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Project number: INCO-CT-2006-032132Project acronym: ReForLanInstrument: Specific Targeted ProjectThematic Priority: INCO-DEV-STREP1

Project title: Restoration of forest landscapes for biodiversity conservation and rural development in the drylands of Latin America

Publishable Final Activity Report

Period covered: 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2009Date of preparation: January 2010Version: 1Start date of project: 1st January 2007Duration: 36 months

Project coordinator: Professor Adrian NewtonCoordinating organisation: Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK

Proposal number: FP6-2004-INCO-DEV-3 PROP N° 032132

Title: Restoration of forest landscapes for biodiversity conservation and rural development in the drylands of Latin America

Acronym: ReForLan Reporting Period: 2007-2009

Name of co-ordinator: Professor Adrian NewtonCentre of Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK. Tel. +44 (0)1202 965670. Fax +44 (0)1202 965255. Email [email protected]

Project website: http://reforlan.bournemouth.ac.uk/

1. Project Execution

1.1 Objectives

To identify and promote approaches for the sustainable management of arid and semi-arid forest ecosystems, by researching ecosystem restoration techniques using native species of economic value. This aim was addressede through a programme of multi-disciplinary research analyzing how restoration of degraded lands can be achieved in a way that will mitigate the effects of unsustainable land use practices and contribute to conservation of biodiversity. The research aimed to generate tools for the sustainable development of native forest landscapes by local communities and other stakeholders, in a form that can directly support management decision-making and policy development, including information systems, decision support tools, criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management and restoration. The project aimed to produce management plans, practical guidelines and policy recommendations to support restoration of dryland forests, in ways support the development of rural livelihoods according to the ecosystem approach.

1.2 Partners involved

Partic. no.

Participant name Participant short name

Country

1 Bournemouth University BU UK2 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile PUC Chile3 Universidad Austral de Chile UACH Chile4 Universidad Nacional del Comahue UNCO Argentina5 Fundación ProYungas FPY Argentina6 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur ECOSUR Mexico7 Instituto Politécnico Nacional IPN Mexico8 Instituto de Ecologia IE Mexico9 Universidad de Alcala UAH Spain10 Università degli Studi di Trento UNITN Italy

1.3 Activities

http://reforlan.bournemouth.ac.uk/

mailto:[email protected]

The project: (i) assessed the distribution of dryland forest ecosystems in each of seven study areas in Mexico and southern South America, by analysis of satellite remote sensing data; (ii) assessed the pattern and extent of fragmentation of dryland forests using spatial analysis and GIS techniques; (iii) assessed the current patterns of floristic biodiversity in dryland forests using the results of field surveys supported by multivariate analyses and GIS; (iv) developed and tested forest restoration and land reclamation techniques for reversing degradation of dryland forest ecosystems; (v) determined traditional patterns of use and the socio-economic value of dryland forest resources to local communities; (vi) assessed the impact of forest loss, fragmentation and degradation on genetic variability within socio-economically important tree species; (vii) parameterised a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics for dryland forests in selected study areas; (viii) identified priority areas for dryland forest restoration within each of the study areas based on environmental and socio-economic criteria; (ix) developed appropriate tools to support the communication and dissemination of research results; (x) disseminated results through scientific publications and internet resources.

1.4 Methods employed and relationship to the state-of-the-art

Context of researchThe processes of economic development and population growth are increasing pressure on natural resources, leading to widespread ecological degradation. These problems are most intense in arid and semi-arid areas, which together cover nearly 30% of the earth’s surface and comprise half the surface area of the world’s developing countries. Despite their aridity, dryland areas are of global importance for biodiversity, being the centres of origin for many agricultural crops and other economically important species. Rural communities in dryland areas are often highly dependent on forest resources to support their livelihoods, particularly fuelwood and fodder. However, in many areas dryland forests have been subjected to unsustainable land use practices, including expansion of rangeland for livestock, over harvesting (particularly for fuelwood), conversion to agriculture and rapid growth of urban settlements. These processes have resulted in the widespread deforestation and degradation of dryland forest ecosystems, which has resulted in negative impacts on biodiversity, soil fertility and water availability, and on the livelihoods of local people. Such degradation presents a major challenge to policy initiatives aiming to support sustainable development. Restoration of dryland forest ecosystems is therefore an urgent priority if such policy goals are to be achieved, yet this issue has largely been neglected by the scientific research community. The key question addressed by this project is: how may dryland forest ecosystems be restored in a way that both benefits biodiversity and supports the livelihoods of local people?

Remote sensingThis project employed the analysis of Landsat MSS, TM, ETM and higher resolution satellite remote sensing imagery for the assessment of forest cover and condition, as a basis for developing forest restoration plans. Land cover classifications were completed for each of seven study areas at multiple dates (spanning 1975 through 2008), enabling patterns of forest loss, fragmentation and degradation to be determined, and their relationship to socio-economic and biophysical drivers to be established. The project was the first to use high-resolution satellite imagery (QuickBird) to analyse the condition and dynamics of dry forest areas in the study region.

BiodiversityThis project employed state-of-the-art analytical techniques, including multivariate and spatial statistics, to investigate patterns of biodiversity, and also adopted an integrated approach to the assessment of all three levels of biodiversity. Statistical approaches included generalised linear models, multivariate and spatial statistics techniques, which were applied to floristic data derived from field survey plots. The project has pioneered the development and application of analytical tools in the R programming environment.

Restoration ecologyThis project adopted a rigorous scientific framework applied to restoration ecology, involving testing of hypotheses based on relevant theory through use of experimental and modelling approaches, with a specific focus on addressing landscape-scale processes.

A series of field experiments were established, including a novel trans-national field restoration assay established to a common experimental design in four study areas.

Landscape ecologyThis project applied novel GIS techniques to the description and analysis of habitat fragmentation and the spatial characteristics of forested landscapes, enabling the rates of forest fragmentation and biodiversity loss to be estimated. Analyses were performed enabling production of dryland forest distribution, degradation and fragmentation maps, created from satellite images with the support of GIS techniques. All the partners used Arc GIS 9.2 or 9.3 and its extensions, which are the most modern tools to manage GIS data originated from imagery, and some partners also used Idrisi Andes, with its recently developed suite of spatial modelling tools. Some partners have also used Post-GIS, an open-source GIS program, integrated with the R programming environment. All the partners calculated fragmentation metrics using the last version of FRAGSTATS for raster data. Some partners used MOD 13 Q1 and MOD 16 obtained from MODIS platform to measure forest degradation. This technology allowed mapping of changes in forest density over time as an estimate of forest degradation in three study areas. The project was the first to perform comparative analyses of the process of forest loss and degradation of multiple study areas in dryland forests, using a common methodology.

Forest dynamicsThis project developed and applied spatially explicit process-based models of forest ecosystems closely integrated with GIS, to provide a tool for assessing the ecological impacts of land-use change at the landscape scale, and of climate change over selected tree species. The LANDIS-II model of dryland forest dynamics was used to predict rates of forest recovery at the landscape scale under different land-use scenarios for Mediterranean and tropical dry forest areas. This represents the first application of such an analytical approach to dryland forest. Maxent models of current distribution of selected tree species, and of predicted distribution under different scenarios of climate change, have been developed for tropical and subtropical areas. These models were used to inform development of restoration plans and policies in an unprecedented way in the selected study areas.

Sustainable useThis project employed participatory research approaches and multicriteria analysis techniques to identify methods and opportunities for dryland forest restoration suitable for implementation by local communities. Approaches involved participatory engagement with various stakeholders and multiple criteria techniques, which enabled priorities for restoration to be identified within local communities. This project represents the first to employ both the Delphi technique and spatial multi-criteria analysis to the participatory identification of forest restoration priorities.

Genetic variation This project assessed the impact of forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation on genetic variability within socio-economically important tree species of conservation concern in dryland ecosystems, and it employed both traditional methods for assessing genetic variation such as quantitative genetic techniques and isozyme analysis, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a novel technique. None of the species examined had been analysed previously using these techniques. In addition hypervariable neutral microsatellite markers, a state-of-the-art molecular technique, were used to assess patterns of genetic variation in a number of species, including A. chilensis, Nothofagus pumilio and Podocarpus sp.

