The International Research Foundation

for English Language Education

HUMOR IN LANGUAGE TEACHING, LEARNING, AND USE:

SELECTED REFERENCES

(Last updated 2 February 2021)

Adetunji, A. (2013). The interactional context of humor in Nigerian stand-up comedy. Pragmatics, 23(1), 1-22.

Alberts, J. K. (1990). The use of humor in managing couples’ conflict interactions. In D. D. Cahn (Ed.), Intimates in conflict: A communication perspective (pp. 105-120). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Antonopoulou, E., & Sifianou, M. (2003). Conversational dynamics of humour: The telephone game in Greek. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(5), 741-769.

Apte, M. L. (1985). Humor and laughter: An anthropological approach. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Archakis, A., Lampropoulou, S., Tsakona, V., & Tsami, V. (2014). Linguistic varieties in style: Humorous representations in Greek mass culture texts. Discourse, Context & Media, 3, 46-55.

Archakis, A., Tsakona, V. (2005). Analyzing conversational data in GTVH terms: A new approach to the issue of identity construction via humor. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 18(1), 41-68.

Archakis, A., & Tsakona, V. (2006). Script oppositions and humorous targets: Promoting values and constructing identities via humor in Greek conversational data. Stylistyka, 15, 119-134.

Attardo, S. (1997). The semantic foundations of cognitive theories of humor. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 4(10), 293 -347.

Attardo, S. (2008). A primer for the linguistics of humor. In V. Raskin (Ed.). The primer of humor research (pp. 101-155). Berlin, Germany: Mouton De Gruyter.

Attardo, S. (2010). Preface to special issue on working class humor. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 23(2), 21-126.

Attardo, S. (2012). Smiling, laughter, and humor. In P. Santangelo (Ed.), Laughing in Chinese (pp. 421-436). Rome, Italy: Aracne.

Attardo. S. (2015). Humor and laughter. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, & D. Schiffrin (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 168-188). Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell.

Attardo, S., Eisterhold, J., Hay, J., & Poggi, I. (2003). Multimodal markers of irony and sarcasm. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 16(2), 243-260.

Attardo, S., & Pickering, L. (2011). Timing in the performance of jokes. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 24(2), 233-250.

Attardo, S., Pickering, L., & Baker, A. (2011). Prosodic and multimodal markers of humor in conversation. Pragmatics & Cognition, 19(2), 224-247.

Attardo, S., Pickering, L., & Baker, A. (2013). Prosodic and multimodal markers of humor in conversation. In S. Attardo, M. Wagner & E. Urios-Aparisi (Eds.), Prosody & humor (pp. 224-247). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Attardo, S., Pickering, L., Lomotey, F., & Menjo, S. (2013). Multimodality in conversational humor. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 11(2), 400-414. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Attardo, S., Pickering, L., Lomotey, F., & Menjo, S. (2015). Multimodality in conversational humor. In M. Sanz (Ed.), Multimodality and cognitive linguistics (pp. 181-194). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Attardo, S., Wagner, M. M., & Urios-Aparisi, E. (Eds.). (2013). Prosody and humor. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Benjamins.

Bariaud, F. (1989). Age differences in children’s humor. In P. McGhee (Ed.), Humor and children’s development: A guide to practical applications (pp. 15-45). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.

Barsoux, J. (1993). Funny business: Humour, management and business culture. London, UK: Cassell.

Basso, K. H. (1979). Portraits of "The Whiteman": Linguistic play and cultural symbols among the Western Apache. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Bateson, G. (1955). A theory of play and fantasy: Approaches to the study of human personality. Psychiatric Research Reports, 2, 39-51.

Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.

Bauman, R. (1977). Verbal art as performance. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.

Beach, W. A., & Dunning, D. G. (1982). Pre-indexing and conversational organization. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 68(2), 170-185.

Bell, N. (2005). Exploring L2 language play as an aid to SLL: A case study of humour in NS-NNS interaction. Applied Linguistics, 26, 192-218.

Bell, N. (2006). Interactional adjustments in humorous intercultural communication. Intercultural Pragmatics, 3(1), 1-28.

Bell, N. (2007). Humor comprehension: Lessons learned from cross-cultural interaction. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 20(4), 367-387.

