610one great Antichrist spoken of, 600

distinuished from other anitchrists, 600names for

Little Horn, King of the North, the Beast, the Great Prostitute, 601

Man of Sin or Lawlessness, 600Pope in Rome is the Antichrist

agent of Satan, 616archtypal representative of unbelief and

opinio legis, 606claims infallibility, 606, 607claims to be vicar (subsitute) of Christ, 606curses justification by grace alone, 606damns those not subject to him, 608doctrine highly deceptive, 616fits historical outline given in Scripture,

609–10lies are his chief strength, 609Lutherans teach this doctrine, 613–16

others support this as well, 616objections to, 611–13opposes Christ in church and state, 604performs counterfeit miracles, 616political oppressor, 618sets himself up in the church, 604troubles consciences with sin, 605usurps divine authority, 604

Pope in Rome is the Antichrist, 603–16opposed by gospel, 616–20

only effective weapon is gospel, 618some Christians remain under yoke, 617

opposeed by gospelonly effective weapon is gospel, 619

antichrists, 598, 599, 600, 608antilegomena, 107Anti-nomianism, 129anxiety, 22, 317, 327, 380Apocrypha, 107, 112Apology

Art. II (I)blessings of baptism, 208on Catholic theology of baptism, 209

Art. IIIcentrality of justification, 376forensic justification, 382good works, 422human nature admires works, 63justification and good works, 385law cannot be satisfied, 422Lord's Supper offers forgiveness, 281

on empty formalism in sacraments, 184on faith and will, 17perfectionism, 428

Art. IVcivic righteousness, 419justification, 356merits separate from justification, 369

Art. IV (II)clarity of Scripture, 104definition of law, 128defnition of gospel, 134heaven, 741in what way faith justifies, 32

Art. VIdeath, 636on works of supererogation, 429power of the keys, 523

Art. VIIchurch called body of Christ, 497means of grace marks of the Church, 513unity of church, 516

Art. VII & VIII (IV)church will remain, 542on efficacy of sacraments depending on person

administering, 178Art. VII, VIII

Church as "kingdom", 501communion of saints, 504distinction between church in strict and loose

sense, 514Art. XII

absolution requires faith, 361love follows faith, 317on errors concerning divine call, 594only contrition and faith mention with

repentance, 315only contrition and faith mentioned with

repentance, 315remorse inflicted by God through law, 318

Art. XII (V)create and sustain saving faith, 174Lord's Supper offers forgiveness, 281other definition of sacrament possible, 171sacraments promise forgiveness, 168

Art. XIIIon ordination as sacrament, 596

Art. XIII (VII)faith receives blessings of sacraments, 181marriage not a sacrament, 52ministry of the Word, 52on empty formalism in sacraments, 184other definition of sacrament possible, 170sacraments as "visible Word", 175sacraments instituted by Christ, 168

Art. XV (VIII)pope is Antichrist, 614

Art. XXIon invocation of saints, 447

Art. XXII (X)on one kind, 277

Art. XXIVministry of the Spirit, 562

on prayer for dead, 443Art. XXIV (XII)

baptism not a human work, 211blessings from Lord's Supper, 289Eucharist, 232faith receives blessings of sacraments, 182Lord's Supper called the Mass, 233on empty formalism in sacraments, 184on Malichi speaking of propitiatory offerings,

285sacraments to be used with God's Word, 168use of sacraments, 174worthy and unworthy reception, 290

Art. XXVIIItraditions, 575

apostles, 519, 589apostolic age, 271apostolic authority, 222, 543Apostolic See, 276application of law and gospel. See law and

gospel:opposites:proper distinction betweenAquinas

on faith, 17on transubstantiation, 260on worthy and unworthy reception, 292

Arand, Charleson papacy as Antichrist, 613

Arminian teaching. See Reformed teachingArminians, 307, 371, 472Arnulf of Rheims, Bishop of Orleans

pope is Antichrist, 610articulus stantis et cadentis ecclesiae, 375Asimov, Isaac

on Judgment Day, 685Assemblies of God

"baptism in the Spirit", 210assembly, 65, 191, 281, 440, 495, 496, 503, 508, 514,

515, 518, 522, 535, 540, 663, 708, 733assent, 13, 17, 18, 19, 25, 37, 54, 89, 208, 343, 361,

608assertions, 64, 123associate judges, 688assurance, 6, 26, 27, 28, 54, 55, 64, 193, 195, 202,

210, 289, 326, 372, 385, 386atonement

work of Christ, 504Augsburg Confession

Art. IIoriginal sin, 298

Art. IVjustification a verdict, 384

Art. VHoly Spirit works through Word and sacrament,

37ministry of Word equals means of grace, 561

Art. VIIChurch, 504doctrines of Scripture treated as unit, 551unity of Church be means of grace, 516

Art. VIIIhypocrites mixed in church in this life, 504

on efficacy of sacraments depending on person administering, 178

Art. Xon moment of presence, 281

Art. XIIon once saved, always saved, 472remorse inflicted by God through law, 318repentance two-fold, 315

Art. XIIIuse of the sacraments, 37

Art. XIIIuse of the sacraments, 49

Art. XIIIcreate and sustain saving faith, 174

Art. XIIIfaith receives blessings of sacraments, 181

Art. XIVadministration of sacraments for called

ministers, 192divine call, 584public ministry, 573

Art. XVIgospel does not destroy state, 415

Art. XVIIMillennialism, 660

Art. XXfaith as confidence of salvation, 26

Art. XXIon prayer to saints, 447

Art. XXIVcreate and sustain saving faith, 174faith receives blessings of sacraments, 181Lord's Supper called the Mass, 233

Art. XXVexamination prior to Lord's Supper, 297

Art. XXVIIperfectionism, 428

Art. XXVIIIabrogation of law, 161headship principle, 581key identical with means of grace, 522

Augustinecivic righteousness, 420clarity of Scripture, 105connection of OT and NT, 59infant baptism, 222on Pelagians, 632predestined from all kinds of people, 485resurrection of dead, 680

authorityapostolic, 588divine, 87, 110, 604, 605, 615

authority of Scripture, 88, 90, See also Word of God:causitive authority

B

Bacchiocchi, Samuele (Adventist)annihilation of soul and body, 631

bad works, 434Baier

clarity of Scripture, 105

definition of sacrament, 168divine certainty of canon, 110infant baptism scriptural, 217Judgment Day, 688justification, 357on definitions of sacrament, 172provincial church, 537words of institution, 273

Baker Eddy, Maryon hell, 717

Balduin, Friedrichdealing with errorists, 553on resurrection, 682

baptism, 192–231administration of in emergencies, 191as means of grace, 201–3definition of, 199different uses of the word

ceremonial washings, 192metonymy for persecution and martyrdom, 192pouring out of Holy Spirit, 192sacrament of, 193synecdoche for ministry of John the Baptist,

193distinguished from other rites in Scripture, 166earthly element water, 199errors concerning, 209–10

immediate working of Holy Spirit apart from, 210

Pentecostals and Charismatics, 210Roman Catholic errors, 209–10

essentials of, 224–25immersion vs sprinkling, 196–99infant baptism, 215–25

Christ's command for, 215objections to, 218–21other scriptural evidence for, 216–18practiced throughout church history, 223

institution of, 201John's Baptism, 228–31new life a result of, 213–15non-trinitarian, 204not to be repeated, 225–27power of, 210–13produces regeneration, 53reunion with God and man, 203, 204–5sacrament of initiation, 225spiritual element--none, 200terms for, 205–10

being clothed with Christ, 208clean conscience, 207gift of Holy Spirit, 208membership in communion of saints, 207regeneration or rebirth, 206remission or forgiveness of sins, 207repentance, 206salvation, 205

βαπτίζω, 192, 193, 197Barth, Karl

Bible becomes Word of God, 38, 121bibliolatry, 120inspiration, 75, 86

law and gospel confused, 155Scripture not infallible, 120view of Scripture, 118

beast, 162, 164, 601, 602, 603, 618, 639, 661, 662, 688, 692, 705, 709, 712, 732

Becker, SiegbertJudgment Day, 699variant readings, 86δικαίωμα, 352

becomes the Word, 121Beelzebub. See SatanBehm, Michael

efficacy of the Word, 117Belgic Confession

Lord's Supper as, 288Belial. See Satanbelievers, 3

enjoy eternal happiness, 638, 738hearts of, 489

believing, act of, 28, 31, 367Bellarmine

Church visible and tangible, 508diluting wine with water in sacrament necessary,

246hell, 718interpretation of Scripture, 93justification a process, 358New Testament sacraments, 186on faith, 18penance, 320perfectionism, 426prayer for dead, 442tradition trumps Scripture, 99

Berkhofdouble predestination, 477

Beza, Theodoreon virtue of Christ's death in Lord's Supper, 254regeneration can be lost, 325

Bible. See Word of GodBible "becomes" Word of God, 121

See also Barth, Karlbiblical inerrancy, 84, 86, 120, 121, See also Word of

God:contradictions--noneBiel, Gabriel

New Testament sacraments, 185on fides implicita, 18

Biship Kallistos (Timothy) Warehierarchical structure infallible, 608

Bishop Kallistos (Timothy Wareprayer to icons, 446

Bishop Kallistos (Timothy) Wareapostolic succession of Orthodox Church, 520authority of the Church to interpret Scripture, 94canon, 110insists on seven sacraments, 173justification process resulting in deification, 359purgatory, 645

blessedness, 22, 353, 355, 377, 380, 695, 706blindness, 299Bloesch, Donald

efficacy of the Word depends on man, 117blood of Christ. See Lord's Supper:elements:invisible

Blood, Sweat, and Tears, 685Blutsaeufer, 259body

designed to function in union with soul, 638stature and sex of raised body, 680transformed, 678

Boniface VIIIno salvation ourside Roman Catholic Church, 608

Boy Scouts, 370Braaten, Carl

authority of Scripture, 84Bible contains contradictions, 123historicity of Scripture, 75literal meaning of Scripture, 64

Brandenburg Confessionspiritual eating of Christ by faith, 266unbelieving communicants do not receive body and

blood, 266unworthy recipients do not receive body and blood,

292bread of life, 235, 239, 240breaking of bread, 231, 271, 273, 281, 294, 436, 503,

