51st ICASC meeting minutesAthens Ohio

March 19th – 21st, 2019

ICASC Members PresentJoseph Doubleday, Chairman joe.doubleday@gmail.comOnorio Rocca, Vice Chairman onorio@rmsinst.comLarryBrady lbrady@airfield.comSileno Goedicke sileno.godicke@enav.itDavid Powell jdpowell@Stanford.eduMichael Spanner Mike.SPANNER@nats.co.ukTom Wede t.wede@gmx.deKonstantin Bashkirov bashkirov@aero.gkoud.ruMike Dibenedetto dibenede@ohio. eduDarko Rascanin darko.rascanin@smatsa. rsFlorence Jacolot florence. jacolot@aviation-civile.gouv.frFrank Buffon frank.buffon@safrangroup.com Sigurd Bjelkaroey Sab@nsm.aero Christo van Stratten vanstraatenc@caa.co.zaFloyd Badsky Floyd.A.Badsky@faa.gov

Executive SecretariatRick Wild Frederick.e.wild-jr@faa.gov

ICASC members absent

Egon Koopmann Egon.koopmann@dfs.deFrank Musmann musmann@aerodata.dePeter Thirkettle peter.thirkettle@nats.co.ukIvan Ferencz ivan.ferencz@gmail.comFabrizio Maracich Fabrizio.maracich@enav.itAsbjorn Madsen as-mad@online.noLiu Tong liut@chinacfi.net

GuestMr.Hisashi Takahashi takahashi-h2th@mlit.go.jpWilliam Selebogo selebogow@caa.co.za

1. Opening remarks Joe Doubleday

2. Member Updates

Dave Powell

Stanford continues to support the FAA on SBAS/WAAS, GBAS, GPS backup planning, and the use of UAVs for RFI localization. Most of the effort is aimed at long term evolution of navigation capabilities. However, it may be of interest to report that there are now approximately 3970 satellite-based LPV public approaches in the U.S. serving 1931 airports. 1164 of these are at non-ILS airports. Canada had 398 LPV approaches published by the end of 2018, while Europe had about the same number. See: https://egnos-user-support.essp-sas.eu/new_egnos_ops/resources-tools/lpv-procedures-map. Ground-based GNSS approaches are being implemented more slowly. More detail on GNSS progress is reported by the FAA’s SatNav News available at: www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/library/satnav/

We are continuing the work on the use of UAVs to quickly isolate sources of interference. Adrien Perkins gave a paper on his work at the Monterey IFIS and will be wrapping up his project in the near future. We also have a student working on the identification of spoofing signals by determining their angles of arrival. When all the satellite signals come from the same direction, one can conclude they came from “unauthorized” (ie a BAD Guy) source, and should be ignored. Much of the work in the GPS Lab is currently centered on the security of the system. The use of encrypted signals are being researched. It’s not easy to introduce encryption and have a system that’s easy to work with for pilots and avionics manufacturers. No decision to implement such a system has been made to date.

Sadly, the director of the GPS Lab, Prof. Per Enge, passed away on April 22, 2018, two days after the 2018 IFIS. Per was the financial chair for that IFIS. We are now in the process of appointing Dr. Todd Walter as a Professor and he will be become the official Lab Director once that process is complete. In the interim period, I have taken on the PI and student advising roles for the Lab. For more details about Per Enge, see: https://news.stanford.edu/2018/04/26/aero-astro-professor-per-enge-expert-in-gps-dies-at-64/

Floyd A. Badsky

Development and deployment of the FAA NextGen Automated Flight Inspection System (NAFIS) in 2017 provided the FAA Flight Program with a comprehensive Flight Inspection System (FIS) using modern technology. This system replaced the 1980s system architecture which was the world’s first automated FIS. The FAA’s NAFIS system is managed with the Flight Inspection Airborne Professor Application (FIAPA) and entirely developed and maintained by FAA subject matter experts.