Bell, N. (2009). Impolite responses to failed humor. In D. Chiaro & N. Norrick (Eds.), Humor in interaction (pp. 143-163). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Bell, N. (2009). Responses to failed humor. Journal of Pragmatics, 41, 1825-1836.

Bell, N. (2011). Humor scholarship and TESOL: Applying findings and establishing a research agenda. TESOL Quarterly, 45(1), 134-159

Bell, N. (2012). Formulaic language, creativity, and language play in a second language. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 32, 189-205.

Bell, N. (2013). Responses to incomprehensible humor. Journal of Pragmatics, 57, 176-189.

Bell, N. (2015). We are not amused: Failed humor in interaction. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.

Bell, N., & Attardo, S. (2010). Failed humor: Issues in non-native speakers’ appreciation and understanding of humor. Intercultural Pragmatics, 7, 423-447.

Bell, N., & Pomerantz, A. (2014). Reconsidering language teaching through a focus on humor. Euro-American Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages, 1(1), 31-47.

Bell, N., & Pomerantz, A. (2015). Humor in the classroom: A guide for language teachers and educational researchers. New York, NY: Routledge.

Bell, N., Skalicky, S., & Salsbury, T. (2014). Multicompetence in L2 language play: A longitudinal case study. Language Learning, 64(1), 72-102.

Belz, J., & Reinhardt, J. (2004). Aspects of advanced foreign language proficiency: Internet-mediated German language play. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(3), 324-362.

Berk, R., & Nanda, J. (1998). Effects of jocular instructional methods on attitudes, anxiety, and achievement in statistics courses. Humor, 11(4), 383-409.

Belz, J., & Reinhardt, J. (2004). Aspects of advanced foreign language proficiency: Internet-mediated German language play. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(3), 324-362.

Berk, R., & Nanda, J. (1998). Effects of jocular instructional methods on attitudes, anxiety, and achievement in statistics courses. Humor, 11(4), 383-409.

Billig, M. (2005). Laughter and ridicule: Towards a social critique of humour. London, UK: Sage.

Blythe, J. (2012). From passing-gesture to ‘true’ romance: Kin-based teasing in Murriny Patha conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(4), 508-528.

Bongartz, C., & Schneider, M. L. (2003). Linguistic development in social contexts: A study of two brothers learning German. Modern Language Journal, 87, 13-37.

Bosworth, J., & Toller, T. N. (1898). An Anglo-Saxon dictionary. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Boxer, D., & Cortés-Conde, F. (1997). From bonding to biting: Conversational joking and identity display. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 275-294.

Bradney, P. (1957). The joking relationship in industry. Human Relations, 10(2), 179-187.

Bryant, G. A. (2011). Verbal irony in the wild. Pragmatics and Cognition, 19(2), 291-309.

Bryant, G. A., & Fox Tree, J. E. (2005). Is there an ironic tone of voice? Language and Speech, 48, 257-277.

Brown, P., & Levinson. S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U P.

Bucaria, C. (2004). Lexical and syntactic ambiguity as a source of humor: The case of newspaper headlines. Humor, 17, 279-309.

Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (2008). All of the above: New coalitions in sociocultural linguistics. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12(4), 401-431.

Burges, C., Van Mulken, M., & Schellens, P. J. (2013). The use of co-textual irony markers in written discourse. Humor, 26(1), 45-68.

Bushnell, C. (2008). 'Lego my keego!’ An analysis of language play in a beginning Japanese as a foreign language classroom. Applied Linguistics, 30(1), 49-69.

Butler, N. (2015). Joking aside: Theorizing laughter in organizations. Culture and Organization, 21(1), 42-58.

Carmichael, K. (2013). The performance of Cajun English in Boudreaux and Thibodeaux jokes. American Speech, 88(4), 377-412.

Carter, R. (2004). Language and creativity: The art of common talk. London, UK: Routledge.

Cekaite, A., & Aronsson, K. (2004). Repetition and joking in children’s second language conversations: Playful recyclings in an immersion classroom. Discourse Studies, 6(3), 373-392.

Cekaite, A., & Aronsson, K. (2005). Language play, a collaborative resource in children’s L2 learning. Applied Linguistics, 26(2), 169-191.