520, 547, 548, 553, 554Brief Statement

election, 483fellowship, 554

Brochmand, Jespercross of Christian, 455eternal damnation, 704

brotherhood, 412, 564, 606Brug, John

apostles, 589Brunner, Emil

Bible becomes Word of God, 122on justification, 358Scripture not infallible, 120verbal inspiration, 75view of Scripture, 118

Bucanuscommunicant must receive bread with hand, 277regeneration not lost, 325

Bultmann, Rudolfinterpretation of Scripture, 95

burial, 81, 82

C

Cajetansupport for Eucharist as unbloody sacrifice, 283

call to public ministry, 584–98appointed by Holy Spirit, 591carried out on behalf of church, 191church administer sacraments through specially

appointed persons, 190direct (immediate) call, 587–89errors concerning, 594

Enthusiasts, 594Rome, 594

just causes for dismissal of, 586mediate call, 590–94minister represents those who called him, 584ministers servants of God and congregation, 591

necessity of, 584–87need for ministers, 569no mode of calling prescribed in Scripture, 592ordination confirms legitimate, 595, See also

ordinationpossession of keys implies the right of

congregation to call, 590call to salvation, 298–311

characteristics of, 305–11efficacious, 305effient

efficacy assured by efficacy of means of grace, 306

not irresistible, 305sincere, 305universal, 308–11

God judges people's contempt for call by withdrawing it, 310

God wants all to be saved, 308definition of, 305God invites sinners to receive salvation, 298–305

moved because of grace, 304uses means of grace, 303–4

identical with preaching of gospel, 302natural man opposes gospel of free justification,

298–301Calov

contrition, 313cross of Christian, 458in what way faith justifies, 32justification, 356justifying faith, 314Lord's Supper offers forgiveness, 281mediate cause of justification, 32mystic union encourages believer, 492on allegory, 92on infused grace, 364on the object of faith, 25real presence, 249universal justification, 361

Calvinfaith our response to God's call, 34necessity of sacraments, 188on Christ's body being inconsistent with human

nature, 268on Old and New Testament sacraments, 187on real presence, 253once saved, always saved, 325predestination to damnation, 485spiritual eating of Christ by faith, 266the church includes children of believing parents,

21Calvinist teaching. See Reformed teachingcanon of Scripture, 106–12

divine certainty, 110established by God, 110

Canons of DordtGod's eternal election, 44

Capernaitic eating, 259, 260carbonaria. See fides implicitacarnal security. See security, carnalCarpzov Jr., Johann Benedict

justification and sanctification synchronous, 397Carthusian monk

good works, 415catastrophe, 656, 697Catechism of Rome

on faith of infants, 21Catechism of the Catholic Church

administerers of sacraments, 44apostolic succession, 520authority of the Church to interpret Scripture, 94baptism imprints indelible character, 227canon, 111Church, 509concomitance, 276confusion of justification and sanctification, 399confusion of law and gospel, 154dulling justification dulls spiritual understanding,

377efficacy of sacraments depends on person

administering, 177error of opus operatum, 183justification, 43, 383mass an unbloody sacrifice, 282moment of presence, 280on close communion, 297on faith, 18, 19on fides formata, 20on infant baptism and faith, 21on the word "sacrament", 167one kind, 276penance necessary in repentance, 321pope is vicar of Christ, 607process justification, 357purgatory, 645repentance consists of three parts, 320Roman pontiff is infallible, 607seven sacraments, 53sole church under Roman pontiff, 515synergistic, 155tradition trumps Scripture, 99transubstantiation, 262type of bread in Eucharist, 245

Catherine of Genoapurgatory and justification, 648

Catholic Encyclopediachurch is head of state, 531limbo, 649on faith, 19

causitive authority of Scripture. See Word of God:causative authority

ceremonial law. See law:ceremonialceremonies, 56, 57, 128, 162, 165, 225, 233, 417, 516,

517, 551, 555, 556, 614charity work, 17, 19, 20, 154, 297, 494, 509, 538Chemnitz

baptism for infants, 224Catholic teaching of confident faith, 44cause for removal from ministry, 586defnition of a sacrament, 169divine certainty of canon, 110effects of renewal, 390efficacy of the Word, 118

glorified state of Christ's body and blood, 254man does not cooperate in conversion, 340on Catholic view of faith, 27on definitions of sacrament, 172on empty formalism in sacraments, 185on faith, 25on infused grace, 363on limbo, 649on ordination as sacrament, 597on process justification, 358on purgatory, 646ordination, 595

for individual churches, 595other definition of sacrament possible, 171principle element in repentance, 314public ministry, 578remorse inflicted by God through law, 318sacramental union, 258sacraments as "visible Word", 175sources of doctrine for Lord's Supper, 237subjective justification, 363Word of God is instrumental cause, 115working of the Word, 116

Chiliasm. See MillennialismChilton, David

Post-millennialism, 660Christ

advents of, 658authority to judge given to, 686death of, 632human nature of, 726in the name of, 203, 473is Savior, 687Judge. See Judgment Daylast will and testament, 242, 250law of, 456, 534mediator between us and Father, 727mediator of gospel, 138merits of, 1, 22, 116, 316, 318, 329, 330, 338, 356,

361, 367, 371, 682return of, 614, 649, 658, 660, 671substitute for us, 361, 421work of, 152, 154, 177, 201, 203, 229, 324, 382,

481, 503, 533Christenson, Larry

"baptism with the Spirit", 210Christian. See also simul justus et peccator

all equal before God, 564attention constantly directed to coming Lord, 641,

657can fall from faith, 464–69cross of. See cross of Christiandual nature of, 404life of, 623may dread death, 638never perfect in this life, 508sanctification necessary in life of, 430strangers in this world, 461strives to grow in faith, 508

Chrysostomhell, 719on κοινωνία, 249

purgatory, 645Church, 494–558, 562

apostolic, 519communion of saints, 502–9external organization, 506, 532–39

does not necessarily decide membership in the church, 507

gathering of Christians, 537carries out work of church, 533congregations, 532, 534, 537, See also

congregationgather in the name of Jesus, 533may delegate authority, 539–42synods, 537–39, See also synod

heterodox, 543–46, See also fellowshipno divine heirarchy established by God, 540not necessarily the true church, 506orthodox, 543representative church, 540

external organizationsnot necessarily the true church, 510

figurative names forbody of Christ, 496, 520bride of Christ, 499City of God, 498city with foundations, 498God's field/building, 498God's household, 498God's temple, 498Jerusalem that is above, 499Mother, 499Mount Zion, 498sanctuary house, 498sheep pen/flock, 499spiritual house, 498

found wherever gospel is preached, 546has boundaries, 501head of, 523holy, 516invincible, 542–43, 545invisible, 509–12

members known only to God, 510joined together by means of grace, 495keys of heaven belong to, 520–32, See also keys of

heavenmarks of, 512–14

confession, 512means of grace, 512Roman marks, 515

membership in, 504, 505, 507by faith, 509

one body, 494–502, 515brought together by Holy Spirit, 532

separation of church and state, 529–32two stages of

church militant, 517church triumphant, 518

universal, 517no salvation outside the church, 519

βασιλεία, 499, 500, 501, 723ἐκκλησία

applied to assembly of Israel, 495

ἐκκλησλία, 495, 496, 503, 536church discipline, 529, See also keys of heavencircumcision

as OT sacrament, 61, 194parallel to baptism, 216

circumlocutions, 626civic righteousness. See law:uses ofcivil law, 22, 132, 530Clendenin, Daniel

canon, 112man is cause of preservation of faith, 473

close communion. See Lord's Suppercoetus visibilis vocatorum, 514comfort, 623Commission on Theology and Church Relations –

Lutheran Church Missouri Synodfellowship, 554

committees, 539, 541common grace, 44, 45, 307Communion. See Lord's Suppercommunion of saints. See churchcommunionem sanctorum, 504concomitance, 253, 276condemnation, 35, 141, 146, 218, 256, 257, 267, 291,

352, 353, 360, 380, 393, 405, 422, 443, 452, 508, 599, 615, 690

Conditionalism, 706conferences, 541confession

act of, 245, 448if faith, 204, 224, 417, 543, 550, 553public, 289, 295, 544

confirmation, 22, 100, 215, 227, 243, 250, 296, 458, 595

congregatio sanctorum, 514congregation, 537–39

equals church, 537no specific form of organization prescribed, 537not legal corporation, 537purpose, 537

conscienceevil, 500good, 9, 54, 196, 206, 207, 209, 214, 225, 226,

325, 326, 379, 557terrors of, 369

consecration, 222, 244, 245, 262, 270, 271, 272, 273, 278, 279, 280, 281, 427, 608

Consensus Tigurinusefficacy of sacrament depends on recipient, 176

consilia evangelica, 426contemptus religionis, 188contio catechumenorum, 233contradictions (apparent) in Scripture. See Word of

God:contradictions--nonecontrition, 196, 213, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 318,

319, 320conversion, 311–48, 421

act of a momentmay be a period of preparation, 338unable to specify precise moment, 338

change from state of sin to state of faith, 312conversion act of a moment, 338–42

described asillumination, 326–31, See also illuminationregeneration, 321–26, See also regenerationrepentance, 312–21, See also repentance

different uses for the word, 340–42entirely God’s work, 317–19, 342–48

through means of grace, 318entirely God's work

fault is man's when not converted, 346God works through means of grace, 344–45no cooperation from man in conversion, 342not irresistable, 345–48

in wide and narrow sense, 312man in no way cooperates in, 339turning toward God, 331–48

cooperation, 43, 321, 339, 342, 343, 473, 494, 539cornerstone, 12, 99, 106, 123, 139, 519, 538, 666corporation, 537Corpus Christi, 278, 444Cotta, Johann

no rigid formula for words of consecration, 272council, 60, 93, 94, 222, 332, 345, 540, 541, 608Council of Arles

legitimate baptism, 204Council of Trent

absolute necessity of sacraments, 189administerers of sacraments, 44authority of bishops, 594authority of the Church to interpret Scripture, 94baptism imprints indelible character on soul, 227baptism totally removes original sin, 209canon, 111concomitance, 276confused distinction of law and gospel, 154confusion of justfication and sanctification, 399confusion of law and gospel, 154Corpus Christi festivals, 278curse of justification by faith alone, 606doubt vs certainty of faith, 44efficacy of sacraments depends on person

administering, 177error of opus operatum, 183infused grace, 363insist on seven sacraments, 172John's baptism, 231justification, 43, 383justification a process, 357, 383man cooperates in conversion, 343mass an unbloody sacrifice, 282moment of presence, 279on absolute certainty of salvation, 372on faith, 10, 19on good works not meritorious, 434on justifying faith, 17on lasting power of baptism, 228on salvation because of faith, 10on sola fide, 10on unworthy reception, 291one kind, 276ordination as a sacrament, 596ordination confers indelible character, 596perfectionism, 426

pope is vicar of God, 606prayer for dead, 442prayer to images or icons, 446prayer to saints, 445ranks of public ministry, 580repentance, 320repentance consists of three parts, 319, 320sanctification cause of justification, 494seven sacraments, 53tradition trumps Scripture, 99transubstantiation, 262uncertainty of faith, 26Vulgate as official version, 68whole person of Christ offered in each kind in