NAFIS Phase II with FIAPA Version 1.2 is now the workhorse of the FAA Flight Program’s flight inspection mission. This version pioneered many firsts in flight inspection systems including data synchronization techniques, variety of position reference systems (PRS), intuitive graphical interface system, ingestion of RNAV custom data, and hundreds of improvements over the previous system. In addition, FIAPA is the first system to make objective RNAV approach flight validations by conducting runway surveys on the flight inspection low approach. In addition, FIAPA is the first software to make dynamic measurement uncertainties based on measured PRS conditions on each inspection.

FIAPA Version 2 deploying June 2019 includes automation of flight inspection reports, numerous improvements to RNAV approach reporting, and the first known normalization of signal strength data in 3 dimensions + frequency. FIAPA version 2 also includes the first known objective RNAV approach flight validation for Helicopter approach procedures. FIAPA Version 2 will also include a special mode for a portable VOR/DME inspection package for Beechcraft C90s, cockpit screens designed specifically for pilots, compatibility with legacy flight inspection data previously collected, and further development for improved RFI DF techniques.

Planned for deployment in Dec 2021 is NAFIS Phase III with FIAPA Version 3. This system will include a nearly complete set of new hardware and turnkey installation into new turboprop and jet aircraft as we haveplans to replace all but the newest Challenger aircraft. When deployed this system will not only be the international state-of-the-art inspection system but will be an ideal platform for advanced Research & Development.

The FAA Flight Program is also well underway in utilizing UAS to augment flight inspections:- Oklahoma State University (OSU) using UAS to calibrate manned inspection aircraft signal strength- Stanford project for RFI DF on GNSS interference- University of Oklahoma project to develop a lightweight VOR/ILS receiver- OSU project to survey all of ILS Zone 3 with high fidelity

Mike Spanner

NATS is coordinating updates to DOC 8071 Vol II GBAS Chapter via EUROCAE WG28 and ICASC, with an aim to present a combined paper on this subject at the next NSP meeting (April 2019). Work continues on the update of ED114B, GBAS ground MOPS via WG28, with the new document about to go out for Open Consultation.

Whilst still managing the NATS Flight Inspection contract, NATS is evaluating Drone options as an enabler to increase the periodicity of flight inspections, whilst at the same time (and for the same cost) allowing for more detailed technical data on ILSs to be collated. This will greatly improve long term stability analysis of the ILS system and shorter time for restoration to service following a fault.

A recent Drone event in the UK, where one was flown at an international airport, caused a response from the UK military. The system deployed transmitted on a frequency above the DME band, however inadvertently caused a local DME to have reduced performance.

Mike Dibenedetto

Under the sponsorship of FAA Navigation Programs, I am supporting system safety and requirements verification activities for the FAA’s DME, VOR and TACAN sustainment program (aka the DVT program). Current efforts include the development of DVT Program Safety Plan and Operation Safety Assessment documents.

Under the sponsorship of FAA Certification and Training, I led a team of five Avionics Engineering Center (AEC) experts that provided technical support for the modernization of FAA workforce training courses for Antenna and Transmission Lines, Navigation, Radar, and ILS concepts. This project was brought to a successful conclusion in February by producing four analysis reports and four course design guides. These guides recommend new course formats and delivery strategies, note where more engaging graphics and interactive simulations can be used to enhance the student’s learning experience, improve student comprehension of the course material, as well as outlined new distance learning training modalities.

Ongoing activities within AEC include verifying and/or updating VGLS standards; performing ILS site feasibility studies and site optimization flight tests; supporting the RTCA SC-159 effort to characterize the effects on inertial system accuracy, during GNSS service outages, due to existing limitations in modeling gravitational field deviations; improving UAS autonomous navigation and remote sensing capabilities; and, conducting CubSat research using a prototype platform and ground antenna satellite tracking system. A specially equipped AEC aircraft successfully participated in 2019 Nav Fest, which is a large scale, multi-aircraft, GPS jamming (spoofing) test event.

Christo D Van Straaten

It is business as usual actively providing services to Namibia, Botswana Zimbabwe, Mozambique. The unit also provided support services to Reunion and Seychelles when ASECNA could not fulfill their obligations due to aircraft problems, these problems are now resolved and ASECNA is operational again.