Cekaite, A., & Aronsson, K. (2014). Language play, peer group improvisations, and L2 learning. In A. Cekaite, S. Blum-Kulka, V. Grøver & E. Teubal (Eds.), Children’s peer talk: Learning from each other (pp. 194-213). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Chafe, W. (2001). Laughing while talking. In D. Tannen & J. E. Alatis (Eds.), Georgetown University Roundtable on Language and Linguistics 2001: Linguistics, language and the real world: Discourse and beyond (pp. 36-49). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Chafe, W. (2007). The importance of being earnest: The feeling behind laughter and humor. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Chun, E. (2009). Ideologies of legitimate mockery: Margaret Cho’s revoicings of mock Asian. In A. Reyes & A. Lo (Eds.). Beyond Yellow English: Towards a linguistic anthropology of Asian Pacific America (pp. 261-287). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Clasquin, M. (2001). Real buddhas don’t laugh: Attitudes towards humour and laughter in ancient India and China. Social Identities, 7(1), 97-116.

Clift, R. (1999). Irony in conversation. Language in Society, 28, 523-553.

Coates, J. (2007). Talk in a play frame: More on laughter and intimacy. Journal of Pragmatic, 39, 29-49.

Collinson, D. (2002). Managing humor. Journal of Management Studies, 39(3), 269 -289.

Cook, G. (1994). Language play in advertisements: Some implications for applied linguistics. In D. Graddol & J. Swann (Eds.), Evaluating language (BAAL studies in applied linguistics 9) (pp. 102-116). Clevedon, UK: British Association for Applied Linguistics in association with Multilingual Matters.

Cook, G. (1994). Repetition and knowing by heart: An aspect of intimate discourse. English Language Teaching Journal, 48(2), 133-142.

Cook, G. (1996). Language play in English. In J. Maybin & N. Mercer (Eds.), Using English: From conversation to canon (pp. 198-234). London, UK: Routledge with the Open University.

Cook, G. (1997). Language play, language learning. English Language Teaching Journal, 51(3), 224-231.

Cook, G. (2000). Language play, language learning. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Cooper, C. (2008). Elucidating the bonds of workplace humor: A relational process model. Human Relations, 61(8), 1087-1115.

Cortés-Conde, F., & Boxer, D. (2010). Humorous self-disclosures as resistance to socially imposed gender roles. Gender and Language, 4(1), 73-97.

Coser, R. L. (1960). Laughter among colleagues. Psychiatry, 23, 81-95.

Coupland, N. (1985). ‘Hark, hark, the lark’: Social motivations for phonological style-shifting. Language & Communication, 5(3), 153-171.

Crawford, M. (2003). Gender and humor in social context. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(9), 1413-1430.

Culpeper, J., & Haugh, M. (2014). Pragmatics and the English language. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Da Silva, E. (2014). Humor (re)positioning ethnolinguistic ideologies: “You tink is funny?” Language in Society, 44, 187-212.

Davies, C. E. (1984). Joint joking: Improvisational humorous episodes in conversation. In C. Brugman & M. McCauley (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (pp. 360-371). Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society.

Davies, C. E. (2003). How English learners joke with native speakers: An interactional sociolinguistic perspective on humor as collaborative discourse across cultures. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 1361-1385.

Davies, C. E. (2006). Gendered sense of humor as expressed through aesthetic typifications. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(1), 96-113.

Davies, C. E. (2010). Joking as boundary negotiation among “good old boys”: “White trash” as a social category at the bottom of the southern working class in Alabama. [Special issue] HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 23(2), 179-200.

Davies, C. (2015). Humor in intercultural interaction as both content and process in the classroom. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 28(3), 375-395.

Davies, J. C. H. (1982). Ethnic jokes, moral values and social boundaries. The British Journal of Sociology, 33(3), 383-403.

Decapua, A., & Boxer, D. (1999). Bragging, boasting and bravado: Male banter in a brokerage house. Women and Language, 22(1), 5-12.

Dewaele, J. (2005). Investigating the psychological and emotional dimensions in instructed language learning: Obstacles and possibilities. The Modern Language Journal, 89(3), 367-380.

Dienhart, J. M. (1999). A linguistic look at riddles. Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 95-125.