Eucharist, 253councils, 111, 190, 222, 605covenant

may be called "law", 131new covenant, 22, 149, 724, 740no longer binding on us, 60

creative act, 681cross

kingdom of, 671cross of Christian, 451–61

Christian's state of humiliation, 451–55given by God

always for individual's good, 457never given as punishment

evidence of God's love and discipline, 458never punishment for sin, 457–60

given by God, 455–60helps to advance sanctification, 460–61

Cur alii prae aliis?. See electioncuriosity, 622curse, 696customs, 64, 162, 165, 233, 278Cyprian

infant baptism, 222Cyril of Jerusalem

body and blood of Christ in communion, 54

D

damnation, 640assured fact, 700caused by unbelief, 704, 715–16

fault lies entirely in sinful mankind, 715degrees of, 710doctrine revealed as warning, 719duration parallel to eternal salvation, 703eternal state, 707–10, 711–15

no end or escape, 712objections to, 713–15perpetual pain, 708, 711

hell is the place, 716–19, See also hellobjections to, 703–5opponents of, 705–7separation from God, 707–10

Dannhauer, Konradon resurrection, 682

Dante, 611day of judgment. See Judgment Day

day of the Lord. See Judgment Daydeacons, 511, 561, 570, 576, 577, 579, 580, 595dead in sin (separated from God's grace), 47, 625dead to sin, 214, 227, 392, 406, 624

separated from, 624death, 624–49

as separation, 707deprived of terrors, 636ends time of grace, 638

judgment follows, 636eternal, 625, 707–10fear of, 635no opportunity after, 739not end of our existence, 622other terms for, 626–29

biblical terms, 642–45personified, 626physical (temporal), 624, 626punitive, 632Roman errors concerning, 645–49

limbo, 648purgatory, 645–48

separation, 624–26, 629sin cause of, 632–36

death not natural, 632various external causes, 632–33

soul departs body, 624, 626, 629not annihilation of body or soul, 630–32state of departed souls unknown, 638–42

spiritual, 299, 312, 322, 323, 346, 398, 624terrible reality, 638various meanings, 624–26

decalog, 138, 320, 708Decalogue, 419demythologizing. See Word of God:interpretation ofdescent into hell, 637, 705despair, 22, 27, 143, 153, 326, 327, 369, 398, 409,

422, 425, 429, 458, 472, 619, 717devil, the. See SatanDidache

baptism, 198, 203consecration, 271past merits and justification, 370

disciples, 689discipline, 50, 87, 99, 144, 152, 156, 225, 291, 297,

330, 386, 419, 422, 435, 458, 529, 539, 553, 576, 582, 607, 706, See also keys of heaven

Dispensationalism, 659divine

power of Word, 76revelation, 48, 66, 71, 75, 102, 118, 120, 126

divine truth, 19, 69, 116, 179, 404divinitus constituti, 579dominion theology, 659Dominus Jesus

no salvation outside Roman church, 608non-Christians can enter heaven, 740ranks of public ministry, 580

Donation of Constantine, theclaims ecclesiastical and governmental power, 610

doubt, 9, 22, 26, 27, 37, 44, 50, 96, 199, 221, 247, 249, 252, 326, 369, 373, 375, 450, 458, 507, 557, 558, 580, 645, 673, 710

Dusing, Michael L.fellowship and communion, 552

duty, 81, 155, 188, 243, 261, 296, 319, 326, 369, 552, 563, 586, 591, 645

E

Eastern Orthodox teachingcanon, 110church

apostolic succession, 520infallibility of bishops and patriarchs, 608insists on seven sacraments, 173justification

process resulting in deification, 359mysticism, 490ordination, 596–97prayer to icons, 445predestination based on God's foreknowledge of

faith, 477tradition trumps Scripture, 99–103

ecclesia late dicta, 514ecclesia repraesentativa, 539ecclesia stricte dicta, 514Eckert, Otto

conversion instantaneous, 338Ecumenic Pluralism, 705edification, 94, 224, 225, 417, 523, 532, 555, 566,

578, 582education, 548efficacious, 33, 37, 39, 44, 48, 49, 116, 171, 177, 179,

183, 221, 267, 273, 305, 306, 308, 310, 562grace, 48

efficacy of sacraments, 27, 185election, 473–89, 616

Cur alii prae aliis?, 476–77definition, 477errors concerning

double predestination (Calvinist), 476intuitu fidei, 476predestination to damnation, 485–89

God uses means of grace to call elect, 479motive in God's pure grace, 479–81pertains to all phases of sanctification, 481–83preserves us in faith, 483–85proclaimed to comfort and strengthen, 473–77

given for comfort, not speculation, 476rests on redemptive work of Christ, 481

emotions, 5, 50, 114, 315, 331, 338, 391end of world, 649–700

Christ will return visibly, 649–73one visible return, 649–52, 660

Millennialists (Chiliasts) assume a double return, 658–73, See also Millennialism (Millennium)

return will end present world, 652–58time of return not revealed, 653

resurrection of dead will occur, 673–83, See also resurrection

judgment follows, 683–700, See also Judgment Day

return will end present world, 696–700signs of, 654–57

all signs have appeared, 656endurance, 87, 151, 421, 425, 431, 450, 453, 561, 621,

623enemies of Christ, 598–600enlightenment, 15, 86, 96, 104, 328, 391enmity, 126, 741enthusiasm, 41, 42, 43, 247, 297, 594Epistle of Barnabas

allegorical approach to Scripture, 92Erickson, Millard

"age of accountability", 218assumes special call for elect, 307Christ's body must be limited to one location, 268confusion of preservation of faith, 472Lord's Supper as "means of grace", 288, 289reason trumps Scripture in communion, 268spiritual eating of Christ by faith, 266

eschatology, 620–742biblical, 620chief purpose for doctrine, 622dispensational, 620hope for complete salvation, 622–24liberal, 620radically different life to come, 620–22

eternal glory, 432, 454, 460, 473, 623, 723, 724, 725, 731, 734, 737, See also heaven

eternal happiness, 720, See also heaveneternal life, 720, 721, See also heaveneternity, 700–742

two statesdamnation of wicked, 700–720, See also

damnationhappiness of heaven for believer, 720–41, See

also heavenEucharist. See Lord's Supperevidence of faith, 32evolution, 95, 632ex cathedra, 543ex corde. See prayerex opere operante, 185ex opere operantis, 186ex opere operato, 43, 177, 184, 186, 232, 285,

286, 385, 443ex sensu, 33, 37excommunication, 523, See also keys of heavenexinanition. See state of humiliationexistentialism, 118expediency, 568experience, 42, 76, 90, 96, 112, 121, 153, 210, 297,

427, 622, 631, 634, 699, 710, 734Explicit faith. See fides explicita

F

faithas appropriation, 22–34as knowledge, 15as matter of the heart, 12

as obedience, 16as the uniting bond, 2as trust and confidence, 10as trust or confidence, 10–22as ὂργανον ληπτικόν, 24, 420assured of salvation, 28attitude of heart, 509attributes of, 9Catholic teaching. See Roman Catholic teachingcharacteristics of, 26Christ's work appropriated through, 738contrasted with unbelief, 23emphasized in the New Testament, 6Fides qua creditur or fides subjectiva, 7Fides quae creditur or fides objectiva, 7from the Holy Spirit, 28fruit of election, 482governs understanding, 14–16how faith justifies, 421includes knowledge and assent, 13infants and faith, 20–22influences and governs the will, 16law of faith, 3materia ex qua. See Faithmeanings other than saving faith, 7membership in Church, 505not a meritorious work, 420object of, 23–25, 31–33part of repentance, 313–17produced by means of grace, 494produced through means of grace, 38–43proper attitude towards Christ's work of

redemption, 22receiving organ for blessings of sacraments, 180–

83relation to love and hope, 5worked by the Holy Spirit, 27πιστεύειν, 6πίστις, 5, 6, 7, 8

faithfulness, 6, 17, 62, 65, 125, 133, 150, 179, 225, 256, 304, 390, 399, 644, 668, 734

falling away, 604, 612favor dei, 381fear, 621Fecht, Johannes

hell, 718feeding, 240, 573fellowship, 546–58

blessing, not burden, 547church organizations may err, 542–58

groups without common confession may not join together, 549–50

real Christians also found in them, 544–46reasons God permits errors in visible church,

556–58close communion. See Lord's Supper:close

communiondefinitions of, 546determined by confession and practice, 550expression of love, 557groups who share common confession in Scripture

join together, 546–49

prayer, 448–49unit concept, 550–56

al expressions of fellowship treated as unit, 553all doctrines of Scriptrue treated as unit, 553

fides caritate formata, 19fides directa, 33fides explicita, 19fides historica, 7fides implicita, 18fides informis, 19fides justificans, 7fides qua creditur, 7fides quae creditur, 7fides reflexa, 33fides specialis, 382final judgment, 641, See also Judgment Dayflesh

temptations of, 293Formula of Concord

EpitomeArt. II

enthusiasm, 41God effects conversion by means of grace,

307Art. III

errors of mystic union, 493forensic justification, 382justification and sanctification a logical

sequence, 397phrases with justification, 381

Art. IVgood works "necessary" or "injurious", 435

Art. Valternate definitions of gospel, 135definition of gospel, 134definition of law, 129proper distinction between law and gospel,

