United States History II Name: ____________________________Struggles of African Americans during the Progressive Era Date: ____________________________Mini Document Based Question

DIRECTIONS: Respond to the following prompt in two organized paragraphs. You must write a THESIS that CLEARLY and DIRECTLY answers the prompt. You must use four of the documents provided as evidence that supports your thesis. You must frame your evidence, include the source and accurately analyze each document in a way that supports your

thesis. Do not refer to the document as “Document A” etc. Use the title given instead. You must make a full effort to use proper grammar and spelling—this is not a “draft” that you can edit later.

DBQ PROMPT:

Why were African Americans left out of the social advancement of the Progressive era and which African American leaders were the most effective in countering the negative perceptions of their race?

THESIS (CLAIM):

African Americans were not included in the advancements of the Progressive era because _________________________

__________________________________________________________________________. The leaders who were most

effective in countering the negative perceptions of African Americans were ____________________________________.

Document 1. Excerpts from Samuel Morton’s Crania Americana (1839)

Document 2. Excerpt from A Study of American Intelligence (Princeton University, 1857)

Document 3: 19 th century laws from various Southern states

The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs. (Alabama)

It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment. (Alabama)

All marriages between a white person and a negro, or between a white person and a person of negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited. (Florida)

No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls. (Georgia)

It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons...and unlawful for any white person to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons. (Georgia)

Any person...who shall rent any part of any such building to a negro person or a negro family when such building is already in whole or in part in occupancy by a white person or white family, or vice versa when the building is in occupancy by a negro person or negro family, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. (Louisiana)

The warden shall see that the white convicts shall have separate apartments for both eating and sleeping from the negro convicts. (Mississippi)

Books shall not be interchangeable between the white and colored schools, but shall continue to be used by the race first using them. (North Carolina)

Every person...operating...any public hall, theatre, opera house, motion picture show or any place of public entertainment or public assemblage which is attended by both white and colored persons, shall separate the white race and the colored race and shall set apart and designate certain seats therein to be occupied by white persons and certain seats to be occupied by colored persons. (Virginia)

Document 4. Postcard of the lynching of Lige Daniels in Center, Texas (1920)

Document 5. NAACP poster (1922)

Document 6. Excerpt from Ida B. Wells-Barnett’s speech to members of the NAACP (1909)

Document 7. Quote from Booker T Washington

Document 8. Quote from WEB Du Bois

Document 9. Quote from Marcus Garvey

“The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife, -- this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost... He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American...” –WEB Dubois