Douglas, M. (1968). The social control of cognition: Some factors in joke perception. Man, 3(3), 361-376.

Drew, P., & Holt, E. (1998). Figures of speech: Figurative expressions and the management of topic transition in conversation. Language in Society, 27, 495-522.

Dunbar, N. E., Banas, J. A., Rodriguez, D., Liu, S. J., & Abra, G. (2012). Humor use in power-differentiated interactions. Humor, 25, 469 -489.

Duncan, J. W., Smeltzer, L. R., & Leap, T. L. (1990). Humor and work: Applications of joking behaviour to management. Journal of Management, 16(2), 255 -279.

Dundes, A., Leach, J., & Özkök, B. (1972). The strategy of Turkish boys' verbal dueling rhymes. In J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics (pp. 130-160). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Duranti, A., & Goodwin, C. (1992). Rethinking context: Language as an interactive phenomenon. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Dynel, M. (2012). Setting our house in order: The workings of impoliteness in multi-party film discourse. Journal of Politeness Research, 8, 161-194.

Dynel, M. (2014). Isn’t it ironic? Defining the scope of (non)humorous irony. Humor, 27(4), 619-640.

Eckert, P. (1997). Gender and sociolinguistic variation. In J. Coates (Ed.), Readings in language and gender (pp. 57-66). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

Eckert, P. (2012). Three waves of variation study: The emergence of meaning in the study of variation. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41, 87-100.

Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (1992). Communities of practice: Where language, gender, and power all live. In K. Hall, M. Bucholtz, & B. Moonwomon, (Eds.), Locating Power, proceedings of the 1992 Berkeley Women and Language Conference (pp. 89-99). Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Women and Language Group.

Eckert, P., & Rickford, J. (2001). Style and sociolinguistic variation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Eisterhold, J., Attardo, S., & Boxer, D. (2006). Reactions to irony in discourse: Evidence for the least disruption principle. Journal of Pragmatics, 38, 1239-1256.

Ervin-Tripp, S. M. (2001). Variety, style-shifting, and ideology. In P. Eckert & J. Rickford (Eds.), Style and sociolinguistic variation (pp. 44-56). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Ervin-Tripp, S. M., & Lampert, M. D. (1992). Gender differences in the construction of humorous talk. In K. Hall, M. Buchholtz, & B. Moonwomon (Eds.), Locating Power: Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Women and Language Conference (pp. 108–117). Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Women and Language Group.

Ervin-Tripp, S. M., & Lampert, M. D. (2009). The occasioning of self-disclosure humor. In N. R. Norrick & D. Chiaro (Eds.), Humor in interaction (pp. 3-28). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Ervin-Tripp, S. M., Lampert, M., Escalera, E., & Reyes, I. (2004). It was hecka funny: Some features of children's conversational development. Texas Linguistic Forum (proceedings of the twelfth Annual Symposium About Language and Society [SALSA]), 48, 1-16. Austin, TX.

Everts, E. (2003). Identifying a particular family humor style: A sociolinguistic discourse analysis. Humor, 16(4), 369-412.

Fatigante, M., & Orletti, F. (2013). Laughter and smiling in a three-party medical encounter: Negotiating participants’ alignment in delicate moments. In P. Glenn & E. Holt (Eds.), Studies of laughter in interaction (pp. 161-183). London, UK: Bloomsbury.

Fatt, J. (1998). Why do we laugh? Communication World, 15(9), 12.

Filippova, E., & Astington, J. W. (2008). Further development in social reasoning revealed in discourse irony understanding. Child Development, 79, 126-138.

Fine, G. A. (1983). Sociological approaches to the study of humor. In P. McGhee & J. Goldstein (Eds.), Handbook of humor research (pp. 159-181). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Fine, G. A., & De Soucey, M. (2005). Joking cultures: Humor themes as social regulation in group life. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 18(1), 122.

Forabosco, G. (2014). Cognitive aspects. In S. Attardo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of humor studies, (Vol. 1, pp. 135-138). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Ford, C. E., & Fox, B. A. (2010). Multiple practices for constructing laughables. In D. Barth-Weingarten, E. Reber & M. Selting (Eds.). Prosody in interaction (pp. 339-368), Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Ford, T. (2015). The social consequences of disparagement humor. Humor, 28(2), 79-84.