152use of law and gospel, 151

Art. VIsanctification incomplete in this world, 429

Art. VIIconsecration, 271on Capernaitic eating, 259on possibility of real presence, 255sacramental union, 258unworthy reception, 256unworthy reception turns blessings into

curse, 291Art. X

adiaphora, 417on type of bread in Lord's Supper, 245unity of church, 516

Art. XIdistinction between God's foreknowledge

and God's election, 479God's call universal, 308

Summarysole authority of Scripture, 110

Thorough DeclarationArt. II

blessings of baptism, 208

Christian cooperates with Holy Spirit in sanctification, 404

grace not irresistable, 345Holy Spirit works through the Word, 37man is converted by Holy Spirit through

means of grace, 39means of grace, 36regeneration not perfect in this life, 430the reality of faith, 33

Art. IIIin what way faith justifies, 31indwelling of God by justification, 493justification and sanctification, 392justification through faith, 382regeneration, 322sanctification result of justification, 390

Art. IVgood works never perfect, 422

Art. Vdefinition of gospel, 134definition of law, 129proper distinction between law and gospel,

153use of law and gospel, 152

Art. VIlaw as curb, 159law as guide, 158sanctification not complete in this life, 430unworthy reception, 257

Art. VIIconsecration, 271efficacy of sacraments, 179election purely by grace, 481John 6 and Lord's Supper, 240meaning of words of institution, 249, 250on Christ's body and local presence, 269on confused view of worthy and unworthy

reception, 293on Corpus Christi festivals, 278on moment of presence, 280on sacramental union as a "symbolic union",

261on spiritual eating of Christ by faith, 267on transubstantiation, 262, 278on unbelieving communicants not receiving

body and blood, 267on words of institution, 243purpose of consecration, 272real presence of blood of Christ, 252sacramental union, 248true presence of Christ's body and blood in

sacrament, 270unworthy partakers receive body and blood,

256unworthy reception, 257words of institution, 273

Art. Xessentials of baptism, 225

Art. XIfaith the fruit of election, 482God has chosen to work through means of

grace, 42

God's call to grace sincere, 306God's call to grace universal, 309reason and Scripture in election, 488regeneration can be lost, 325those fallen from grace can be restored, 326

Art. XIIministry of the church, 562

freedom, 10, 26, 31, 48, 121, 147, 161, 340, 343, 378, 379, 412, 413, 414, 417, 423, 524, 528, 577, 578, 619, 620, 731, 733

Friedliebcontrition, 312good works, 430

Froom, LeRoyannihilation, 707

fruit of the vine, 245, 246, 247, 275, See also Lord's Supper

Fudge, Edwardon eternal damnation, 707

fulfillment of prophecy, 659fundamental articles, 612, 618future environment, 673

G

Gallic Confessionnecessity of sacraments, 188the church includes children of believing parents,

21Gehenna, 700, 705Geneva Catechism

Lord's Supper not means of grace, 288genus majestaticum, 268Gerhard

"in, with, and under", 259administering sacraments in urgent cases, 191authority of Scripture, 89baptism produces new life, 214clarity of Scripture, 104, 105definition of baptism, 200definition of sacrament, 168, 169entire visible church may become heterodox, 544essentials of baptism, 224, 225eternal damnation, 704faith principle element in repentance, 313faith receives blessings of sacraments, 182forgiveness of sins and imputation of righteousness

same, 356gospel promise, 142heaven, 733, 736hell, 717Judgment Day, 692Lord's Supper offers forgiveness, 282New Testament sacraments, 186on absolute necessity of sacraments, 189on Catholic theology of baptism, 209on process justification, 358pronouncement of judgment left to God, 311regeneration, 322resurrection key in justification, 361sacramental union, 258sufficiency of Scripture, 97, 102

synonyms for justification, 355universal justification, 360Word of God, 66, 71Word of God is instrumental cause, 115

glittering vices, 419glorification, 215, 254, 255, 482, 729glorified state, 254Godhead, 389, 727godparents. See sponsorsgood works, 409–21

Christian does willingly, 409–12civic righteousness, 418

"glittering vices" in God's eyes, 419faith not meritorious good work, 420God alone prescribes, 412–16necessary, 433–35

as natural consequence, 433do not preserve faith, but bad works may

destroy it, 434not harmful to faith, 435

neutral acts, 416–18, See also adiaphoraonly Christian can do, 418–20reward connected with, 432valuable, 430–33

correspond to will of God, 430performed by strength given by God, 430provide external justification, 431reward in this life and life to come, 431serve Christ and neighbor, 431serve glory of God, 431

gospelas means of grace, 163as ὂργανον δοτιόν, 24available in time before Christ, 741Christ mediator of, 138Christians instructed to preach, 39definition, 133efficacy of not dependant on man, 545gospel "command", 141–43has penetrated all nations, 657intended to bring life, 128is Word of God, 126justification central doctrine of, 375–77object of faith, 25, 314only means of grace, 672other meanings

preparatory preaching of law, 135written record of life and work of Jesus, 135

proclaimed through means of grace, 38–43, 51–55, 56

proclamation of justification, 689resurrection a central doctrine of, 676speaks of God's grace, 140standard of Christ's judgment, 689–92universal grace, 23

gospel reductionism, 95Grabau and Buffalo Synod

Romanizing view of ordination, 597grace, See also means of grace

biblical definition, 363God's motive for election, 479God's motive for justification, 364–68

in justification, 363–74means of. See means of gracespoken of in gospel, 140time of, 636, 671universal, 488

gratia infusa, 363gratia particularis, 44Gregory of Nyssa

Lord's Supper produces essential union of Christ with communicant, 54

Gregory of Valentiainfallible authority of the Church, 93

Gregory the Greatpurgatory, 645

Gregory VII, 618Grider, J. Kenneth

election based on God's foreknowledge, 477man cooperates in conversion, 343perfectionism, 426

Grudem, Wayneassumes special call for elect, 307common grace different from saving grace, 45confusion of means of grace, 50denies real presence, 263double predestination, 477, 486empties sacraments of God-given virtue, 175fellowship, 552Lord's Supper as "means of grace", 288man cooperates in conversion, 344on faith, 20on immersion, 197on infant baptism, 21on omnipresence of Christ's body, 269once saved, always saved, 472personal decision of faith, 34regeneration, 323spiritual eating and drinking, 267synergistic view of sacraments, 49unworthy recipients do not receive Christ's body

and blood, 292virtue of Christ's death heavenly element in Lord's

Supper, 253

H

Habeck, Irwinannouncement for communion, 297on fruit of the vine, 247on necessity of breaking bread and common cup,

275Hades, 644Hafenreffer, Matthaeus

baptism as regeneration, 207baptism significant for life, 227blessings of baptism, 208contrition, 313reality of sacraments, 179repentance has two parts, 316

hardening (obduracy), 486Hardt, Tom G.

adoration of host, 279moment of presence, 280

Harrisville, Royhistorical-critical method, 96

headship principle, 581heart, 12

involves intellect, emotion, and will, 12heaven, 720–41

believers only will enter, 738–41errors concerning, 739–41stimulant for faith, 741

degrees of glory, 734–36fellowship with saints and angels, 733happiness in the presence of God

blessings we will enjoy, 730–36everlasting, 737–38

not disturbed by thoughts about damned, 738

perfect union with God, 725–36uninterrupted joy, 737we shall see God, 726–30

happiness in the presence of God, 720happiness in the presence of God, 725–36new heaven and new earth, 737other names for, 720–25

Heerbrand, Jacobcomparing OT ad NT sacraments, 59faith, 31law and gospel, 154punishment and chastisement, 458purpose of law, 128repentance has two parts, 316

Heidegger, John Henrybaptism not a work of man, 212

hell, 638, 716–19distinguished from heaven, 717location not revealed, 718–19names for, 700–703

Helvetic Consensus FormulaChrist died only for the elect, 44

Helvitic Confessionon real presence, 252symbolic union in sacrement, 261

Hendry, George S.inspiration, 86

Heppe, Heinrichefficacy of sacrament depends on recipient, 176misunderstanding of baptism, 213 sacraments not means of grace, 188

herald, 495, 589heretics, 99, 448, 449, 552, 553, 591, 598, 600, 613Hermas

past merits and justification, 370Herzog Encyclopedia

reason trumps Scripture, 268heterodox, 449, 544, 543–46, 550, 552, 554Historical faith. See fides historicahistorical falsifications, 610historical-critical method, 95Hitler, 611Hodge, Charles

breaking bread necessary, 275Calvinist view of grace, 44cannibalistic eating of Lord's Supper, 259

communicant must receive bread with hand, 277immediate working of the Spirit, 45law and gospel confused, 155means of grace, 45Papacy is Antichrist, 616prayer as means of grace, 55virtue of Christ's death the heavenly element in

Lord's Supper, 253Hoefling, Johann

on ministry, 568Hoenecke, Adolf

alternate definitions of gospel, 135cross of Christian, 451, 455fellowship, 552formula of baptism, 202heaven, 733law and gospel, 155merits separate from justification, 369ministry of the Word, 562on Romanizing view of ordination, 597on worship and veneration (Catholic), 446prayer fellowship, 448regeneration, 323sufficiency of Scripture, 97

Hoffmann, GottfriedChristian cooperates with Holy Spirit in

sanctification, 404clarity of Scripture, 105sanctification, 390

Holiness bodies, 426Hollaz

administering sacraments in urgent cases, 191Antichrist, 600authority of Scripture

based also on external criteria, 89authority of Scripture, 89called ministers entrusted by church to administer

sacraments, 190efficacy of the means of grace, 38enlightening power of Word, 330enlightenment meanings, 330God's call to salvation same everywhere, 310hell and heaven, 717Judgment Day, 695light used as understanding, 328on Catholic theology of baptism, 209on predestination, 483purpose of law, 128, 144regeneration can be lost, 325regeneration can be lost and restored, 326resurrection of body, 679resurrection of dead, 677sacramental union, 258Word of God, 71