Decision-support toolsThis project developed a range of decision-support tools including exploration of the potential impact of different land-use policy options on forest restoration and its contribution to sustainable development, supported by spatially explicit modelling and analysis techniques. Approaches such as LANDIS-II and spatial Multicriteria analysis represent novel approaches for informing management and decision options relating to the restoration of dryland forest landscapes. Additional pilot decision-support tools based on Bayesian Belief Networks, and definition and validation of criteria and indicators, were also undertaken.

1.5 Results achieved

The project met all of its principal objectives, namely to: (i) identify opportunities for enhanced economic productivity and limits to sustainable production, with a particular focus on identifying incentives for supporting dryland forest restoration by local communities; (ii) analyse the natural resource use systems at local, regional and international levels through an integrated approach, by developing a comparative programme of research in seven study areas distributed in dryland areas of Mexico, Chile and Argentina; (iii) use information gathered using participatory techniques to inform the planning and implementing of sustainable management strategies for dryland forest resources; (iv) develop appropriate decision-support tools, including information systems, criteria and indicators of sustainability and rehabilitation, together with case studies of practical restoration trials, to support dryland ecosystem management and policies, (v) disseminate results through scientific publications, research reports and internet resources.

Principal results are summarized below by Work Package (WP).

WP1: Assessing the current extent and recent loss of dryland forest ecosystems

Satellite remote sensing images were acquired and GIS databases compiled in all 7 study areas

Collation of information on historical extent of forest cover was performed in all 7 study areas

Collation of training point data was completed in all 7 study sites Common protocol to analyse remote sensing imagery defined Land cover classification completed and maps of current forest distribution

produced for all study areas Collation of existing socio-economic and environmental data completed in all 7

study areas Maps of forest distribution in 1975 produced for all study areas Accuracy assessment completed Identification of potential forest areas completed Deforestation and regeneration rates calculated over time GIS databases (7) incorporating both environmental data and field-verified maps

of forest cover completed Regression models produced analysing deforestation trends and causal factors Manuscripts (8) describing research results completed, ready for submission to

international journals

Key findings: The study revealed that land use intensification and limited natural regeneration continue to threaten dryland forest cover. Forest loss was consistently detected in all study areas, ranging from an annual deforestation rate of -1.7% in central Chile to a negligible -0.04% in the central Valley of Chiapas where 68% of the original area of dry forest in was lost by 1990. In central Chile, this deforestation rate was accompanied by shrubland reduction at an annual rate of -0.7%, while agriculture, urban areas and timber plantations increased at annual rates of 1.1%, 2.7% and 3.2%, respectively. In southern Argentina, the major trend in land use change was a consistent expansion of exotic pine plantations mostly at the expense of dry grasslands. In central Veracruz, rates of overall forest loss appear relatively minor (annualized loss of -0.15% between 1973 and 2008) with historical records suggesting that most deforestation occurred prior to the start of the previous century; however, a realistic annual deforestation rate of -1.22% arose from the comparison of Landsat 1973 and 2000 images. Rates of forest loss varied considerably between different time periods in all study areas.

We also detected consistencies in biophysical and social variables that explained change of forest cover across study areas. For central Chile, the multivariate logistic regression model for the change of forest to no forest revealed that the probability of an area

experiencing forest loss was positively related to the extent of the area within a forest patch, insolation, distance to roads, and slope. For southern Argentina, where establishment of tree plantations was a major land use change, distance to roads, slope, altitude, distance to towns >1,000 inhabitants, and precipitation explained best this afforestation process. In northern Argentina, slope, distance to rivers and roads and mean annual precipitation were positively related to the probability of forest loss. The main drivers of undisturbed forest loss in Xalapa were proximity to areas with gentle slopes, cattle pastures and the hydraulic infrastructure needed for crop irrigation. In Chiapas, the probability of forest occurrence was inversely related to insolation during winter months and positively related to slope, regional relative accessibility to principal markets, elevation, and annual precipitation. In Oaxaca, the main explanatory variables of deforestation with significant positive correlation were elevation, distance to agriculture and distance to villages; those with significant negative correlation were insolation and forest patch distance.

WP2: Assessing fragmentation and degradation of dryland forest ecosystems

Data collection on forest stand structure and environmental variables completed through field survey in all study areas

Degradation maps were generated from high resolution satellite images in Chile WEPP model developed in Chiapas to simulate long term degradation effects Collection of environmental and socioeconomic variables completed in all study

areas Appropriate metrics for assessment of forest fragmentation identified in all study

areas Analyses of fragmentation completed for each of the study areas Statistical analyses of factors influencing pattern of forest fragmentation

completed in all study areas Maps produced of forest fragmentation and degradation in all of the study areas GIS databases (7) incorporating both environmental data and forest

fragmentation and degradation completed for all 7 study areas Regression models produced analysing forest degradation trends and causal

factors Manuscripts (5) describing research results completed, ready for submission to


Key findings: Trends in the landscape indices analysed revealed specific stages in the process of fragmentation of dryland forests in Latin America. Dryland forest in Salta and Veracruz are affected by a progressive fragmentation (division of large patches into smaller ones) across the study periods. Veracruz exhibited a higher degree of fragmentation than Salta, due to a greater variation in the relative values of the landscape indices examined. Dryland forests in Oaxaca, Valparaíso and Cantillana were characterized by a rapid fragmentation in the earliest years and a loss of forest patches in more recent years. In the case of Oaxaca, this trend was more evident given by a rapid increase in the number of patches during the first time interval. In Bariloche, the forest showed a union of patches by regeneration, whereas in Chiapas, the dryland forest did not exhibit a substantial change in the spatial configuration, remaining almost stable.

Driving factors of dryland forest degradation were related to accessibility to forests from roads and urban areas and from agricultural frontiers in Chile (Valparaiso and Cantillana) and in Salta, Argentina. In these areas, human pressures such as logging for fuelwood and timber, browsing by cattle and fire have been the main causes of forest degradation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that dryland forests have been fragmented in most of the study landscapes over the last four decades. Although forest degradation was analysed only in Chile and one study area in Argentina, results reveal that forest degradation can represent an additional threat along with forest fragmentation to dryland forests in Latin America.

WP3: Analysis of biodiversity in dryland forest ecosystems

Establishment and assessment of field plots has been completed in all 7 study areas

Databases were created incorporating results of field data for all 7 study regions and integrated with GIS databases created in WP1

Statistical analysis of species-area relationships and floristic composition of forest fragments completed, including regression models produced analysing impacts of deforestation and fragmentation on diversity

Manuscripts (15) describing research results completed, ready for submission to international journals

Key findings: Although in some regions patch variables (size, perimeter, perimeter: area ratio, shape, etc.) were sufficient to predict some of the variation of woody species diversity, overall they explained only a small proportion of the variance among sites and patches. Patch attributes did not predict tree species richness of dry forests over most regions of Mexico, but weak relationships with cover and tree species richness were present in the Chilean database that showed a much lower range of tree species richness values. In most cases, environmental variables (topographic, climatic and anthropogenic) were not strong predictors of tree diversity individually, with the exception of elevation, which seems to account for a large increase in species richness of trees, particularly in the database from Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Argentinean Yugas-Chaco transition. In both these cases, it seems that drier forests at low elevations tend to be species-poor compared to wetter higher elevation forests. In contrast, forests from Chile and Chiapas seem to vary less with regard to topographic elevation gradients and orographic rainfall gradients. At all sites in the dry forests of the Americas, much of the variance in tree species richness among remnant forest patches seems to depend on historical impacts of fire, grazing and cutting on current patch structure and diversity, and possibly also on patch distribution and spacing over the landscape. These results highlight the importance of developing restoration approaches in order for biodiversity within these landscapes to be effectively conserved.

