iGCSE 4B Part 1 Energy Transfers & Efficiency

Practice Exam Questions

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Overall Comment

Questions…

Q1.The appliances shown below transfer electrical energy to other types of energy.

S I made a silly slip

K I just did not know the science

R I misread the question

E My writing was not clear/ detailed

A I did not apply the knowledge

M I applied the maths incorrectly

 

(a)     The vacuum cleaner is designed to transfer electrical energy to kinetic energy.

Three more of the appliances are also designed to transfer electrical energy to kinetic energy. Which three?

Draw a ring around each correct appliance.3

(b)     Which two of the following statements are true?

Tick ( ) two boxes. 

Appliances only transfer part of the energy usefully.

The energy transferred by appliances will be destroyed.

The energy transferred by appliances makes the surroundings warmer.

The energy output from an appliance is bigger than the energy input.

(2)(Total 5 marks)

Q2.The diagram shows a small-scale, micro-hydroelectricity generator which uses the energy of falling river water to generate electricity. The water causes a device, called an Archimedean screw, to rotate.The Archimedean screw is linked to the generator by a gearbox.

 

(a)     Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct word in the box.

The gravitational potential energy of the falling water is transformed 

  chemical  

into the electrical energy of the Archimedean screw.

  kinetic  

(1)

(b)     A micro-hydroelectric system generates about 60 kW of electricity, enough for 50 homes. A conventional large-scale hydroelectric power station may generate more than 5 000 000 kW of electricity.

(i)      Give one advantage of a conventional large-scale hydroelectric power station compared to a micro-hydroelectric system.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     Which one of the following statements gives a disadvantage of a conventional large-scale hydroelectric power station compared to a micro–hydroelectric system?

Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your answer. 

Energy is wasted as heat and sound.

 

 

Large areas of land are flooded. 

 

A constant flow of water is needed. 

(1)

(c)     The electricity generated by the micro-hydroelectric system is transferred directly to local homes. The electricity generated by a conventional large-scale hydroelectric power station is transferred to homes anywhere in the country through a system of cables and transformers.

(i)      What name is given to the system of cables and transformers used to transfer electricity to homes anywhere in the country?

_______________________________________(1)

(ii)     Using short cables to transfer electricity to local homes is much more efficient than using very long cables to transfer electricity to homes anywhere in the country.

Why?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(d)     Nepal is a mountainous country with over 6000 rivers. In Nepal, 9000 kW of electricity are generated using micro-hydroelectric generators.

Suggest one reason why in the UK much less electricity is generated using micro-hydroelectric generators, than in Nepal.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q3.The image shows a man using a leaf blower to move some leaves.

 

The leaf blower is powered by an electric motor connected to a battery.

(a)     Energy transfers take place when the leaf blower is being used.

Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence. 

chemical electrical kinetic nuclear sound

The battery stores _____________________ energy which is transferred into electrical energy.

The electric motor transfers electrical energy usefully into _____________________ energy.

The motor wastes energy as _____________________ energy and as energy that heats the surroundings.

(3)

(b)     The total power input to the leaf blower is 750 W.The useful power output of the leaf blower is 360 W.

Calculate the efficiency of the leaf blower.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Efficiency = _________________(2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q4.The picture shows a solar-powered aircraft. The aircraft has no pilot.

                              Photo by NASA.

(a)     On a summer day, 175 000 joules of energy are supplied to the aircraft’s solar cells every second. The useful energy transferred by the solar cells is 35 000 joules every second.

(i)      Use the equation in the box to calculate the efficiency of the solar cells. 

 

         Show clearly how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Efficiency = _______________________________(2)

(ii)     What happens to the energy that is not usefully transferred by the solar cells?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(b)     The aircraft propellers are driven by electric motors. As well as the solar cells, there are fuel cells that provide additional power to the electric motors.

(i)      Suggest one advantage of the aircraft having fuel cells as well as the solar cells.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     Give one environmental advantage of using electric motors to drive the aircraft

propellers rather than motors that burn a fuel.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii)     Eventually, the designers want to produce an unmanned aircraft that can fly at twice the height of a passenger jet for up to six months.