Holy Spiritappoints ministers of gospel, 591creates faith, 27immediate vs mediate working of, 49sanctification primarily the work of, 399works through means of grace, 38–42

works sanctification, 399–404works through Word, 112–18, 273

homologoumena, 107Honorius of Autun

fourfold allegorical approach, 91hope, 622–24, 641Huelsemann

clarity of Scripture, 105regeneration, 322Word of God works in supernatural and

psychological manner, 114human

life, 633nature. See natural man

Humane theologians, 720Hutter, Leonhard

heaven, 738judgment left to God, 311moment of presence, 280promise alone matters in real presence, 255real presence in sacrament, 270

hypocrisy, 179, 212, 398, 514hypostatic union, 255, 257, 490

I

ignorance, 18, 40, 84, 90, 142, 172, 212, 269, 299, 317, 319, 419, 507, 684

illumination, 326–31darkness as fear, anxiety, despair, hell, 327definition, 326gospel is the means for working, 329–31light as faith in gospel, 328light as hope, joy, salvation, 327light as understanding, 328

immediate call. See call to public ministry:direct callimmediate grace, 48, 175, 213, 288immersion, 196–99, 213Implicit faith. See fides implicita, See fides implicitaimputation of Christ’s righteousness, 356imputation of righteousness, 356, 357in, with, and under, 259inclusivism, 506indelible character, 596indifference, 225, 556, 617individual justification. See justification, subjectiveinfallibility, 86, 543, 607, 608infant baptism. See baptisminfantium or puerorum, 648infernus, 718infused grace, 43ingratitude, 311, 556inheritance, 724insanity, 294inspiration, 67, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 87, 69–

87, 95, 106, 107, 110, 121, 589, 590, See Word of Godobjections to, 85–87verbal (word for word), 74–75writers were witnesses, 118–21

instrumental cause, 32, 114, 115, 185intellect, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 104, 112, 114, 121, 155,

214, 391, 429

interpretation of Scripture. See Word of God:interpretation of

intuitu fidei. See electioninvitation, 142, 293, 302Iowa Synod

on pope as Antichrist, 613Irenaeus

infant baptism, 221Islamic teaching

definition of faith, 20Ite, missa est, 233iustificatio, 322

J

Jacobs, Henry E.inspiration, 68

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 630, 631, 654, 703, 704Jenson, Robert

Bible contains contradictions, 123Jerusalem, 663

destruction of, 656Jesus. See ChristJews, conversion of. See MillennialismJohn the Baptist, 41, 193joy, 621, 725judgment, 636

final, 638, 657, 669, 693, 695, 727finality of, 637immediacy of, 640

Judgment Day, 683–700all people present, 693

fallen angels as well, 693assured fact, 683believer's sins not published, 694Christ the judge, 686–93

standard of judgment is the gospel, 689–92destruction of present universe, 696–700

expect renovation, 698names for, 685reveals God's righteousness and mercy, 693–96time is end of world, 685

judgment of God, 687judicial power, 686justification, 348–87, 421, 620

"by works", 384–87evidence of, not cause of, 384–86

"for Christ's sake", 381"through faith", 382analytic, 371by grace, 363–74, 381

"infused grace", 363favorable disposition of God, 363God's motive for justification, 364–68man's merits not involved, 368–71

central doctrine of gospel, 375-77relation of other doctrines to justification, 375

declaratory act of God, 348–59Eastern Orthodoxy considers it a process

resulting in deification, 359forensic (judicial), 348–54, 382

Rome considers justification a process, 357–59, 383

God pronounces sinner righteous, 354–57man's salvation always aim of, 377–81proclamation of, 689produces sanctification, 289pronounced in means of grace, 374–77proper division of law and gospel required for

proper understanding of, 374results in sanctification, 392–94sacraments offer, 180serves two-fold purpose, 371–74subjective, 359, 361synonyms for

forgiveness, 355imputation of Christ's righteousness, 356remission of sins, 355

universal, 22, 359justifying faith, 393, 394, 395

See fides justificansJustin Martyr

infant baptism, 221justitia civilis, 156

K

Kant, Immanuel, 95keys of heaven, 520–32, 562

church possesses, 521–31, 562–64authority of forgive sins, 528not subject to human authority, 527–32

definition, 521power of, 522private use of means of grace, 524–27

imitates the attitude of Christ, 524love goes to great lengths in discipline, 527no rigid instructions for manner of use, 525,

564right of congregation to call implied by possession

of, 590kingdom

of heaven, 723Kleisterleim, 245knowledge,

as synonym for faith, 14Koehler

on faith being of the heart and mind, 13Koehlerglaube. See fides implicitaKoenig

God's judgment left up to him, 311on communion producing and essential union of

Christ with communicant, 54purposes and values of baptism, 215

Koren, U. V.office of the Word, 562

Krentz, Edgarhistorical-critical method, 96

Kromayer, Hieronymuson faith, 18

Küng, HansScripture cannot be expressed in propositions, 123Scripture not infallible, 121

L

laity, 172, 253, 276, 573Large Catechism

abrogation of law, 162baptism a reunion with God and man, 205baptism as salvation, 206baptism gives membership into communion of

saints, 207, 208baptism not a work of man, 211baptism produces new life, 214baptism significant throughout life, 227baptism signifies new life, 213blessings of baptism, 208Church as "mother", 499church united under Christ, 521definition of baptism, 199holy Christian church, communion of saints

identical, 504immersion, 196infant baptism, 223Infant Baptism

baptism a means of grace, 53Word of God infallible, 84

Kingdom of God, 500no salvation outside the church, 519Of Baptism

sacraments instituted by Christ, 53on confused view of worthy and unworthy

reception, 292on efficacy of sacrament depending on recipient,

176, 177other definition of sacrament possible, 171power of baptism in the Word, 212reality of sacraments, 180Sacrament of the Altar

Word of God infallible, 84sanctification in broad sense, 388Short Preface

sacraments instituted by Christ, 53three distinguishing marks for sacrament, 170universal justification, 361worthy and unworthy reception, 290

Larger Catechism, Westminster Assemblyconfusion of means of grace, 50

Larkin, ClarenceDispensationalism, 659Millennialism, 672

Last Day, 391, 645, See also Judgment DayLatter-day Saints. See Mormonismlaw

abrogation of, 159–62ceremonial, 132, 159definition in strict sense, 128demands perfect trust in God, 420is Word of God, 126Mosaic Law, 58, 160Sabbath, 160–62synonym for

any rule or order, principle or standard, 133ceremonial law, 132civil law, 132God's Word, 130

gospel, 133Mosaic covenant, 131Old Testament portion of Scripture, 130Pentateuch, 131

third use of, 409–21uses of, 156–62

civic righteousness, 156curb, 158guide, 158mirror, 158still pertains to Christians in all three uses, 159

law and gospel, 124–63common confusions of, 153contrasting passages side-by-side, 150opposites, 136–56

ministers must properly distinguish, 150–52proper distinction between, 154

confused in many churches, 154–56proper division required in justification, 374similarities, 126–28urgency of preaching now, 739

Lawrenz, Carlpublic ministry, 569

laws of nature, 95laymen. See laityLCMS

“ The Lutheran Understanding of Church Fellowship”, 554

headship principle in public ministry, 582LCMS constitution

fellowship, 554LCMS CTCR

fellowship, 554Lenski

on objective faith, 7license for sinning, 378life

earthly life, 460, 462, 463, 640, 706eternal, 738spiritual, 46, 53, 127, 163, 187, 293, 312, 322, 323,

395, 396, 421, 624time for preparation, 636to come (future life), 620–22

limbo, 648, 649, See Roman Catholic teachingLimborch

reason wants to add merits to justification, 371limbus patrum, 648, 649Lodge, 370Loescher

working of the Word, 117Loescher, Valentin

Word of God works in supernatural manner, 114logic, 97, 267, 582Lord’s Table, 253, 297Lord's Supper, 231–97

"Abstainers", 247announcement/registration, 296–97blessings of, 289–90close communion, 293–97converys forgiveness, 54distinct from other rites in Scripture, 166elements

invisible (heavenly)--body and blood of Christ, 247–57glorified body and blood present, 254–56true blood of Christ, 251–57true body of Christ, 247–51

visible--bread and wine, 243–47fruit of the vine, 245–47wafers, 243–45

errors concerningReformed (Calvin, Zwingli)

accuse us of cannibalistic eating, 259breaking bread is necessary, 275deny real presence, 263–67does not offer forgiveness of sins, 288–89every true body occupies a place, 268reason trumps Scripture, 267–70sacramental union a "symbolic union", 261spiritual eating, 266take "my body" to mean

"symbol/representation of my body", 265–66

twist words of insitution, 265unbelieving communicants do not receive

Christ's body and blood, 266, 291virtue of Christ's death the heavenly

element, 253whole person of Christ as invisible element,

252Rome

concomitance, 253, 276insist on one kind, 276transubstantiation, 262unbloody sacrifice, 282–88

institution of, 241–43time of institution important, 241

moment of presence, 279–81names for

breaking of bread, 231Communion, 232Eucharist, 231Lord's Supper, 231Lord's Table, 231Mass, 233Sacrament of the Altar, 233

not virtue (work) of death of Christ, 252–54offers forgiveness, 281–88profitable use of, 294real presence, 182, 248, 251, 252, 256, 257, 260,

263, 266, 267, 269, 273, 275, 280, 291sacrament of confirmation, 293sacramental acts, 270–81

consecration, 270–73purpose of, 272words not a magical formula, 272–73

distibutionbreaking of bread not necessary, 273–75

distribution, 273–77one kind an error, 276–77

reception, 277sacramental union, 248, 257–61

not a "Capernaitic" or cannibalistic eating, 259–60

sources of doctrine for, 236–41unworthy reception, 256–57, 257, 290–93

faith in promises is central ingredient in worthy reception, 290

words of institution, 179, 200, 225, 236, 237, 243, 245, 247, 249, 252, 254, 255, 257, 258, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 261–70, 271, 272, 273, 276, 279, 280, 281

Lord's Table. See also Lord's SupperLossky, Vladimir

tradition trumps Scripture, 100love

brotherly, 191, 539, 550lust, 172, 389, 391, 407, 421, 454, 485Luther

announcement for Lord's Supper, 296called ministers entrusted by church to administer

sacraments, 190Christian's righteousness by a foreign holiness, 493conscious or subconscious prayer, 438Dionysius and mysticism, 490doing good works, 411enthusiasts and saraments, 179faith receives blessings of sacraments, 182God works only through outward Word and signs,