Ford, T., Ford, B., Boxer, C., & Armstrong, J. (2012). Effect of humor on state anxiety and math performance. Humor, 25(1), 59-74.

Forman, R. (2011). Humorous language play in a Thai EFL classroom. Applied Linguistics, 32(5), 541-565.

Freud, S. (1905) [1960]. Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. New York, NY: Norton.

Friedman, S., & Kuipers, G. (2103). The divisive power of humor: Comedy, taste and symbolic boundaries. Cultural Sociology, 7(2), 179-195.

Fry, W. F., Jr. (1963). Sweet madness: A study of humor. Palo Alto, CA: Pacific Books.

Frymier, A. B., Wanzer, M. B., & Wojtaszczyk, A. M. (2008). Assessing students’ perceptions of inappropriate and appropriate teacher humor. Communication Education, 57, 266-288.

Garde, M. (2008). The pragmatics of rude jokes with Grandad: Joking relationships in Aboriginal Australia. Anthropological Forum, 18(3), 235-253.

Gardner, S. (2008). Transforming talk and phonics practice: Or, how do crabs clap? TESOL Quarterly, 42(2), 261-284.

Gibbs, R. W. Jr. (2000). Irony in talk among friends. Metaphor & Symbol, 15, 5-27.

Gibbs, R. W. (2012). Are ironic acts deliberate? Journal of Pragmatics, 44, 104-115.

Gibbs, R. W., Bryant, G., & Colston, H. (2014). Where is the humor in verbal irony? Humor, 27(4), 575-596.

Giora, R. (2003). On our mind: Salience, context, and figurative language. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Gironzetti, E., Attardo, S., & Pickering, L. (2019). Smiling and the negotiation of humor in conversation. Discourse Processes, 56(7), 496–512. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Gironzetti, E., Pickering, L., Huang, M., Jing, Y., Menjo, S., & Attardo, S. (2016). Smiling synchronicity and gaze patterns in dyadic humorous conversations. Humor, 29, 301–324. DOI 10.1515/humor-2016-0005

Glenn, P. (2003). Laughter in interaction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Glenn, P., & Holt, E. (2013). Studies of laughter in interaction. London, UK: Bloomsbury.

Goodwin, C., & Goodwin, M. H. (2004). Participation. In A. Duranti (Ed.), A companion to linguistic anthropology (pp. 222-244). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Gordon, C. (2008). A(p)parent play: Blending frames and reframing in family talk. Language in Society, 37(3), 319-349.

Gournelos, T., & Green, V. (2011). A decade of dark humor: How comedy, irony and satire shaped post-9/11 America. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.

Grainger, K. (2004). Verbal play on the hospital ward: Solidarity or power? Multilingua, 23, 39-60.

Greatbatch, D., & Clark, T. (2003). Displaying group cohesiveness: Humor and laughter in the public lectures of management gurus. Human Relations, 56(12), 1515-1544.

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging influences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 191-215). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

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Gumperz, J. (1999). On interactional sociolinguistic method. In S. Sarangi & C. Roberts (Eds.), Talk, work and institutional order: Discourse in medical, mediation and management settings (pp. 453-471). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter.

Haakana, M. (2002). Laughter in medical interaction: From quantification to analysis and back. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6(2), 207-235.

Haakana, M. (2012). Laughter in conversation: The case of “fake” laughter. In A. Peräkylä & M. Sorjonen (Eds.), Emotion in interaction (pp. 174-194). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Haakana, M., & Sorjonen M. L. (2011). Invoking another context: Playfulness in buying lottery tickets at convenience stores. Journal of Pragmatics, 43, 1288-1302.

Habib, R. (2008). Humor and disagreement: Identity construction and cross-cultural enrichment. Journal of Pragmatics, 40, 1117-1145.

Harder, P. (1980). Discourse as selfexpression: On the reduced personality of the second language learner. Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 262270.

Handelman, D., & Kapferer, B. (1972). Forms of joking activity: A comparative approach. American Anthropologist, 74, 484-517.

Hatch, M. J., & Ehrlich, S. B. (1993). Spontaneous humour as an indicator of paradox and ambiguity in organizations. Organization Studies, 14(4), 505 -526.

