Name_______________________________________ AP HG 3.6Date______________

CULTURAL PATTERNS - REL

Where are there conflicts between two religious groups?

DO NOW: Summarize the basis for the religious conflict in Ireland.

Why are there conflicts among religious groups?Religion vs. Religion

Two long-standing conflicts between religiousgroups are in Northern Ireland & the Middle East

Northern Ireland

o Northern Island = ______________________________ __________________________ Protestant:

___________________________________ Roman Catholic:

Middle Easto ____________________________________________ have fought for 2000 years control same

strip of land in the Eastern Mediterranean

Judaism makes a special claim to the territory it calls the ___________________________ Christians call Jerusalem the Holy City because of its connections to the

_________________

_______________________________________________, Islam was most widely practiced in the region (third holiest city

o To recapture the holy land from Muslims, European Christians launched a series of military campaigns known as ___________________________.

o Today, conflict is between _________________________________ and _________________________

Middle East – Religious Conflict over Palestine Ottoman Empire (______________________________) controlled the region of

Palestine

After WWII and the defeat of Ottoman Empire, UN asked __________________________ to watch over Palestine until it was ready for independence

Sir Arthur Balfour promoted the idea of creating a ________________________________ in Palestine while protecting the “rights of existing non-Jewish communities”

o ______________________________

In 1947 UN divided Palestine into a ___________ state & ______________ state of Israel

City of Jerusalem owned by neither side Fighting began immediately between the Israelis and Arab Muslims Lands fought over include the ______________ Strip and _____________ Peninsula

Conflict is especially intense over the city of _____________________________. Though some efforts at peace have been reached over the years, there is still

much conflict in the region between the two religion groups: _________________ &____________________.

Religions versus Religions

The land now called Palestine consists of Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. To Jews, their claim to the land dates back 3,000 years, when Jewish kings ruled the region from Jerusalem. The Jews have considered the land sacred for thousands of years, since Abraham was promised the land of Israel by God. Abraham’s descendents became the Jewish people and the kingdom of Israel emerged around 1000 BC.

To Palestinians, the land has belonged to them since most, but not all, Jews were driven out around AD 135. Islam spread into the region in the 7th century and quickly became the dominant religion. During the rule of Arabs, the Jewish nation had dispersed all around the world. They were not able to establish their own state and settled in different countries throughout the world. The global dispersion of Jews is called the Diaspora.

Which two groups considered claimed the land as theirs? Why did they each think this?

Define Diaspora:

During the late 19th and 20th centuries, a group of Jews began returning to the region their ancestors had fled long ago. They were known as Zionists, people who favored a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. At this time, Palestine was still ruled by the Ottoman Empire, ruled by Islamic Turks. After the defeat of the Ottomans in WWI, the League of Nations asked Britain to oversee Palestine until it was ready for independence.

By this time, the Jews had become an increasingly growing presence in Palestine and were already pressing for their own nation in the territory. The Arabs living in the region strongly opposed such a move. In a 1919 letter to Zionist leaders, British Foreign Secretary Sir Arthur Balfour promoted the idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine while protecting the “rights of existing non-Jewish communities” (Balfour Declaration).

Who are Zionists?

What was the Balfour Declaration?

At the end of WWII, the United Nations took action. In 1947, the UN voted to partition Palestine into an Arab Palestinian state and a Jewish state. Jerusalem was to be an international city owned by neither side. The terms of the partition gave Jews 55% of the area even though they made up only 34% of the population. All the Islamic countries voted against partition, and the Palestinians rejected it outright, arguing that the UN did not have the right to partition a territory without considering the wishes of the majority people. On May 14, 1948, the creation of an independent Israel for the Jews was announced.

What does partition mean?

What event of WWII might have led the UN to be so gracious towards the Jews?

What state was created for the Jews?

The day after Israel proclaimed a state, six Islamic states – Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria – invaded Israel. The state set aside for the Arabs never came into being, as Israel seized half the land in the fighting between 1948 and 1949.

Israel won three more wars with its neighbors, in 1956, 1967 and 1973. Especially important was the 1967 Six Day War, when Israel captured territory from its neighbors- Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula.

In a 1979 peace treaty, Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, and in return Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist. Egypt’s President Anwar Sadat, who negotiated the treaty with Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin, was assassinated by Egyptian soldiers who were extremist Muslims opposed to compromising with Israel.

What pieces of land are being fought over in Palestine?

Why did the Palestinian state never come into being?

Today, the fighting continues over who has the rightful rule of the holy land – the Palestinians or Israelis. The Palestinian fight against Israelis has been coordinated by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO who has pushed for the formation of an Arab Palestinian state that would include land claimed by Israel. Led by Yasir Arafat, this group carried out numerous terrorist attacks against Israel (guerilla fighters)

In 1994, with the Oslo Peace Accords, Israel agreed to grant Palestinians self rule in Gaza Strip and West Bank. However, the ultimate obstacle to comprehensive peace in the Middle East is the status of Jerusalem. As long as any one religion – Jewish, Muslim, or Christian, maintains exclusive political control over Jerusalem, the other religious groups will not be satisfied. But Israelis have no intention of giving up control of the Old City of Jerusalem, and Palestinians have no intention of giving up their right to see it.

What is the PLO?

Why has peace still not been achieved in the Middle East?

Palestine Liberation Organization Suez Canal Camp David Accords ZionistsUnited Nations Gaza Strip Yasir Arafat Jews Balfour Declaration Jerusalem Islamic States

RECAP: Use the word bank to complete the missing spaces below.

_______________ After being dispersed from the region, this group began returning to Palestine

________________These people favored a Jewish National Homeland in Palestine

_______________This document promoted the idea of a creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine

_______________This group voted to partition Palestine into an Arab Palestinian state & a Jewish state

_______________An international city to be owned by neither side

_______________ Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria are all considered this

_______________In a 1956 Arab-Israeli conflict, Egypt seized control of this, which was later taken back

_______________Push for the formation of an Arab Palestinian state

_______________ Chairman of the PLO, helped carry out numerous terrorist attacks against Israelis

_______________ First agreement between Israel and Arab country, organized by Jimmy Carter

_______________ Along with the West Bank, Israel agreed to grant Palestinians self rule in this territory in the Oslo Peace Accords