         Suggest one possible use for an aircraft such as this.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q5.A person uses a stairlift to go upstairs. The stairlift is powered by an electric motor.

 

The Sankey diagram shows the energy transfers for the electric motor.

 

(a)     Complete the following sentence.

The electric motor wastes energy as _______________________ energy.(1)

(b)     Use the equation in the box to calculate the efficiency of the electric motor.

 

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Efficiency = _______________________(2)

(Total 3 marks)

Q6.Complete the boxes on the chart to show what happens to the energy from the Sun.

 (Total 3 marks)

Q7.A gas burner is used to heat some water in a pan.

 

Of the energy released by the burning gas by the time the water starts to boil:

60% has been transferred to the water.

20% has been transferred to the surrounding air.

13% has been transferred to the pan.

7% has been transferred to the gas burner itself.

(a)     Use the above information to complete the pie-chart.

 (3)

(b)     Some of the energy released by the burning gas is wasted.

(i)      What happens to this wasted energy?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(ii)     What percentage (%) of the energy from the gas is wasted? Answer: _____ %(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q8.(a)     The diagram shows a solar powered device being used to recharge a mobile phone.

 

On average, the solar cells produce 0.6 joules of electrical energy each second.The solar cells have an efficiency of 0.15.

(i)     Calculate the average energy input each second to the device.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Average energy input each second = __________________ J/s(2)

(ii)     Draw a labelled Sankey diagram for the solar cells.The diagram does not need to be drawn to scale.

 

 

 

 

 (1)

(b)     Scientists have developed a new type of solar cell with an efficiency of over 40 %.The efficiency of the solar cell was confirmed independently by other scientists.

Suggest why it was important to confirm the efficiency independently.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     The electricity used in homes in the UK is normally generated in a fossil fuel power station.

Outline some of the advantages of using solar cells to generate this electricity.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q9.The table gives data about two types of low energy bulb.

 

Type of bulb Power inputin watts

Efficiency Lifetimein hours

Cost ofone bulb

Compact FluorescentLamp (CFL) 8 20% 10 000 £3.10

Light Emitting Diode(LED) 5   50 000 £29.85

(a)     Both types of bulb produce the same useful power output.

(i)      Calculate the useful power output of the CFL.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Useful power output = _________________________ W(2)

(ii)     Calculate the efficiency of the LED bulb.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Efficiency = ___________________________(1)

(b)     LED bulbs are expensive. This is because of the large number of individual electronic LED chips needed to produce sufficient light from each bulb.

(i)      Use the data in the table to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an LED bulb compared to a CFL.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(ii)     Scientists are developing brighter and more efficient LED chips than those currently used in LED bulbs.

Suggest one benefit of developing brighter and more efficient LED chips.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 6 marks)

iGCSE

Mark schemes

Q1.(a)     fan

1

drill1

washing machinefour circled including correct three scores 1 markfive circled scores zero

1

(b)      Appliances only transfer part of the energy usefully1

The energy transferred by appliances makes the surroundings warmer1

[5] 

Q2.(a)     kinetic

1

(b)     (i)      generates a lot more energy / electricity / powerneed fewer conventional large-scale hydroelectric powerstations is neutral

or

can supply (energy / electricity / power) to more homes1

(ii)     Large areas of land are flooded.1

(c)     (i)      National Gridthis answer only

1

(ii)     less energy / heat loss (from the cables)accept wasted for lossaccept answers in terms of fewer transformers neededdo not accept less electricity lost / wasteddo not accept no energy lost

1

(d)     any one from:

•        fewer rivers (suitable for generators)

•        less mountainous (so rivers fall smaller distances)accept answers in terms of difficulty linking villages and towns to

1

iGCSEgrid (in Nepal)accept answers in terms of more isolated communitiesaccept answers in terms of UK having more resources for large-scale power stations

1[6]