WP4: Experimental analysis of dryland forest restoration techniques

Field experiments have been established, botanical material collected and seedling production completed in all study sites

Seedlings transplanted trials investigating forest restoration techniques and ecological processes have been completed in six study areas

Transnational field experiments completed in four study areas The role of livestock in acceleration dryland forest succession was conducted in

Chiapas A phenological study was conducted in central Veracruz and Chiapas A study on potential use of the El Niño rainy years for restoration was conducted

in the Chilean Central Valley Statistical analyses of experimental results were completed in seven study areas Recommendations were produced with respect to restoration techniques and

approaches completed for all study areas A database was created incorporating results of field experiments completed in

all study areas Manuscripts (11) describing research results completed

Key findings: In Chiapas, Mexico the main obstacles for TDF restoration were related to social and economical constraints. From a biological point of view, one problem is the scarce knowledge on native species, including technical or biological information for germination and growth requirements which limit their use in management and conservation plans. Local knowledge about native trees is restricted to a few species; therefore this increases the importance of studies, on more species. Training on tree species propagation is essential because many local producers have manifested interest in establishing and managing plantations of native species. To strengthen the strategy for TDF restoration, it is important to take into consideration a research approach, the role of local communities and the participation of governmental and nongovernmental organizations. In Oaxaca, Mexico, since the long dry season affects seedling survival, particularly in black and volcanic tuff soils, it is advisable to transplant at the beginning of the rainy season in order to allow the development of a better root system. Use of

terraces facilitates plant survival because it increases the capture of the rain and concentrates the moisture at the bottom of the furrow. However, few communities use them because of their high cost. More research is recommended on seed germination, growth of native tree species and vegetative reproduction by cuttings. In Central Veracruz, Mexico, restoration success is directly related to site condition, since the best species performance was recorded in the least disturbed sites with isolated shrubs or trees that act as nurse individuals. Seedling transplant into disturbed sites is an important technique to accelerate restoration of a site. Enrichment planting is recommended in early successional sites with neither non-resprouting nor key primary tree species (e.g., Cedrela odorata or other multipurpose, foraging and fruit species). In mixed plantations, C. odorata as one of the most valuable woods in the area, can be selected if irrigation is available and density of transplanted seedling is low. Encouraging natural succession (passive restoration) excluding cattle and fire is advisable since primary species are present at early successional sites and most of them are able to resprout. Selection of tree species for restoration should take into account local knowledge and site characteristics. In Central Valley, Chile, for forest restoration it may be not necessary to eliminate herbs, since only during drier years would herbs have a negative effect on seedling survival and growth. The use of nurse trees increases success in restoration, in particular the nitrogen-fixing species. Exotic species may be useful as nurse species and they may facilitate seedling establishment of woody native species. It is not necessary to eradicate woody exotic species if they are not aggressive, at least during the first phase of restoration programmes. Eradication may be necessary after seedlings of woody native species are established. If plantations are established in open sites, it is recommended to irrigate during summer even when the precipitation of the year has been normal. Under any environmental condition herbivores should be excluded. In Coastal range, Chile, the main factors influencing restoration success are the presence of nurse species and water availability. Acacia caven is recommended as a nurse species because it represents the main canopy in extended areas of degraded forests. When dry conditions are very restrictive, it is recommended to apply irrigation to plantations; however, it is important to consider distance to water sources and difficulty to set up an irrigation system. In Northwestern Argentina, the use of native tree species is recommended based on the following: 1) mortality in exotic tree species is grater than in native tree species mainly during the dry season; 2) some exotic species have difficulty with respect to site adaptation in the study area. A mixture of exotic species and native species is recommended, to reduce ramification. In the case of the native species, Cedrela balansae, pruning and chemical control of the insect pest, Hisipyla grandella is recommended. In Southwestern Argentina, the main limiting factor for establishment of A. chilensis is drought, especially in the limit with the steppe, where some scattered isolated woodlands of this species occur. It is recommended to use nurse shrubs (against extreme cold weather and soil frost during the winter) or artificial shade (from direct sunshine and wind desiccation during the summer) to protect seedlings and improve their survival. It is recommended that seedlings be planted when older than two years, since in their first year, they are more vulnerable and mortality is very high.

WP5: Sustainable use and restoration of dryland forest ecosystems

Socio-economic analysis completed in all study areas Recommendations for sustainable development of dryland forest resources

produced in report form (5 reports, one for each target area) Database completed incorporating results of participatory surveys Manuscripts (8) describing research results completed

Key findings: Clearly a single formula for restoration cannot be proposed for all the studied regions, since the areas are not only ecologically but also socio economically different. Land tenure is communal and the extension of land is relatively reduced in most rural areas with dry forests in southern Mexico, whereas, land is mostly private and extends for vast expanses in the northern Argentinean Yungas. Specific strategies and recommendations should be individually targeted. However, some common points can be identified. The need for restoring native forest has been recognized in several of the studied regions. However, the willingness to carry out this restoration can be hindered by loss of knowledge in the use value of native species (Chile), the uneven distribution of such knowledge among people and even towns (Oaxaca) or conflicting governmental

policies (Chiapas). Clearly more studies of commercially important plant species such as boldo and quillay in Chile are needed. Most areas concur on the need for more education about the use value of native forest resources. Management training is also recommended in most regions. However, more studies on forest management and restoration are needed. Firewood is a common resource of many dry forests of the studied areas, and their extraction has contributed to forest degradation. One option to reduce the impact of forest extraction on native species could be the establishment of dendroenergetic plantations (Chiapas). In other regions this possibility should be explored. For instance in Oaxaca, plantation of oaks has been recently established in degraded areas in the Upper Mixtec region. Their supervised use for firewood in these areas in the future supported by demographic and plant growth studies are necessary. Searching for other energetic sources for heating is clearly desirable. Indeed, some alternatives for cooking have been explored recently in some areas (Chiapas, Oaxaca), but they require more diffusion. Overgrazing is a common problem, causing severe degradation and erosion problems (Veracruz, Oaxaca), therefore careful management programs of domestic animals such as sheep, cattle and goats are required. Exploring the possibility of alternative sources of income for local people that replaces the use of these animals, in particularly goats, is desirable. The need for implementing programs for restoration and reforestation of native forests is also commonly recognized, but their costs could be a major obstacle to their success. Practices that foment passive restoration is an alternative that should be explored in the future for circumvent the costs of restoration, at least in certain cases. Most studies concur that ecosystem services (water, soil, carbon sequestering) should be incentives for forest restoration in addition to those involving direct economic benefits. This, however, requires the involvement of local government and international organizations, since this kind of practice can contribute to solving global problems. Since restoration involves long term consequences, it is necessary that restoration programs are considered as projects of long duration. These programs should be accompanied by research and monitoring of the consequences of restoration, and should also be long-term activities.

WP6: Genetic variation and restoration of dryland tree species

Genetic marker protocols were optimised for all targets species Genetic analyses for each of the target species completed for genetic variation at

isozyme level in Austrocedrus chilensis and for Catopsis berteroniana, Malacomeles denticulata. Also three Cedrela species were analyzed in Yungas forests.

Results obtained for each of the target species Database created incorporating results of genetic research Analyses completed describing impacts of forest loss, fragmentation and

degradation on genetic variation Recommendations produced for restoration of dryland forest resources based on

genetic results Manuscripts (6) describing research results completed

Key findings: The genetic effects of fragmentation and forest degradation can be complex and vary considerably among species. Some species can be benefited under moderate levels of fragmentation. Since diversity decreases dramatically only with small reductions of small sized fragments but not with small reductions of medium or large fragments, it is important to keep fragments of medium or large size and avoid at all means reductions in fragment size. Medium and large sized fragments can sustain some species such as Catopsis berteroniana, which only succeed at fragment borders. In such conditions, this species can maintain a healthy genetic diversity without evidence of recent bottlenecks, and demographically show a nearly stable size distribution and a positive growth. Under further reductions in fragment size, the total perimeter of the fragments also decreases. Therefore, the habitat of this kind of species also decreases. On the other hand, in a totally forested area, without little or no borders, the habitat of this kind of species is also minimal. The existence of species with optimum habitat availability at intermediate levels of fragmentation in which border size is maximized supports Hustons’s (1979) intermediate disturbance hypothesis. We do not know for sure how many species behave as Catopsis. Therefore, it is extremely important to support

more demographic and population genetic studies of most forest species in temperate dry forests and shrublands in order to increase our understanding of the genetic and demographic consequences of fragmentation for species potentially useful for restoration. Some populations of the same species may differ considerably in genetic diversity as is the case of Malacomeles denticulata. This implies that breeding programs should first examine different populations and do not generalize a priori a common behavior or genetic characteristics of the species based on studies of one or few populations of the same species. Conservation programs should focus at population level and prioritize those populations which are endangered, with have higher genetic diversity, or both. Restoring practices should explore which phenotypes of the species planned to be used for restoration are more suitable for resorting and which kind of habitats are more suitable for a given phenotype..