42God's truth expressed in propositions, 123good works, 415gospel outweighs law, 149Greek and Hebrew, 68headship principle, 582interpretation of Scripture, 91keeping a bird "from nesting in my hair", 425language and God's Word, 67law and gospel, 154literal meaning of Scripture, 90ministry, 563on adoration of the host, 279on apostolic succession, 520on faith and love, 20on fides formata, 20on papal teaching of interpretation of Scripture, 95other definition of sacrament possible, 171prayer and the believer, 436proper distinction between law and gospel, 153public and private ministry, 573public ministry, 571, 572, 578Scripture interprets Scripture, 90simul justus et peccator, 425sin boldly, 426sources of doctrine for Lord's Supper, 237Spirit dwells in believer, 490truth of God's Word, 64

Lutheran Outlookconfused view of worthy reception, 292

M

mala positiva, 708mala privativa, 708man

composite nature of, 632

merits of, 368–71Man of Sin, 600, See also Antichristmanna, 160, 235, 239, 240martyrs, 192, 661Mass. See Lord's Suppermateria ex qua, 13McConkie, Bruce

Scripture, 331means of grace, 34–61, 306, 561, 583

baptism. See baptismcautions for ourselves regarding, 50God calls elect through, 479God chose to work through, 38, 39, 40, 42God uses means of grace in conversion, 344–45immediate vs mediate working of the Spirit, 48in Old Testament, 61Lord's Supper. See Lord's Suppermarks of the Church, 512–14means of preservation, 470one possible exception in Scripture?, 41power inhering in themselves, 38prayer not a means of grace, 55produce faith, 38–43, 53, 494produce repentance, 39, 318pronounce justification, 374–77regeneration worked by, 324sacraments are, 173–79sanctification worked by Holy Spirit through, 399–

404two functions of, 35–38used by God to form mystic union with believer,

490Word. See Word of God

medicinal act, 396, See also sanctificationMelanchthon

man has free will to respond to grace, 343synergistic concerning law and gospel, 155

Mennonites, 218, See also Reformed teachingMensinger

New Testament sacraments, 186Mentzer, Balthazar

mystic union comforts believer, 492mercy, 693merited retribution, 136meritum de condigno, 369meritum de congruo, 369Messiah, 59, 83, 230, 613, 663metaphor, 249, 264metaphorical expressions, 239, 263, 264Methodist teaching

perfectionism, 426–30metonymy, 8, 61, 245, 249, 626, 673Meyer, J. P.

on Bible "becomes Word of God", 122Miley, John

reason wants to add merits to justification, 371Millennialism, 658–73, 685

Amillennialism, 660assumes double return of Christ, 659base their teaching on

Revelation 20, 660–63base their teaching on

Old Testament prophecy, 663–70contradicts clear teachings of Scripture, 670Post-millennialism, 659Pre-millennialism, 659rapture, 669widespread conversion of Jews, 664

ministerial office, 559–98call into, 584–98, See also call to public ministryGod establishes, 567instituted by Christ, 559–64one office, 559one task to preach the gospel (and administer

sacraments), 559–64public ministry, 564–98

appointment of men by God, 570, 565–71divine institution, 564gifts of God to the church, 566, 570means of livelihood for full-time ministers, 570ministers servants of God and congregation,

591no difference in rank, 564, 579

Roman error, 580no divine institution of specific form, 571–72one office, 576purpose, 582qualifications, 569various forms, 573–79

examples of, 573–75relationship of pastor and flock, 586two forms are public and private, 564, 572, 581

mirror of law. See law:uses ofmission work, 538, 548, 624missionaries, 576, 590monastic vows, 414moral law, 128, 132, 138, 141, 144, 151, 155moralizing, 137Mormonism, 69, 414, 649, 671, 672Morris, Henry M.

authority of Scripture, 90interpretation of Genesis 1, 95

Mosaic law. See law:Mosaicmurder, 132, 147, 410, 413, 472, 633, 646mystic union. See union:believer's union with Godmysticism, 490

N

Napoleon, 611National Council of Churches

dulling of justification dulls spiritual understanding, 377

natural inclination, 410natural knowledge, 298natural laws. See laws of naturenatural man

death not "natural", 632ingorant of way to salvation, 298–300opposes gospel of free justification, 300–301

nature, 655necessity of natural consequence, 433negative criticism. See inspirationNeo-orthodoxy

inspiration, 86interpretation of Scripture, 95views of Scripture, 118

Nero, 611, 613new covenant, 160new heavens and a new earth, 658, 678, 696, 699, 737new Jerusalem, 205, 663, 664new obedience, 116, 316, 382new self, 391, 405, 408, 427nisi rite vocatus, 584norm of judgement, 692notae ecclesiae, 512

O

obicem non ponere, 43objective faith. See fides quae crediturobjective justification. See justification:universaloffense. See adiaphoraofferings, universal, 285office, 559Office of the Church: An Orientation by the

theological commission of SELKRomanizing view of ordination, 597

Old Adam. See Sin:sinful natureold covenant, 58, 740old self. See Sin:sinful natureOmne corpus verum in loco est, 268opera ad extra, 399opera supererogationis, 426opinio legis, 63, 137, 153, 418, 606opportunity, 143, 157, 279, 297, 300, 311, 398, 413,

424, 524, 549, 563, 564, 739oracles, 90order, 565, 593ordinatio absoluta, 595ordination, 594–98

definition, 595not necessary of conferring the office, 594Roman errors, 598

as a sacrament, 596indelible character, 596–97

ordinem, 579ordo salutis, 621Origen

infant baptism, 221on eternal damnation, 706purgatory, 646

OsianderChrist justifies us by dwelling in us, 494Christ's indwelling is cause of justification, 493justify "to make righteous" rather than "to declare

righteous", 358on declaring unrighteous righteous, 358

P

Palatine Confessionspiritual eating of Christ by faith, 266

pantheism, 490Papacy. See Antichrist, Roman Catholic teachingPapierkuechlein, 245parables, 14, 164, 263, 264, 487

paradise, 622, 630, 631, 636, 640, 660, 722, See also heaven

Passoveras OT means of grace, 61parallel to Lord's Supper, 233–35

pastorate, 571, 576, 577compared with Corinth, 577

patience, 623Pelagians, 114, 343, 632Pelagius

man has free will inconversion, 343penance, 19, 171, 319, 320, 321, 442, 645Pentateuch. See law:synonym forPentecostals, 204, 210perfectionism, 426–30persecution, 68, 245, 417, 452, 464, 466, 483, 491,

518, 532, 585, 732perseverence of faith. See preservation of faithPeters, Ted

death annihilation of body and soul, 631death is natural, 632eternal damnation, 705on headship principle in public ministry, 582on resurrection of dead, 678

petition, 441, 442Pharisaism, 612philosophy, 22, 96, 121Pieper, August

definition of gospel, 134defnition of law, 129divine call, 584gospel promise, 142public ministry, 568synod equals church, 539synod has use of keys, 539

Pieper, FranzAntichrist not a fundamental article of faith, 618authority of Scripture, 89fellowship, 554inspiration in wider sense, 87Judgment Day, 698means of grace, 562ministry, 568on Christ's body and local presence, 269on immediate working of the Spirit, 48proper distinction between law and gospel, 153synod does not equal church, 539

Pinnock, Clarketernal damnation, 703hell, 706non-Christians can enter heaven, 740

pious men, 612pluralism, 506, 705poena, 458, 708poena damni, 708poena sensus, 708Pomazansky

canon, 111ordination, 596prayer for dead, 442tradition trumps Scripture, 100

Pontifical Biblical Commission

view of Scripture, 119Pope. See Antichrist, Roman Catholic teachingPope Hadrian VI

prayer fellowship, 449Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopedia

representation, 265prayer, 436–51

access to God through grace, 436accomplishments, 449–51content of, 440–43

not to pray for dead, 442petitions, 441praise and thanksgiving, 440

fellow Christians pray with or for, 447–49form of, 438–40

according to formula or ex corde, 438anywhere, 439audibly or in thought, 438consciously or subconsciously, 438individually or with group, 439set time or special occasion, 439

manner, 440not means of grace, 55, 448only Christians can pray, 436–38

unbeliever's prayers not acceptable before God, 437

only to triune God, 443–47not to angels, 446not to images or icons, 445not to saints, 445

sign of Christian faith, 436predestination. See electionpre-evangelism, 304preparation, time of, 636Presbyterian, The

the church includes children of believing parents, 21

preservation of faith, 464–89Christian can fall from faith, 464–69election source of comfort, 473–89, See also

electiontwo main errors of

Calvinists deny that a Christian can fall from faith, 471

synergists deny sola gratia and ascribe perseverance to man, 473

work of God, 469-73preserves us through means of grace, 470protects us against sinful nature, 471

priesthood, universal, 573, 581prophets, 519, 587propitiation, 168, 174, 281, 309, 385propitiatory offerings, 285propria iustitia, 396Protestant principle, 64pseudepigrapha, 107pseudo-Christs, 599public ministry. See ministerial office:public ministrypunishment and chastisement, 457purgatory. See Roman Catholic teaching;

death:Roman errors concerning

Q

Qoheleth, 685Quanbeck, Warren

Scripture cannot be expressed in propositions, 124Quenstedt

authority of Scripture, 89authority of Scripture vs authority of the church, 94baptism not a work of man, 212baptism not to be repeated, 225Christian cooperates with Holy Spirit in

sanctification, 403Church, 508church delegates, 540clarity of Scripture, 104, 105comparing OT and NT revelation, 59conversion act of applicatory grace, 338conversion instantaneous, 338council, 540cross of Christian, 455death, 629faith principle element in repentace, 314fellowship, 449fellowship in worship, 553God may call directly, 303God's call universal, 309God's imputation, 358God's presence and personal union, 490good works correspond to will of God, 430gospel call has gone out to whole world, 310hell, 709, 718in what way faith justifies, 32Judgment Day, 688, 692, 695justification and sanctification a logical sequence,