Q3.(a)      chemical

correct order only1

kinetic1

sound1

(b)     48% or 0.48an answer of 0.48 with a unit gains 1 markan answer of 0.48% gains 1 markan answer of 48 with or without a unit gains 1 mark

2[5]

Q4.(a)     (i)      0.2 or 1/5

accept 20% for both marksallow 1 mark for correct substitution answer of 0.2%or 20 gains 1 markignore units

2

(ii)     wastedaccept transformed to heat / other formsaccept transferred to the air / surroundings sound = neutral

1

(b)     (i)      any one from:

•        can fly at nightaccept can fly when it is cloudyaccept as a back-up

•        can stay in the air for longer

•        can fly in the winter

•        can fly fasterincreases power is neutral

1

(ii)     any one from:

•        produces no (pollutant) gases

2

iGCSEor no greenhouse gases

accept named gasaccept no air pollutiondo not accept no pollutionaccept less global warmingaccept harmful for pollutantaccept produces no carbondo not accept environmentally friendly

•        produces no / less noise

•        less demand for fuelsaccept any other sensible environmental advantage

1

(iii)     accept any sensible suggestion eg, map the Earth’s surface / weather forecasting / spying / monitoring changes to the Earth’s atmosphere, etc

do not accept ideas in terms of transportingaccept use as a satellite

1[6]

Q5.(a)     heat / thermal

or / andsound

do not accept noiseother forms of energy eg light negates answer

1

(b)     0.4or40 %

allow 1 mark for orequivalent fractionan answer 0.4 % gains 1 markanswers 0.4 or 40 given with any unit gains 1 mark40 without % gains 1 mark

2[3]

Q6. 

3

iGCSE

 each for 1 markallow ‘error carried forward' to the last box’

[3]

Q7.(a)     60% sector correct

other two sectors closer to 13:7 than 12:8 or 14:6sectors correctly labelled (w.r.t rank order of size)

each for 1 mark3

(b)     (i)      ideas that wasted energyis transferred to     surrounding air                             pan                             stoveis converted to another/correctly named energy form

any 2 for 1 mark each2

(ii)     40for 1 mark

1[6]

Q8.(a)      (i)     4

allow 1 mark for correct transformation and substitution

ie substitution only scores if no subsequent steps are shown

2

(ii)     diagram showing two output arrows with one arrow widerthan the other with the narrower arrow labelledelectrical / electricity / useful

1

(b)     any one from:

•        to check reliability / validity / accuracy

4

iGCSE•        to avoid bias

1

(c)     any two from:

•        produce no / less (air) pollutionaccept named pollutantaccept produces no waste (gases)

•        energy is freeaccept it is a free resourcedo not accept it is free

•        (energy) is renewable

•        conserves fossil fuel stocks

•        can be used in remote areas

•        do not need to connect to the National Grid2

[6]

Q9.

(a)     (i)         

1.6 (W)

allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 2

(ii)     

32 (%) / 0.32ortheir (a)(i) ÷ 5 correctly calculated

ignore any units1

(b)     (i)       any two from:

•        comparison over same period of time of relative numbers of bulbs required eg over 50 000 hours 5 CFL’s required to 1 LEDaccept an LED lasts 5 times longer

•        link number of bulbs to cost eg 5 CFL’s cheaper than 1 LEDan answer in terms of over a period of 50 000 hours CFLs cost £15.50 (to buy), LED costs £29.85 (to buy) so CFLs are cheaper scores both marksan answer in terms of the cost per hour (of lifetime) being cheaper for CFL scores 1 mark if then correctly calculated scores both marks

5

iGCSE•        over the same period of time LEDs cost less to operate (than CFLs)

2

(ii)     any one from:

•        price of LED bulbs will dropdo not accept they become cheaper

•        less electricity needs to be generatedaccept we will use less electricity

•        less CO2 produced

•        fewer chips needed (for each LED bulb)

•        fewer bulbs required (for same brightness / light)

•        less energy wasteddo not accept electricity for energy

1[6]

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