WP7: Landscape-scale dynamics of dryland forest ecosystems

Field data collection was completed in each of the target study areas. Maps on GIS elevation, soil, vegetation types was collated and parameterisation

of models completed based on these maps, field data, published information and expert knowledge.

Databases completed incorporating model parameters in each target study area Climate data collated in all 5 areas and incorporated into GIS Model validation completed in each study area Different land use scenarios identified in 4 study areas for the LANDIS-II model. Model predictions of different land-use and restoration scenarios completed Assessment of the impacts of climate change on the potential for forest

restoration completed Manuscripts (4) describing research results completed

Key findings: Simulating the potential for ecological restoration is important in areas where anthropogenic disturbance has degraded forest landscapes. In degraded dry forests, 'passive' restoration holds great potential to help forest recovery owing to its rel-atively low financial costs and potential application over large areas. However, the condi-tions under which passive restoration of degraded dry forest might be achieved in prac-tice are difficult to determine. In this study, we used LANDISII, a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics, to assess the potential for natural recovery of dry at the landscape-scale under a variety of different disturbance regimes in four study areas. Specifically, we fo-cused on the impact of fire, cattle grazing and tree cutting on forest cover, structure and composition. Results suggest that dry forest is surprisingly resilient to disturbance; in all study areas, under scenarios of relatively small or infrequent fires, or light browsing pres-sure, forest extent was found to recover relatively rapidly. This highlights the potential for passive restoration in all study areas, despite the fact that forests have been widely de-graded. However, forest structure and composition differed markedly between disturb-ance scenarios; for example, in Chile, highest species richness was recorded under scen-arios with moderate disturbance. Complex interactions between disturbances were also recorded; for example, the spread of invasive tree species in Chile was found to interact with the fire and grazing regime. In Mexico, LANDIS-II projections revealed that when grazing acts in combination with fire, forest cover, structure and composition vary dra-matically depending on the frequency and extent of the fires. In all study areas, profound impacts of disturbance on forest structure were recorded, even when forest extent was relatively little affected by disturbance regime. In Mexico, results indicated that that the combination of large frequent fires and grazing has a major negative impact on dry forest. This suggests that passive landscape-scale restoration of dry forest is achievable only if grazing is excluded, and fires are carefully managed to reduce their frequency and intensity. In contrast, forest restoration was possible in the Chilean study areas under cur-rent disturbance regimes, indicating that disturbance may have been much more severe in the past. This investigation also highlighted the benefits of integrating high spatial res-olution satellite imagery with spatially explicit models to create a powerful set of tools to predict human impacts and inform land use decision making in regions dominated by dry-land forest.

WP8: identifying priority areas of dryland forest restoration

Database of environmental information collated Literature review on selection of environmental criteria for restoration conducted Dialogue established with international forest experts for Delphi process Dialogue established with stakeholders in 5 study sites resulting in extraction of

information, training sessions and establishment of demonstration site Multicriteria analysis conducted in northern Argentina, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Central

Chile and Chiapas Database on environmental information and maps produced illustrating forest

restoration options within study areas, based on environmental criteria. Exploration and sensitivity analysis of multicriteria analysis completed Manuscripts (5) describing research results completed, ready for submission to


Key findings: According to the experts surveyed, during the restoration of unforested areas, priority should be granted to sites that are close to existing forest, located in less degraded areas that are less exposed to on-going pressures, and characterized by high diversity in terms of both species and ecosystems. Among the five criteria, connectivity and degradation are the ones with the lowest agreement rate (around 60-65 %). The identification of restoration priorities in degraded forest areas should follow the same principles except for the fact that more degraded areas should receive priority. In general, the agreement rate that characterized criteria assessment for degraded forest areas was higher than in the previous case, and always above 70%. Degradation and disturbance are considered to be very important factors to guide the selection of restoration priorities. Connectivity is considered to be very important in the case of restoration in unforested areas, but slightly less important for degraded forest areas. Ecosystem diversity is scarcely important for both restoration conditions. Finally, species diversity is considered very important to guide the selection of restoration priorities in degraded forests, but not so important in unforested areas. Application of these methods in Mexico indicated that the key concept that attention should be paid is the landscape mosaic instead of the single forest patch, which can provide configurations of reforestation sites through a three-step spatial multicriteria analysis. The need for integrating ecological and socioeconomic objectives was also addressed in subsequent steps: ecological objectives provided a basis for the analysis, while socioeconomic ones allowed for the refinement. This separation was necessary for both making the results ecologically consistent and preventing exclusion of valuable reforestation options. The availability of geographical data played a major role in the definition of the criteria sets: even though the adopted criteria were effective in providing the suitability information we were looking for, our methodology could take great advantage of a better data set. This study was indeed primarily aimed at testing a methodology that, having proved to be effective, should be improved through the selection (or the production) of ad hoc data. In Veracruz it was found that selected priority areas have a unique combination of characteristics that make each one important for conserving the biological and cultural-historical diversity of the region. It appears feasible to connect existing forest fragments in priority areas using other landscape elements such as permanent or intermittent streams, secondary vegetation and tree plantations. Also, our data suggest that ecological restoration should be used to connect cultural sites and create corridors of ecotourism that may provide an economically sustainable alternative activity for assuring the well-being of the local populations in the future. In northern Argentina, it was clear that the objectives of management of land is a matter of societal choice. The public MCA approach, with stakeholder weightings of criteria provided a structured and collaborative process for combining multidisciplinary evaluations and inputs. The MCA applied in this study helped to design and evaluate the “best” alternative as regards priority areas for forest ecological restoration. MCA helped in particular to combine different sources of information and to structure an explicit approach to evaluation. It also served as a forum of discussion, negotiation, exchange of knowledge and final selection of a finca that was closest to the economic, social, environmental and institutional criteria as seen by the relevant actors involved in the decision. During the second phase, we envisaged the proposal of sustainable forestry in a community as the implementation of three steps: the formulation of which we called the ecosystem model, i.e. the description of the forest resource mosaic as seen by the community, the definition of the management goals, the identification of a variety of future options open for the community for benefiting from the forest while protecting it.

WP9: Development of decision support tools, policy options and management strategies

A project web site was developed promoting the project where results and recommendations <http://reforlan.bournemouth.ac.uk/>.

UNEP-WCMC produced a synthesis page on tropical dry forest and its restoration, highlighting relevant resources and including a brief introduction to the REFORLAN project

Outreach programmes and capacity building were completed in all study areas, promoting practical techniques for dryland forest restoration in local communities, schools and universities

Participative workshops held to identify perception and priorities for forest restoration at the local level

Dissemination of research results was achieved through scientific publications, presentations, and booklets; the project was repeatedly profiled in national media.

Pilot decision-support tools were produced Book produced synthesizing results of research project Manuscripts (4) submitted for publication in international scientific journals Policy recommendations completed Management recommendations and restoration guidelines completed

Scientific and policy impact

Overall, the project was successful in meeting its initial objectives, producing all Deliverables on schedule. This represents a significant achievement, given the difficulties experienced during project implementation, including the global economic downturn and the influenza outbreak in 2009, which hindered project activities. The project has delivered the first comparative analysis of dry forest restoration involving multiple study areas in Latin America, and has been the first to employ a range of techniques to restoration of dryland forest, including spatial multi-criteria analysis, spatial modelling of forest dynamics, DNA-based genetic profiling methods. The integration of these different approaches, conducted in multiple study areas, lends the project results a high degree of novelty.

The project has also involved a large number (>50) early career students and scientists, and has generated a substantive number (> 60) of scientific publications.