397light used as understanding, 329Lord's Supper offers forgiveness, 281man does not cooperate in conversion, 340means of sanctification are the means of grace, 401ministers of sacraments only stewards, 178, 179ministry, 567mystic union, 489on absolute necessity of sacraments, 189on allegory, 92on Calvinist teaching of call to salvation, 308on fides implicita, 18on glorified state of Christ's body and blood, 254,

255on Lord's Supper being a sacrifice, 286on Melchizedek's offering parallel to Christ's

sacrifice in Eucharist, 283on possibility of real presence, 255on prayer for dead, 443on the material parts of faith, 13on the object of faith, 25on the word "sacrament", 166on use of unleavened bread in Lord's Supper, 244prayer--accomplishments, 449pre-evangelism, 304principle element in repentance, 314public ministry, 579purpose of gospel, 146purpose of law, 128, 144

regeneration, 322, 323remission of sins same as imputation of

righteousness, 356repentance two-fold, 316representatice church, 540resurrection of body, 677resurrection of dead, 680, 681Roman pope is the Antichrist, 615sacraments as "visible Word", 175sanctification, 391sanctification the result of salvation, 390Scripture interprets Scripture, 90sufficiency of Scripture, 97two churches, 515use of law and gospel, 151visible churches can err, 544Word of God, 67working of the Word, 116

R

Racovian Catechismno necessity for call, 594on faith, 20

Rahner, Karlnon-Christians can enter heaven, 739

rapture, 659, 669readiness, 518, 530, 657, 667real presence. See Lord's Supperreason and Scripture, 269, 488, 685, 707receiving organ. See faithreconciliation, 1, 2, 17, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 134, 146,

169, 286, 301, 303, 314, 317, 359, 360, 368, 374, 385, 429, 560, 597

reconstructionism, 659redemption, 19, 22, 25, 32, 39, 50, 127, 141, 169, 185,

205, 224, 241, 253, 267, 282, 283, 287, 301, 314, 354, 355, 362, 366, 381, 394, 407, 452, 463, 472, 475, 477, 503, 517, 623, 689, 690, 694, 730, 731, 733

Reformation, 75, 87, 297, 609, 610Reformed teaching

"age of accountability", 219assumes special call for elect, 307–8confusion of church and state, 531deny efficacy of Old and New Testament

sacraments, 187double predestination, 476, 485empty sacraments of God-given virtue, 175immediate grace and baptism, 213immediate working of the Spirit, 48law and gospel confused, 155Lord's Supper. See also Lord's Supper:errors

concerningdeny real presence, 263–67on real presence, 252sacramental union a "symbolic union", 261

means of grace, 45, 48on infant baptism, 218on necessity of sacraments, 188once saved, always saved, 471opus operatum view of baptism, 212

prayer as means of grace, 55reason trumps Scripture, 267–70TULIP, 471, 485

regeneration, 45, 206, 207, 208, 214, 321, 322, 323, 325, 397beginning of faith, 321–23can be lost, 325–26

can be restored, 326definition, 321God works regeneration, 323–25

motive for, 324registration, 296remission of sins, 17, 27, 32, 52, 63, 134, 155, 168,

174, 182, 183, 184, 208, 211, 218, 221, 222, 232, 243, 249, 281, 285, 286, 309, 315, 318, 322, 355, 356, 358, 369, 384, 385, 399, 606, 608, 614sufficient for salvation, 355

remorse, 318renovation, 698renunciation, 224repentance, 312–21

definition of, 312double aspect, 312–17

contrition, 312faith, 313–17

means of grace the means for, 318new obedience fruit of, 316work of God alone, 317–19

resistance, 50, 305, 483responsibility, 346, 514, 529, 540, 560, 580, 592, 735rest, 725restitution, 713Restoration, 706resurrection, 628, 673–83

"first", 673"time between" death and, 639metonymy for Christ himself, 673of Christ, 677of dead, 673–83

all dead will rise, 680–83ascribed to Christ, 681assured fact, 673both OT and NT teach, 674–76crowning act of Christ's salvation work, 681doctrine central to gospel message, 676judgment follows, 683–700, See also Judgment

Daywhole person restored, 676–80

bodies transformed, 678believers gain perfect body, 678unbelievers gain damned body, 679

to judgment, 636Reu, J. Michael

confusion of law and gospel, 155revelation. See inspirationReymond, Robert

assumes special call for elect, 307baptism in Jesus' name, 203formula of baptism, 203immediate working of Holy Spirit apart from

baptism, 210intrinsic power of the Word, 38

misunderstanding of baptism, 213on immersion, 197, 199once saved, always saved, 472prayer as means of grace, 55regeneration never lost, 326unbelieving communicants do not receive body and

blood, 267Rhegius, Urbanus

repentance has two parts, 316righteousness

of God, 693Riissen, Leonhard

breaking bread necessary, 275on real presence of Christ's body, 247sacraments not means of grace, 188virtue of Christ's death the heavenly element in

Lord's Supper, 253Roman Catechism

diluting wine with water in Eucharist, 246type of bread in Eucharist, 245typre of bread in Eucharist, 244

Roman Catholic teachingabsolute necessity of sacraments, 188any non-Christian can enter heaven, 739authority of the Church to interpret Scripture, 95baptism, 209–10

benefits of, 227John's baptism, 231

canon, 110–12church

apostolic succession, 520church is head of state, 531claims supreme authority, 543no salvation outside the Roman Catholic

Church, 519distinction of Old and New Testament sacraments,

185efficacy of sacraments depends on person

administering, 177–78faith, 17–21hell, 718infused grace, 43insists on seven sacraments, 172justification

infused grace, 363–64no assurance of salvation, 372process, 359, 383

limbo. SeeLord's Supper

as sacrificial meal, 235one kind, 276transubstantiation, 262unbloody sacrifice, 282–88

means of grace, 43–44ministry

authority of bishops, 594ordination

as a sacrament, 596confers indelible character, 596–97

three ranks of public ministry, 580one visible church body under visible head, 508–9opus operatum view of sacraments, 183

perfectionism, 426–30pope claims infallibility, 606–8, See also Antichristprayer to images, 445prayer to saints, 445proper distinction between law and gospel

annulled, 154purgatory, 645–48repentance, 319–21sanctification

part of process leading to justification, 399semi-pelagian in conversion, 343seven sacraments, 53tradition trumps Scripture, 99–103veneration and worship

doulia, 446hyperboulia, 446latria, 446

veneration and worship, 446view of Scripture, 119works of supererogation, 426, 429

Runia, KlaasBible becomes Word of God, 122

Russian Orthodoxy. See Eastern Orthodox teaching

S

Sabbath law, 159Sabellian, 204sacrament of confirmation. See Lord's Suppersacrament of initiation, 190, 204, 216, 225sacrament of the Altar. See Lord's Suppersacraments, 163–92, See also "baptism" and "Lord's

Supper""visible Word", 175administration entrusted to called ministers for

sake of order, 189–92are means of grace, 173–79as seals of a promise, 181best procedure for arriving at correct definition of,

172definition of, 163differ from Word in form only, 175faith required for beneficial reception of, 180–82faith the receiving organ of blessings of, 180–83impact on unbeliever, 180means of grace, 51

create and sustain saving faith, 173offer forgiveness of sin, 173

not absolutely necessary, 187–89not just mere signs, 176officiating minsters merely "stewards" of, 178reality of, 179–80Rome insists on seven, 172term not used in Scripture, 163three distinguishing characteristics of, 167–69

sacramentum, 164, 166, 167, 170sacrificial virtue, 252, 253saints, 661salvation, 620, 623

certainty of, 372–74man's salvation always aim of justification, 377–81matter of grace and faith alone, 434

sanctification, 387–464cooperation of Christian in, 403–4expectation of Christ's return shapes Christian's

life, 461–64fruit of the sacrament, 289incomplete, 621involves constant struggle with sinful nature, 404–

9comfort in struggle, 408–9flesh seeks to regain control, 406–8goal to exercise the virtues of the spirit, 407goal to put to death the flesh, 406

medicinal act, 396narrow sense, 389–90necessary characteristic of this life, 430–35never complete in this life, 422–26, 421–30produced and symbolized by baptism, 214relation to justification, 392–99

distinct from, 392–94flows from, 289justification and sanctification inseparable, 396justification precedes sanctification logically,

397result of, 392, 387–99

third use of law, 409–21wide sense, 387–92worked by Holy Spirit through means of grace,

399–404Christian may and must cooperate with Holy

Spirit, 403–4law of secondary importance, 401–3

Sanders, Johnnon-Christians can enter heaven, 740

Santana, Carlosprayer to angels, 446

Sasse, Hermannsacraments are ainticipations of future blessings,

55Satan

Beelzebub, 452, 500Belial, 448, 598binding of, 660loosing of, 662personal cause of death, 632

satisfactio vicaria, 381Scaer, David

Romanizing view of ordination, 597Schaff, Philip

leavened bread used in sacrament in early church, 244

papacy is Antichrist, 610Schaller, John

ministry, 564on confusion of worthy and unworthy reception,

292schismatics, 598Schleiermacher

on Roman Catholic sacraments, 172Schmalz (Socinian)

man cooperates in conversion, 343Schuetze, Armin

announcement for communion, 297

on fruit of the vine, 247on necessity of breaking bread and common cup,

275Schwärmer. See enthusiasmSchwartz, Hans (ELCA)

death annihilation, 631death is "natural", 632on hell, 705, 717

Scottish Confessionsymbolic union in sacrament, 261

Scripture. See Word of Godsecond coming. See advent, secondsecurity, carnal, 28, 619segregation, 289, 682self-deception, 398self-righteousness, 62, 488separation of church and state, 529–32

errors concerning, 531Seventh Day Adventists, 630, 631, 669, 704, 706shadows, 124, 241Shakespeare

death, 635signs, 654simul justus et peccator, 425sin

as separation, 1cause of death, 632–36curse of, 696deserves judgment, 704guilt of, 636sinful nature, 467

can cause Christian to be complacent, 467can cause Christian to be hostile or apathetic

toward God, 468can cause Christian to become unfaithful in

prayer life, 467can cause Christian to false sense of security,

468Christian's worst enemy, 471constant struggle with, 404–9hinders sanctification, 406Old Adam, 26, 147, 151, 158, 401, 429, 430

sin boldly, 426Sinai, 138, 264, 496, 727sinful flesh, 209, 690sleep, 628, 639Smalcald Articles