The FIU also received the go-ahead for the process to start and acquire a new platform. We also directing our energies towards equipping and training personnel to face the challenges of flight validation in the Sub Sahara region.

3. Minutes from last meeting

Minutes from the 50th ICASC meeting were approved with no changes.

4. Financial report

No activity, hence no change from last ICASC meeting. The current ICASC fund balance is $674.78.

5. Review of Action Items from 51st ICASC, Rome

Closed Items 17-16 and 18-06.

6. Discuss ICAO Instrument Flight Procedure Panel (IFPP)

Discussed the IFPP joining an IFIS. Discussion was delayed until the October meeting. IFIS 2022 would probably be the first opportunity to host jointly..

7. Presentation for 21st IFIS (2020) in Durban South Africa.

The 21st IFIS will be July 13th -17th In Durban South Africa. Christo and William presented a short video highlighting the venue for 21st IFIS. https://icc.co.za/gallery/durban-icc-60-seconds / . Looked like a great opportunity to reintroduce a cultural dinner. Weather is mild in the winter. The Hilton will be the preferred hotel. The display hall will be next door to the presentation hall. There will be no static displays again for this IFIS. Hope to draw in other South African countries into Symposium to emphasize need for Flight Inspection. Hoping to get Minister of Transport to open ceremonies. Keynote speaker possibilities someone from the Cradle of Humankind, Author of Longitude, Dava Sobel, Bradford Parkinson, Neill Blomkamp and others…

Need to start early coordination with ICAO to get their representation at IFIS. Letters of invitation for visit will only be sent after confirmed registration.

Need to make and publish a cancellation policy.Paper vs paperless proceedings still under review. ICASC booth could possibly print proceedings and bind them in a notebook for a cost. This would satisfy those desiring printed proceedings. Possibly give away USB sticks with the proceedings on them as well.

There will be no static displays again at this IFIS. The logistics of getting several aircraft to Durban would be prohibitive.

Below is relevant information you would need to reserve a room at the Hilton Durban on the special rate. Include Florence in your correspondence with Chantel. Additional information will follow on Durban airport and transport as we get closer to our meeting date.

8. Review of Past IFIS documents

9. Facilites Tour Avionics Engineering Center, Ohio Univ Airport

Mike Dibenedetto led a tour showing the aircraft and facilities at the Ohio state university airport. He pointed out several of the unique aspects of their aircraft and avionics research center. After the tour the committee broke into their respective working groups.

10. Technical Working Group (TWG) Summary

51 ICASC Technical Working Group SummaryOhio UniversityAthens, OHMarch 19-21, 2019

The Technical Working Group (TWG) focused on generating three Working Papers (WPs) and one Information Paper (IP) pertaining to the ICASC review of volume II of ICAO DOC 8071. This review is being done to support the ICAO’s Navigation Systems Panel update of this document. Summaries of the papers follow.

Chapter 3 Review: This WP will present the work completed by ICASC to review and comment on chapter 3. The review highlighted that:

• Some design qualification and system description information can be deleted• Table II-3-1 seemed to be in the incorrect position for easy reference. In addition,

the data within the table could be updated• Procedure validation activities could be removed• The ground test parameters could be amended and references checked• The FAS Database survey accuracy checks were not covered in sufficient detail• FAS data alignment information could be improved• Provide a method of using flight inspection aircraft to measure FAS data

accuracy, with appropriate tolerances and limiting other tests that are more aligned to ground inspection tests

An appendix will be provided that contains the latest working copy of chapter 3 showing the proposed additions, deletions and revisions, including the justification for each proposed change for traceability purposes. The meeting will be formally invited to note the proposed changes and implement them as appropriate.