The project has had an impact at the highest scientific and policy level, in the following ways:

A publication in the leading journal Science, which demonstrated for the first time, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, that ecological restoration is effective in increasing both biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services. This publication was widely featured in international media, and is delivering a major scientific and policy impact, providing strong evidence of the potential environmental and societal value of ecological restoration approaches.

The project has also delivered a second high-impact publication, currently in review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA). This provides the first systematic cost-benefit analysis of ecological restoration, achieved through spatial analysis of ecosystem services associated with dry forest. Novel elements of this research included the incorporation of a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics to generate scenarios of future land cover change, a valuation approach focusing on estimation of marginal values, and a comparative approach featuring parallel analyses in four study areas. The results highlighted the fact that restoration impacts are highly context specific, as the valuation and production of ecosystem services varies strongly from place to place. However, overall, the results suggest that passive approaches to dryland forest restoration are likely to be cost effective in most areas investigated. This finding has major policy implications, which will be explored


through the development of a policy brief linking with REDD-Plus, and an associated media campaign planned for 2010.

Plan for using and disseminating the knowledge published completed

Dates Type Type of audience Countries addressed

Size of audience Partner responsible

1. 2007 Project web site Research / Conservation / Education

Global 3500 hits per month 1

2. 2007 Project web site Research / Conservation / Environmental

Global 2 million hits per month UNEP-WCMC

3. 2008 Paper published Research Global Global Journal 14. 2007 Posters Research Global International conference UNEP-WCMC5. 2007 Dissertation Research UK and

MexicoAccessible to academic staff and students

1

6. 2007 Promotion of project on web site

Forest modelling community Global International modelling website

1


Research / Conservation community

Global International website 1

8. 2008 Paper published Research Global Global Journal 19. 2008 Chapter published Research Global International book 110. 2008 Paper published Research Global Global Journal 111. 2007 Book Research / Conservation

community Latin America 2

12. 2007 Book chapter Research / Conservation community

Latin America 2

13. 2008 Book Research / Conservation/Education Chile International 214. 2008 Book Conservation / Environmental /

EducationChile International 2

15. 2008 Thesis finished Research in seed dispersal Global International 216. 2008 Thesis finished Research in reforestation and

restorationGlobal International 2

17. 2008 Thesis finished Research in change use soil Global International 218. 2008 Thesis finished Research in restoration techniques Global International 219. 2008 Thesis finished Research in restoration techniques Global International 220. 2008 Thesis finished Research in restoration techniques Global International 221. 2009 Thesis finished Research in burned areas in Chile Chile National 222. 2009 Article Research in fire and restoration Global International 2



23. 2008 Internal report of undergraduate student

Research in restoration techniques Chile National 2







27. 2008 Presentation Research in Chilean Forestry law Chile National 228. 2008 Presentation Research about ReForLan project Chile International conference 2 29. 2008 Poster Research avian frugivory Chile National congress 230. 2008 Oral presentation Dispersal process in dry and

temperate forestsChile International Congress 2

231. 2008 Poster Research about passive restoration Chile National congress 232. 2008 Additional funds Research about El Niño

precipitationInternational International 2 and 3

33. 2008 Additional funds Research and Education National National 234. 2008 Project launch meeting Landowners / Stakeholders /

National government Chile Regional 3

35. 2008 Newspaper El Sur General public Chile Regional 336. 2008 Newspaper La Tercera General public Chile National 337. 2008 Newspaper La Tercera General public Chile National 338. 2008 Oral presentation Research / Conservation

communityChile National 3

39. 2008 Oral presentation Local schools and research community

Chile 40 people 3

40. 2008 Oral presentation Research, forest companies, local stakeholders

Chile 60 people 3

41. 2008 Three posters presentation

Research community / Conservation community

Chile National 3

42. 2008 Oral presentation Research community / Conservation community

Chile National 3


Research community/conservation community/educational audience

Global International 3

44. 2008 Promotion of project on Research/conservation Latin-America International 3



web site community/educational audience45. 2007 Presentation Research/environmental Argentina /

Chile500 people 4

46. 2007 Presentation Research/environmental Argentina / Chile

500 people 4

47. 2007 Presentation Research/environmental Argentina / Chile

500 people 4

48. 2007 Paper published International journals Global Global Journal 449. 2008 Paper published International journals Global Global Journal 450. 2008 Poster presentation at

the National Congress on Biodiversity Conservation.

Research Argentina National 4 and 3

51. 2008 Poster presentation Research Argentina National 452. 2008 Poster presentation Research Argentina National 453. 2008 Poster presentation Research recovery of birds in

reforestation habitatsArgentina National 4


General public, Researchers, Students

Latin-America Around 1500 visits / month

5

55. 2007 Presentation Research and forestry community Bolivia 40 people 556. 2008 Booklet (Forestation /

Reforestation experiences)

Forestry, Timber industry, Research, Conservation

Argentina 500 copies 5

57. 2008 Book Research, Forestry Argentina and Bolivia

500 Copies 5

58. 2007 Promotion leaflets Capacity building leaflets for local communities

Chiapas, Mexico

300 Copies 6

59. 2008 Book chapter Research Latin-America International 660. 2008 Thesis finished Research on sustainable use and

restorationMexico National 6

61. 2008 Thesis finished Research on sustainable use and restoration

Mexico National 6

62. 2008 Poster presentation Research Mexico National 663. 2008 Five workshops Local communities Mexico 40 Participants /

workshop6, 9 and 10



64. 2007 International Symposium/National and international congress

Research / conservation community

Mexico, Latin America

1000 7

65. 2007 Pamphlet of local mushrooms

Visitors of forest reserve in Santa Catarina Ixtepeji

Mexico 500 7

66. 2007 Community workshops Communities within Oaxaca Oaxaca 250 767. 2007 MSc dissertation Research Mexico Accessible to academic

staff and students7

68. 2008 Scientific paper published

Research Global Global Journal 7







72. 2008 MSc dissertation Research Mexico Accessible to academic staff and students

7

73. 2008 Posters Research Global International conference 774. 2008 Field guide completed Research / Conservation /

Education / EcotourismMexico Academic,

conservationists, authorities, tourists

7

75. 2007 Poster Research Mexico National conference (ca. 2500 people)

8

76. 2007 Oral presentation Research Mexico National conference (ca. 2500 people)

8

77. 2007 Poster on line Research / Conservation community

global International web site 8

78. 2007 Undergraduate thesis Research Mexico Accessible to academic staff and students

8

79. 2008 Project web site Research / Conservation / Education

Latin-America 1000 8

80. 2008 Presentation of proposal Research / social sciences Mexico 15 881. 2008 Undergraduate thesis Research Mexico Accessible to academic 8



staff and students82. 2008 Undergraduate thesis Research Mexico Accessible to academic

staff and students8

83. 2008 Oral presentation Research / Conservation / Education / Policy / Environmental law / Government / Justice leaders/ International organisations

International Over 200 participants 8

84. 2008 Oral presentation Research / Education Mexico 1000 885. 2008 Oral presentation Research / Education Mexico 1000 886. 2008 Oral presentation Research / Education Mexico 1000 887. 2008 Poster presentation Research / Education Mexico 1000 888. 2008 Paper published Research / social sciences Mexico Local journal 889. 2008 Undergraduate thesis

completedResearch Mexico Accessible to academic

staff and students8

90. 2008 Master thesis completed Research / Conservation / Education / Policy/ Environmental law

Latin America Accessible to academic staff and students

8

91. 2008 Undergraduate thesis completed

Research Mexico Accessible to academic staff and students

8

92. 2007 Scientific publication Researchers, managers Global International journal 993. 2007 Conference Researchers Spain 80 Participants 994. 2007 Conference Researchers, managers Spain 65 Participants 995. 2008 Book Researchers, managers Global

(Spanish readers)

International book 9 and 6

96. 2007 onwards

Master Master students 10 Countries 10 countries

30, 27 and 37, respectively

9

97. 2008 Scientific publication Researchers, managers, practitioners

Global International journal 9 and 1

98. 2008 Publication General public Global (Spanish readers)