Of the Power and Jurisdiction of the Bishopsauthority of church, 523authority to excommunicate, 529keys given to church (two or three gathered in

my name), 535Of the Power and Primacy of the Pope

congregations, 534keys belong to the church, 522no divinely established heirarchy in church, 540Rome's teaching of church and state, 531

Part IIArt. I

justification central doctrine on which everything else depends, 375

Art. II

Lord's Supper, 232purgatory, 648

Art. II, IVPope is the very Antichrist, 614

Part IIIArt. I

merits separate from justification, 369Art. III

on once saved always saved, 472proclamation of law presupposes person's sinfulness, 319purgatory, 648

Art. IVbaptism offers grace of God, 211gospel communicated in many ways, 55

Art. IXexcommunication, 523

Art. Vpower of baptism in the Word, 212three distinguishing marks for sacrament,

169Art. VI

on concomitance, 253on one kind, 277sacramental union, 248three distinguishing marks for sacrament,

170Art. VII

church possesses keys, 521Art. VIII

enthusiasm, 41, 42God works only through means of grace, 42possible exception to means of grace?, 41

Art. XIIchurch is holy, 517

Tractateauthority to call, 591divine call, 593ordination, 595papacy is the Antichrist, 615Pope is the Antichrist, 605

Small Catechismbaptism as salvation, 206baptism signifies new life, 213definition of baptism, 199immersion, 196Lord's Supper called Sacrament of the Altar, 233power of baptism in the Word, 211sanctification, 391sanctification in broad sense, 388saving faith required for receiving blessings of

sacrament, 183Smalz

breaking bread necessary, 275social gospel, 414, 659society, 419, 504, 509, 515, 530, 620, 654, 659, 679Socinus, 20sola fide, 382sola gratia, 381, 473, 475soul

designed to function in union with body, 638immortal, 630

state of departed soul unknown, 638–42speculation, 476, 649spiritual being, 405spiritual blessings, 179, 183, 229, 290, 460, 483spiritual condition, 298, 625, 640

no change possible after death, 640spiritual death. See death:spiritualspiritual life. See life:spiritualspiritual nature. See spiritual beingsponsors, 223, 224sprinkling, 199, 200, 225, 387, 474, 480, 481, 482Sproul, R. C.

double predestination, 486on "once saved, always saved", 472

Stalin, 611state. See separation of church and statestate of humiliation, 254, 451Statement on the Antichrist, 615stewardship, 191Stoeckhardt

signs of end of world, 656subjective faith. See fides qua creditursubjective justification. See justification:subjectivesubstance, 54, 97, 134, 170, 248, 249, 255, 259, 260,

262, 266, 279, 310, 391, 402, 489, 490, 493, 521, 580, 609, 659, 677, 678, 679, 699

substitute, 254sufficiency of Scripture. See Word of God:sufficiency

ofSullivan, Francis A.

rank in public ministry, 580Sundberg, Walter

historical-critical method, 96Symbolum Apostolicum, 678syncretism, 554syncretists, 598synergistic teaching

ascribe perseverance of faith to man, 473intuitu fidei, 477law and gospel confused, 155means of grace, 50

synod, 537–39advisory authority over church, 539compared to local congregation, 537, 538definition, 537equals church, 537purpose of, 538scope of work, 538–39use of keys, 539

T

Tartarus, 646, 700, 702Taylor, Kenneth

virtue of Christ's death heavenly element in Lord's Supper, 253

Teigen, Bjarne W.moment of presence, 280

Temple, WilliamScripture not infallible, 120, 121

terminus a quo, 332, 356terminus ad quem, 314, 333, 356

Tertullianauthority of church, 535children have no need for baptism, 218opposed infant baptism, 221view of pre-millennialism, 659

Theological Dictionary of the New Testamenton the word "sacrament", 167use of μυστήριον, 164

theonomy, 659theophany, 727Thiele, Gilbert (LCMS)

death annihilation, 631This Blessed Fellowship (WELS tract), 555This We Believe

church, 537fellowship, 553headship principle in ministry, 582on moment of presence, 281pastoral office, 576public ministry, 569universal priesthood, 563various forms of ministry, 577

Thomas, Dylandeath, 635

Tillich, Paulinspiration, 87on Bible not as infallible truth, 64on faith, 22truth, 65view of Scripture, 118

time of grace. See graceTorgau Colloquy

faith follows contrition logically, not chronologically, 315

tradition, 82, 84, 96, 99, 100, 111, 123, 172, 190, 197, 199, 222, 246, 275, 645, 703

translations, 67, 68, 83, 559transubstantiation, 248, 249, 260, 262, 279, 280, 489tribulation, 380, 659, 669, 671, 730Tridentine Profession of Faith

pope is vicar of Christ, 606Trinity, 86, 166, 167, 200, 204, 214, 278, 399, 400,

612truth

conveyed through God's Word, 65God is fountain of, 61–69God's grace the ultimate reality of, 62God's Word identical with, 66

U

unbeliefcause of damnation, 637, 638, 715–16deserves damnation, 704spiritual condition of, 625

understanding, 622union

believer's union with God (mystic union), 489–94formed through means of grace by Holy Spirit,

490God lives in believer's hearts, 489God uses union to encourage believer, 491–93

not to be confused with other unionshypostatic union, 490pantheism or Eastern Orthodox mysticism,

490sacramental union, 490

result of justification, 493–94unionism, 554unionists, 598unity of faith, 294universal grace, 23Universalism, 506, 705universe, 98, 105, 309, 359, 566, 696, 697, 705, 706,

707destroyed at judgment, 697

usurp, 586, 599usus, 270

V

variant readings, 85, 86Vatican I

Church, 508on faith, 19on fides formata, 19pope vicar of Christ, 607

Vatican IIauthority of the Church to interpret Scripture, 94Church, 509claims supreme authority, 543mass an unbloody sacrifice, 282no salvation outside the Catholic Church, 519non-Christians can enter heaven, 740on fides formata, 20on the word "sacrament", 167one kind, 276Roman pontiff infallible, 607tradition trumps Scripture, 99

vicarious obedience and sacrifice of Christ, 324, 632, 634

Virgil, 646, 700, 702visible church. See church:external organizationvisio Dei, 726, 728visio mentalis, 726vocatio immediata, 587vocatio mediata, 590vocation. See call to salvation

W

wafer. See Lord's Supper:elements:visibleWalther

believers and the gospel, 381blessedness in believer and unbeliever, 380election, 483fellowship, 554gospel promise, 142ministry, 563office of ministry, 562on glorified state of Christ's body and blood, 255on prayer being meritorious, 56on type of bread in Lord's Supper, 244public ministry, 578sermon at opening of synod, 538

unbeliever and sin, 381universal priesthood, 582

water. See baptismwedding feast, 725Wegscheider, Julius

on eternal punishment, 706WELS Theses on Fellowship, 558Wernsdorf, Gottlieb

efficacy of the Word, 49Holy Spirit works through the Word, 50

Wesleyperfectionism, 426

Westminster Confessiondouble predestination, 476, 485non-elect cannot be saved, 44on visible church and faith, 21once saved, always saved, 471Pope is Antichrist, 616

Westminster Larger Catechismdefinition of sacrament, 176

wicked"sleep" of, 628

Wiley, H. Ortonon election, 477ordination, 596

willhuman will governed by faith, 16

Williams, J. Rodman"baptism in the Spirit", 210empties sacraments of God-given virtue, 176on immersion, 197preservation of faith work of man, 473renewal, 331

wine. See Lord's Supper:elements:visibleWingren, Gustaf

Bible becomes Word of God, 122Wisconsin Synod Proceedings

divine certainty of canon, 110Wood, J. A.

perfectionism, 426Word of God

as truth, 69causative authority, 87clarity of Scripture, 87–112contradictions—none, 85, 122, 387essence

external, 67internal, 67

forma, 69immutable, 124instrument of Holy Spirit, 114–18interpretation of, 90–96

allegorical approach, 92–93demythologizing, 95

materia, 13, 67, 69, 72may include symbols and the truth pondered in the

heart, 51means of grace, 162normative authority, 87produces regeneration, 53spoken word, 50sufficiency of, 96–103

textual criticism, 85translation of, 67–68two teachings law and gospel, 124–63two teachings Law and Gospel. See also "law" and

"gospel"works in supernatural and psychological manner,

118written word, 51θεοπνευστία, 67

worker-training, 548, 583works. See good worksworld

created for man, 696end of. See end of worldjudgment of, 693presently under curse, 696

Wright, G. ErnestBible as truth, 65

Z

zeal, 369, 370, 401, 405, 423, 624Zurich Consensus

denies real presence, 263Zwingli

empties sacraments of God-given virtue, 175Lord's Supper not means of grace, 288

Greek TermsΑ

ἂβυσσον, 701ἂρτος, 243αἰώνιος ζωη, 720ἀνάστασις, 673, 679ἀντιχριστος, 600ἀποστασία, 604ᾃδης, 644

Ββαπτίζω See baptismβασιλεία See Church

Γγένημα τῆς ἀμπέλου, 245

Δδιακονία, 559, 583δικαιοσύνη, 353δικαιοῦν, 349δικαίωμα, 351δικαίωσις, 353δόξα, 724

Εἐγείρω, 673ἐκκλησία See Churchεὐχαριστεῖν, 271

Θθάνατος, 703

Κκηρύσσειν, 23, 637κληρονομία, 724κοιμάομαι, 627κοινωνία, 232, 248, 257κυριακὸν δεῖπνον, 231

Μμετουσίαν, 249μυστήριον, 163, 164, 167

Ννόμος, 130

Οὂργανον ληπτικόν See faithὂργανον δοτικόν See gospelοὐρανὸς, 721οὐρανοὶ, 697, 721

Ππαράδεισος, 721πίστις, 6, 7, 19ποῦ damnatorum, 716

Σσυνεγείρω, 673συνουσίαν, 249σῶμα, 83, 239, 247, 256, 405,

678, 679σωτηρία, 723

Hebrew Terms

א65, 62, אמת

ב643, בור

מ642, מות233, מזבח130, משפטי

צ348, צדק

ש

700, 644, 643 ,שאול

ת130, תורה