Haugh, M. (2010). Jocular mockery, (dis)affiliation, and face. Journal of Pragmatics, 42, 2106-2119.

Haugh, M. (2011). Humour, face and im/politeness in getting acquainted. In B. Davies, M. Haugh & A. Merrison (Eds.), Situated politeness (pp. 165-184). London, UK: Continuum.

Haugh, M. (2013). Disentangling face, facework and im/politeness. Sociocultural Pragmatics, 1, 46-73.

Haugh, M. (2014). Jocular mockery as interactional practice in everyday Anglo-Australian conversation. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 34(1), 76-99.

Haugh, M. (2015). Im/politeness implicatures. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.

Haugh, M., & Bousfield. D. (2012). Mock impoliteness, jocular mockery and jocular abuse in Australian and British English. Journal of Pragmatics, 44, 1099-1114.

Hay, J. (1994). Jocular abuse in mixed-group interaction. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics, 6, 26–55.

Hay, J. (1996). No laughing matter: Gender and humour support strategies. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics, 8, 1-24.

Hay, J. (2000). Functions of humor in the conversations of women and men. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 709-742.

Hay, J. (2001). The pragmatics of humor support. Humor, 14(1), 55-82.

Heinemann, T. (2009). Managing unavoidable conflicts in caretaking of the elderly: Humor as a mitigating resource. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 200, 103-127.

Higgins, C. (2007). Shifting tactics of intersubjectivity to align indexicalities: A case of joking around in Swahinglish. Language in Society, 36, 1-24.

Hobbes, T. (1640). Hobbes tripos in three discourses: Human nature. In W. S. Molesworth (Ed.), The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (Vol. 4, pp. 183 -945). London, UK: John Bohn.

Holmes, J. (2000). Politeness, power and provocation: How humour functions in the workplace. Discourse Studies, 2(2), 159-185.

Holmes J. (2001). Implications and applications of research on workplace communication: A research report. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 7, 89-98.

Holmes, J. (2006). Sharing a laugh: Pragmatic aspects of humor and gender in the workplace. Journal of Pragmatics, 38, 26–50.

Holmes, J. (2009). Humour, power and gender in the workplace. In N. Coupland & A. Jaworski (Eds.), The new sociolinguistics reader (pp. 631-645). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Holmes, J., & Hay, J. (1997). Humour as an ethnic boundary marker in New Zealand interaction. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 18(2), 127-151.

Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2002a). Having a laugh at work: How humour contributes to workplace culture. Journal of Pragmatics, 34(12), 1683 -1710.

Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2002b). Over the edge? Subversive humor between colleagues and friends. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 15(1), 65 -87.

Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2004). Relational practice in the workplace: Women's talk or gendered discourse? Language in society, 3, 377-398.

Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2006). Humor and leadership style. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 19(2), 119-138.

Holmes, J., Marra, M., & Burns, L. (2001). Women’s humour in the workplace. A quantitative analysis. Australian Journal of Communication, 28(1), 83 -108.

Holmes, J., & Schnurr, S. (2005). Politeness, humor and gender in the workplace: Negotiating norms and identifying contestation. Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture, 1, 121-149.

Holmes, J., & Stubbe, M. (2003). Power and politeness in the workplace: A sociolinguistic analysis of talk at work. London, UK: Longman.

Holmes, J., Stubbe, M., & Marra, M. (2003). Language, humour and ethnic identity marking in New Zealand English. In C. Mair (Ed.), The politics of English as a world language. New horizons in postcolonial cultural studies. Cross/cultures 65. ANSEL Papers 7 (pp. 431-455). Amseterdam, Netherlands: Rodopi.

Holt, E. (2010). The last laugh: Shared laughter and topic termination. Journal of Pragmatics, 2, 1513-1525.

Holt, E. (2011). On the nature of 'laughables': Laughter as a response to overdone figurative phrases. Pragmatics, 21(3), 393-410.

Holt, E. (2012). Using laugh responses to defuse complaints. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45(4), 430-448.

Holt, E. (2013). ‘There’s many a true word said in jest’: Seriousness and non-seriousness in interaction. In P. Glenn, & E. Holt (Eds.), Studies of laughter in interaction (pp. 69-90). London, UK: Bloomsbury.

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