International popular science magazine

9 and 1

99. 2009 Scientific publication Research Global International journal 9 and 6100. 2008 Scientific publication

submittedResearch Global International journal 9, 6 and 1



101. 2008 Presentation and publication

Research Global International conference 10

102. 2008 2 conferences Research Mexico University researchers 10103. 2009 Cooperation Project Local community/ Stakeholders Chile Regional 3104. 2009 Workshop Local communities/Stakeholders Chile Regional 3105. 2009 Two oral presentations Research community /

Conservation community Global International (700) 3

106. 2009 Two Poster presentations

Research community / Conservation community

Global International (700) 3

107. 2009 Two oral presentations Research community / Conservation community

Latin-America International (400) 3

108. 2009 One poster presentation Research community / Conservation community

Latin-America International (400) 3

109. 2009 Two poster presentations

Research community / Forestry community

Global International (7100) 3

110. 2010 Book Chapter National community Chile National 3111. 2009 Workshop Regional Community Chile Regional (80) 3112. 2009 Booklet National community Chile National (1000) 3113. 2009 Master Thesis Research Chile National 3114. 2009 Oral presentation Research Chile National (80) 3115. 2009 Newspaper La Tercera General public Chile National 3116. 2009 Paper published Research/Biodiversity Global Global Journal 8

117. 2009 Thesis finished Research /soil seed banks Mexico International 8118. 2009 Poster presentation Conservation/Multicriteria Mexico 300 people 8119. 2009 Poster presentation Conservation/Multicriteria Mexico 500 people 8120. 2009 Oral presentation Research/traditional knowledge Latin America 800 people 8121. 2009 Simposium presentation Researcher/Graduate students Mexico 500 people 8122. 2009 Seminar presentation Researcher/Foresters/Graduate

students Mexico 50 (Professors, graduate

students)8

123. 2009 Paper published Research Global International journal 10124. 2009 Report Research, managers, practitioners Global International 10 and 5125. 2009 Oral presentation Research Global International conference 10126. 2008 Report Conservation, Forestry Argentina Regional 5



127. 2009 Book chapter accepted Research, Forestry Argentina Book, 500 copies 5128. 2009 Book chapter accepted Research, Forestry Argentina Book, 500 copies 5129. 2009 Book Forestry, Timber industry,

Research, Conservation Argentina Book, 500 copies 5

130. 2009 Book Forestry, Timber industry, Research, Conservation

Argentina Book, 500 copies 5

131. 2009 Poster presentation in Congress

Researchers, Students Latin America Latin American Conference

5

132. 2009 Paper published Research Global International Journal 10 and 5133. 2009 Report Conservation, Forestry Global International (MDL) 5134. 2009 Poster Word Forestry Congress Global 6000 people 5135. 2009 Poster Word Forestry Congress Global 6000 people 5136. 2009 Educational/workshop Researchers, Students Argentina 20 5137. 2008 Scientific publication Researchers, managers Spain Regional journal 9138. 2009 Scientific publication Research Global International journal 9 and 1139. 2009 Book chapter Research Global International journal 9140. 2009 Scientific publication Research The tropics International journal 9 and 1141. 2009 Scientific publication Research Costa Rica International journal 9142. 2009 Poster presentation Researchers Global ~ 450 participants 9143. 2009 Poster presentation Researchers 8 ~ 450 participants 9144. 2010 Workshop Researchers 6 ~ 14 participants 9, 3, 1145. 2009 Conference Researchers, managers Spain 150 Participants 9146. 2009 Conference General public Perú 146 Participants 9147. 2009 Conference Students Perú 150 Participants 9148. 2007 Survey Decision-makers Mexico 27 respondents 10149. 2007-

2009Handbook Development community facilitator

/Research/Government/ONG´s/ Decisor-maker

Mexico 6 y 10

150. 2007-2009

Workshop Residents of the town of study Mexico 11 workshop (40 participants a rough by meeting)

6 y 10

151. 2007-2009

Written paper workshop Development community facilitator /Research/Government/ONG´s/ Decisor-maker

Mexico 6



152. 2008-2009

Altitudinal transect to evaluate the Natural Capital

Development community facilitator /Research/Government/ONG´s/ Decisor-maker

Mexico 6

153. 2009 Presentation and Publication

Research Latin America International conference 7

154. 2009 Scientific publication Research Global International journal 7155. 2009 Presentation and

PublicationResearch Mexico National conference 7




Research Mexico National conference 7


Research Mexico National conference 7









163. 2007 Conference Research local International conference 7164. 2007 Conference and

publicationResearch local International conference 7





167. 2009 Manuscript accepted with minor modifications

Research Latin America National Journal 7

168. 2009 Master thesis Research Mexico Accessible to academic staff and students

7

169. 2009 Worshop on conservation

High school students and teachers local authorities

Mexico 150 , Local community 7



170. 2008 Presentation Reforlan project results Chile National 2171. 2009 Presentation Reforlan project results Chile National 2172. 2009 Presentation Research in passive restoration

potentialChile International 2

173. 2009 Presentation Research in biodiversity and conservation

Chile International 2

174. 2009 Presentation Reforlan project results Chile International 2175. 2009 Presentation Reforlan results Chile National 2176. 2007 Presentation Reforlan proyect Chile National 2177. 2009 Manuscript Research of ecological restoration National National 2178. 2009 Manuscript Research of

biodiversity/fragmentationChile International 2

179. 2009 Manuscript Research willingness to restore Chile International 2180. 2009 Published manuscript Research Latin America International journal 1181. 2009 Published manuscript Research Tropics International journal 1182. 2009 Published manuscript Research Global? International journal 1183. 2009 Published manuscript Research Global? International journal 1184. 2009 Dissertation completed Research Latin America International journal 1185. 2009 Interview on workshop Public Chile Local

community/National3

186. 2009 Scientific publication Research Regional International journal 4187. 2009 Book Chapter Research Regional International book 4188. 2010 Oral presentation Research International Over 400 participants 4189. 2007 Publication General public Argentina Regional 4190. 2007/20

08Three Community workshops

Education / Local organisations / Local communities

Argentina 15 - 70 Participants / workshop

4

191. 2008 Poster Research Argentina National 4192. 2008 Course about

restoration and education

Education Argentina 30 participants 4

193. 2009 Regional newspapers Education / Local organisations / Local communities

Argentina Regional 4

194. 2009 Oral presentation Research International Over 400 participants 4195. 2009 Oral presentation Local communities Argentina Over 200 participants 4



196. 2009 Oral presentation Research International Over 400 participants 4197. 2010 Oral presentation Research International Over 400 participants 4198. 2009 Oral presentation Research Argentina Over 400 participants 4 in Col. With

UDEC199. 2009 PhD thesis Research Argentina

ChileAccessible to academic staff and students

4

200. 2009 Scientific Publication Research Global International journal 4201. 2010 Oral presentation Research International Over 400 participants 4202. 2009 Course on conservation

and educationEducation Latin America 30 participants 4

1. BU (partner 1) has developed a web site <http://reforlan.bournemouth.ac.uk/> promoting the project where results and recommendations will be made widely available to the research, conservation and development communities. This has been updated in 2008.

2. UNEP has produced a synthesis page on tropical dry forest and its restoration, highlighting relevant resources and including a brief introduction to the ReForLan project. This has been updated in 2008 at- <http://www.unep-wcmc.org/forest/restoration/fris/ecosystems.aspx>.

3. Newton, A.C., 2008. Restoration of Dryland Forests in Latin America: The ReForLan Project. Ecological Restoration 26, 10-13. A draft was produced in 2007.

4. Fonzo, M., Miles, L., Kapos, V., and Brown, C., 2007. Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK. (submitted abstract for a poster at The Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical and Technological Affairs SBSTTA13).

5. Tejedor Garavito, N., 2007. Preliminary assessment of the structure and composition of Chiapas’ dry forest in response to anthropogenic disturbance. Dissertation for MSc. University of Bournemouth, Dorset, UK.