Chapter 4 Review: This WP will present the work completed by NATS, ICASC and EUROCAE WG28 to review and comment on chapter 4. The review will highlight that:

• Amendment 91 included many changes that needed to be taken into consideration in the GBAS section, as a result of the update of Annex 10 to include GAST-D operations (Service types, volume, additional messages)

• Measurement uncertainty considerations for VDB have been identified as more demanding than for ILS or VOR, especially for challenging VDB layout scenarios

• New test criteria for D/U ratio checks and variations between slots and frames are required, since it is now evident that an ANSP will need to validate any installation taking new receiver/aircraft performance criteria into account

• Many inspection requirements in the flight testing/inspection section could be deleted as they are nominally ground testing or system qualification tests

• Table locations and cross references needed to be amended• Procedure validation elements need to be removed, but a link left to ensure FAS

data accuracy is inspected• GNSS interference related issues are to be covered in Chapter 5 of DOC 8071 Vol

II.• FAS data checks (procedurally and through on-site checks) could be harmonized

with SBAS

An appendix will be provided that contains the latest working copy of chapter 4 showing the proposed additions, deletions and revisions, including all the justifications and the sources (e.g., ICASC, NATS, etc.) of each proposed change for traceability purposes. The meeting will be formally invited to note the proposed changes and implement them as appropriate.

Antenna Pattern Characterization Uncertainty: The WP will examine the characteristics of an aircraft navigation antenna pattern to assess the feasibility of achieving the proposed uncertainty value of 1.5 dB for the antenna pattern characterization. Characteristics to be examined included the consistency of trends across frequency, and the rate of change in pattern directivity as a function of change in signal arrival angle. The paper will also provide a list of any other factors and considerations that are identified. Based on discussions at the meeting, it was concluded that further work and consideration is required regarding the adoption of the proposed uncertainty requirement and that alternative methods may need to be considered and/or develop if the proposed requirement is adopted. This conclusion will be presented within the paper. The meeting will be formally invited to consider the information and conclusions presented in this paper during discussion of the proposed uncertainty requirement.

Initial FAA Operational Experience with the Validation of FAS Data: This IP will provide in an appendix a study sponsored by the FAA, that among other topics, discusses lessons learned from initial operational experience with the development and validation

of Final Approach Segment (FAS) data. The IP itself will summarize the study activities and outcomes. It will note the following:

• Within the whole procedure publication chain, there must be at some point, an independent verification that the proposed FAS data points physically line up and accurately provide a reference for the intended flight path, terminating within the intended landing box.

• The use of an effective independent verification methods will prevent most errors seen in the inspection of implemented SBAS/GBAS IFPs to date.

11. Membership

It was pointed out that Darko Raskinin membership had never gone through an official vote. The committee took a vote and Darko was unanimously accepted as a “new” member.

Egon Koopman announced his retirement from the committee.

With Egon announcing his retirement from the committee there was an application from Egon’s company that would fulfill the same representation that Egon had. The committee reviewed the informal application of Ralf Bertsch. A formal acceptance vote will follow via email. Ralf Bertsch - GermanyDirector Planning & InnovationDFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbHRalf.Bertsch@dfs.de

The committee reviewed the application of Floyd Badsky. A vote was taken and Floyd was accepted as a committee member.

Dave Powell announced his retirement from the committee again.

Mike Dibenedetto let the committee know that it is getting hard for him to justify the travel for the ICASC as they have not had any flight inspection work in the last few years.

12. Next Meeting

The 52nd ICASC meeting tentatively will be held October 1st – 3rd , 2019 in Durban South Africa.

13. New Action Items

Added action items for Fabrizio to distribute new finalized ICASC Logo.Added action item for Rick to add the new Logo to the website.Added action item for Rick to make a Bank transaction to keep account active.Added action item for Rick to check on the condition of the ICASC booth.Added action item for Rick to inquire about logistics of shipping the ICASC booth to South Africa.Added action item for Rick to Prepare a letter of acceptance for Ralph BertschAdded action Item for Rick to create a tab on the website for historical documents.Added action item for Rick to clean up the Membership Directory on the website.Added action item for Rick to get contact Information for Danny Hamilton.

Rick WildICASC Executive Secretariat