6. Project registered and disseminated on LANDIS website <http://www.landis-ii.org/documentation/ProjectsPage>.

7. Project registered and disseminated on Earth Restoration Service <www.earthrestorationservice.org/>.

8. Newton, A.C., 2008. Conservation of tree species through sustainable use: how can it be achieved in practice? Oryx 42(2), 195-205.

9. Newton, A.C., 2008. Bayesian Belief Networks in environmental modelling: a review of recent progress. In: Environmental modelling research, ed. P. N. Findley, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York.

10. Newton, A.C. and Oldfield, S., 2008. Red Listing the world’s tree species: a review of recent progress. Endangered Species Research 6, 137-147.

11. Serey, I., Ricci, M. and Smith-Ramírez, C., 2007. LIBRO ROJO: Prospección del estado de conservación de la flora y fauna de la región del Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins. Corporación Nacional Forestal, Santiago, Chile.

12. Smith-Ramírez, C. and Pliscoff, P., 2007. Richness centres of species and priority areas for conserving biodiversity in Chile’s Region VI. In: LIBRO ROJO: Prospección del estado de conservación de la flora y fauna de la región del Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins. Corporación Nacional Forestal, Santiago, Chile.

13. Villagrán, C., Marticorena, C. and Armesto, J.J., 2007. Flora de las plantas vasculares de Zapallar. Editorial Puntángeles y Publicaciones U.M.C.E., Santiago.

14. Hoffmann, A., and Armesto, J., 2008. Ecología, Conocer la Casa de Todos. Editorial Biblioteca Americana. Santiago. 646 pp.

15. Reid, S., 2008. Doctorado en ecología. Interaction dynamics of avian frugivores and plants in a patchy sclerophyllous shrubland of central Chile: implications for seed dispersal and regeneration pattern. Dissertation for doctoral thesis. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

25

http://www.earthrestorationservice.org/

http://www.unep-wcmc.org/forest/restoration/fris/ecosystems.aspx


16. Altamirano, T., 2008. Restauración de los sistemas Mediterráneos de Chile central: desempeño de especies y patrones de recolonización natural de aves y plantas. Undergraduate dissertation. Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Católica de Chile.

17. Necochea, P., 2008. Landscape structure of the relict cloud forests of Fray Jorge National Park, Chile. Undergraduate dissertation. Ingeniería en Recursos Naturales. Universidad de Chile.

18. Castro, S., Effect of herbivory and precipitation on different woody species in central Chile. Undergraduate thesis. Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Católica de Chile.

19. Palma, J. Effect of N-fixing and non N-fixing nurse shrub species on seedling establishment of two native trees in two contrasting habitats. Master thesis. Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Católica de Chile.

20. Mayor, L. Effect of herbaceous cover and precipitation on seedling establishment of three native woody species in two contrasting habitats. Undergraduate thesis. Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Católica de Chile.

21. Yaitul V. 2009. Efecto de la heterogeneidad espacial en los incendios de Chile Central. Undergraduate thesis. Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco, Chile..

22. Armesto J.J. , M. A. Bustamante-Sánchez, M. F. Díaz, M. E. González, A. Holtz, M. Nuñez-Avila & C. Smith-Ramírez. 2007. Fire disturbance regimes, ecosystem recovery and restoration strategies in Mediterranean and temperate regions of Chile. In: Restoration strategies after forest fire. Eds.: A. Cerda, P. Robichaud & R. Primlani.

23. Maricarmen, Fernández, 2008. Effects of the herbivory and differential water pulse on the survival ans establishment of Cryptocaria alba and Maytenus boaria. Research of undergraduate students of biology.

24. Emilio Jelves, 2008. Effects of the herbivory and differential water pulse on the survival and establishment of Quillaja saponaria. Research of undergraduate student of biology.

25. Fernando Romero, 2008. Effects of the herbivory and differential water pulse on the survival and establishment of Acacia caven and Senna cumingii. Research of undergraduate student of biology.

26. Luz María Couyoumdjian, 2008. Effects of the herbivory and differential water pulse on the survival and establishment of Lithrea caustica and Colliguaya odorifera. Research of undergraduate student of biology.

27. Armesto, J.J., Nuñez-Avila, M., Smith-Ramirez, C., 2008. Ley de recuperación del bosque nativo y fomento forestal: ¿cual es su aporte a la conservación de la biodiversidad? (The new Chilean Forestry Law: How can it contribute to the conservation of biodiversity?) XX Meeting of Botanic Society of Chile, September, Olmue, 2008.

28. Smith-Ramírez, C., Schulz, J., Echeverría, C., Salazar, A., Maturana, V., Celis J.L., Becerra, P., Cid, N., Miranda, A., Armesto, J. & Holmgren, M., 2008. Restauración de la biodiversidad en el bosque esclerófilo de Chile. Como pensar en restauración a una escala amplia. (Biodiversity restoration in the sclerophyllous forests of Chile. How to think

26

in a big scale). III Congress of Dry Land Ecosystems, November 13, 2008, Santa Marta, Colombia.

29. Altamirano, T., & Becerra, P., 2008. Recolonización Natural de Aves en Ambientes Reforestados con Bosque Nativo en la Zona Central de Chile (Natural recovering of birds in reforested environment with native species in Central Chile). Congreso Internacional sobre Aves Rapaces y Conservación, Quito, Ecuador 2008.

30. Armesto, J.J., Reid, S., Hoffmann, A., Celis, J.L., Willson, M.F., 2008. Interacciones planta-frugívoro en bosques mediterráneo-templados de Chile, relevancia histórica, actual y futura. (Plant-frugivore interactions in Mediterranean-temperate forests of Chile, past, present and future relevance). II Congress of Ecology of Mexico, November 20, 2008, Mérida, México.

31. Necochea, P., Smith-Ramírez, C., Miranda, A. and Armesto, J., 2008.Cambios vegetacionales en la región mediterránea de Chile en los últimos 50 años (1955 - 2005). (Fifty years of vegetation change in the Chilean Mediterranean region (1955 – 2005)). XLI Congress of Biological Society of Chile, November 26, 2008, Pucón, Chile.

32. PUC won complementary funds to develop WP 4. Project name: Evaluation of potencial use El Niño phenomena in restoration of native vegetation of central Chile. This project was send by UACH (partner 3) and PUC (partner 2). Funds from National Comitte to Science (Conicyt). 16.600.000 Chilean pesos, 22.133 euros (750 Chilean pesos = 1 euro).

33. PUC won complementary funds to develop WP 5. Project name: Ecological restoration in Sierras de Bellavista. Funds from National Comitte of Environment (CONAMA). 9.000.000 Chilean pesos, 12.000 euros (750 Chilean pesos = 1 euro).

34. The project launch was held in the Colliguay Valley on January 18, 2008. Private landowners involved in restoration activities, regional stakeholders and students from ReForLan participated in this activity.

35. A newspaper article on forest restoration activities (WP4) was published in “El Sur” regional newspaper from Concepcion (July 14th).

36. A newspaper article on forest restoration activities (WP4) was also published in the national newspaper “La Tercera” (July 14th).

37. A newspaper article on WP1 activities related to land use changes was published in the national newspaper “La Tercera” (September 13th).

38. A presentation about ReForLan project, among other Chilean restoration initiatives, was presented by Cristian Echeverria in a seminar on remote sensing applications in forest science at Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (November 14th).

39. An oral presentation on the impacts of biodiversity loss in Chile was presented by Cristian Echeverria at the El Vergel Agricultural School, Angol (October 20th).

40. A presentation on ReForLan project, “Processes and Patterns in Fragmented Landscapes”, was presented by Cristian Echeverria in a seminar on the Nahuelbuta Reserve at the Universidad de Concepción (September 10th).

41. Three posters were presented by Nayadet Cid, Gustavo Bolados and Guillermo Machuca at the Ecological Society of Chile Conference held in Pucon (November 26-29th).

42. An oral presentation on land use change was presented by Cristian Echeverria at the Ecological Society of Chile Conference held in Pucon (November 26th-29th).

27

43. A website was developed for the new “Landscape Ecology Laboratory” established at Facultad de Ciencias Forestales at UACH. This website presents the main projects related to the field, among which ReForLan project appears with its summary and most important activities <www.lep.udec.cl>.

44. A website was developed for the Latin-American network on ecological restoration (REDLAN), organization that involves all the restoration initiatives in Latin-American countries. ReForLan project appears as one of the main projects on restoration in Chile <www.redlan.org>.

45. Mathiasen, P. & Premoli, A.C., 2007. Variación genética en Nothofagus pumilio a lo largo del gradiente latitudinal. III Reunión Binacional de Ecología Argentina-Chile. La Serena, Chile. 30 September - 4 October 2007.

46. Premoli, A.C. & Kitzberger, T., 2007. Evidencia genética de refugios glaciarios de bosque de Nothofagus en la costa Atlántica de Tierra del Fuego. III Reunión Binacional de Ecología Argentina-Chile. La Serena, Chile. 30 September - 4 October 2007.

47. Souto, C.P., Premoli, A.C., Kitzberger, T. & Newton, A.C., 2007. Bosques marginales de Austrocedrus chilensis: dispersión a larga distancia o paleofragmentación por fuego?: evidencia genética. III Reunión Binacional de Ecología Argentina-Chile. La Serena, Chile. 30 September - 4 October 2007.

48. Premoli, A. C. & Brewer C.A., 2007. Environmental vs. genetically driven variation in ecophysiological traits of Nothofagus pumilio from contrasting elevations. Australian Journal of Botany 55: 585-591.

49. Premoli, A.C., Raffaele, E. & Mathiasen, P., 2007. Morphological and Phenological differences in Nothofagus pumilio from contrasting elevations. Austral Ecology 32: 515-523.

50. Premoli, A.C., Echeverria, C. and Machuca, G., 2008. A poster was presented at the National Congress on Biodiversity Conservation, Argentina (August 11-14th).

51. Lallement, M.E, Tognetti, C. and Gobbi, M.E., 2008. Plantación de lengas en matorrales post-fuego: efecto de la modificación del sustrato utilizando residuos madereros. Congreso de Biodiversidad y Conservación (Esquel, Argentina), October 2008.

52. Souto, C.P., Premoli, A.C., Kitzberger, T., 2008. Patterns of genetic variation of Austrocedrus chilensis and their correlate with the history of disturbances in Patagonia. XXIII Reunión Argentina de Ecología. San Luis, Argentina. 25-28 november 2008.

53. Kitzberger, T., Souto, C.P. and Premoli, A.C., 2008. Are fragmented woodlands of Austrocedrus from NW Patagonia fire paleorefugia? Demographic evidences. (Dissertation Heinemann). XXIII Reunión Argentina de Ecología. San Luis, Argentina. 25-28 november 2008.

54. Fundación ProYungas web-site has a section for the ReForLan project <http://www.proyungas.org.ar/nuestrotrabajo/reforlan.htm>, linked to the main project web-site.

55. April 2007. FPY presented the work and achievements of the Responsible Forestry Management Program, a body of actions implemented by FPY that includes the ReForLan Project in a workshop at Tarija, Bolivia.

56. In press. FPY (partner 5) edited the booklet “Tree growth and performance in reforestation and restoration trials: experiences from Valle Morado experimental plantation”: this publication in Spanish summarizes seven years of reforestation and

28

http://www.proyungas.org.ar/nuestrotrabajo/reforlan.htm

http://www.redlan.org/

http://www.lep.udec.cl/

restoration experiences from a 50-ha experimental plot that harbours 8 native and 7 exotic tree species.

57. March 2008. FPY (partner 5) edited the book “Ecology, natural history and conservation of Premontane forests at the austral Yungas”: the book focuses on ReForLan study area and compiles, in the form of chapters, available and recently produced information for this threatened ecosystem. It was published in Spanish by Ediciones del Subtrópico with support of the ReForLan Project. Two chapters correspond to project staff.

58. ECOSUR, 2007 Collecting seeds: good practices for seed collection from native tree species and ECOSUR, 2007 Forest restoration and sustainable management of the tropical dry forest in central Chiapas, Mexico.

59. Miceli-Méndez, C.L., Ferguson, B.G. and Ramírez-Marcial, N., 2008. Seed Dispersal by Cattle: Natural History and Applications to Neotropical Forest Restoration and Agroforestry. In: Myster, R.W. (Ed), Post-Agricultural Succession in the Neotropics, Springer, pp 165-191.

60. Alfredo Velasco Pérez, 2008. MSc. thesis. Escuela de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México.

61. Rigoberto Alfaro. 2008. Influence of holistic vs. conventional management on composition and function of pastures in the dry tropics. MSc. thesis. ECOSUR, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico.

62. Poster title: Diversidad de árboles del Bosque seco en la Depresión Central de Chiapas, México. II Mexican Congress of Ecology, Mérida, Yucatán, México, November 17-21, 2008.

63. Five “Sustainable Livelihood” workshops were held in Chiapas, México, for interviewing local people in order to accomplish the objectives of WP8.

64. Trujillo Argueta Sonia, Gomez Ocampo Zaneli, del Castillo Rafael F. y Mondragón Chaparro Demetria. 2007. Determinación del grado de endogamia de dos especies explotadas en Oaxaca. Séptimo Simposio Internacional Bienal de Estudios Oaxaqueños. Instituto Welte de Estudios Oaxaqueños. Universidad Regional del Sureste, campus El Rosario. 2-4 agosto 2007 Oaxaca, Oax.

65. Vázquez Mendoza, S. Rivera García Raúl y Valenzuela Ricardo 2009 Pamphlet of local mushroom of Santa Catarina Ixtepeji

66. Community workshops in Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, Mexico

67. Zaneli Gómez Ocampo, 2007. MSc dissertation. Diversidad genética de una bromelia de importancia comercial. Tesis maestría en Ciencias en conservación y aprovechamiento de recursos naturales. CIIDIR Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional

68. del Castillo, R.F. and Trujillo, S., 2008. The effect of inbreeding depression on outcrossing estimates in populations of a tropical pine. New Phytologist 177(2): 517-524.

69. del Castillo, R.F. and Pérez-Ríos, M.A., 2008. Changes in seed rain during secondary succession in a tropical montane cloud forest region in Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24(4): 433-444.

70. del Castillo, R. F., S. Trujillo A., and Sáenz-Romero, C. 2009. Ecology, genetics, and conservation of Pinus chiapensis, a keystone species. Forest Ecology and Management 257: 2201–2208

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71. del Castillo, R. F. and S. Trujillo A. 2009. Reproductive implications of combined and separate sexes in a trioecious population of Opuntia robusta (Cactaceae). American Journal of Botany 96(6): 1148-115

72. Vázquez Mendoza Sadoth, 2008. MSc dissertation. Ecología de Comunidades de Macromicetos a lo largo de un Gradiente Altitudinal en Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca. Tesis Maestría en Ciencias.

73. Aguilar Santelises María de los Remedios y del Castillo Rafael F. 2008. Valoración del efecto de la aculturación sobre el conocimiento tradicional de uso de plantas en El Rincón, Sierra Norte, Oaxaca Congreso Mexicano de Ecología 2008, Mérida, Yucatán, 16-21 de noviembre 2008. Oral presentation

74. Illustrated field guide of common mushrooms in Santa Catarina Ixtepeji completed and in searching for a publisher.

75. “Fenología de árboles con potencial para restauración ecológica del bosque seco de Veracruz”. Claudia Alvarez-Aquino, Javier Tolome Romero and Guadalupe Williams-Linera. XVII Mexican Conference of Botany. Zacatecas, Zacatecas, October 14-18, 2007.

76. “Estructura de la vegetación y biodiversidad de árboles en el bosque seco del centro de Veracruz con fines de restauración”. Guadalupe Williams-Linera. XVII Mexican Congress of Botany. Zacatecas, Zacatecas, October 14-18, 2007.

77. Poster in the web-site exhibition about important projects being carried out at INECOL (http://www.ecologia.edu.mx/inecol2005/nuevacara/carteles/27.jpg).

78. Estructura, composición y diversidad de la selva baja caducifolia del centro de Veracruz, Mexico. BSc thesis. Student: Luis Eduardo Zacarías. Advisor: Guadalupe Williams-Linera. Date: May 2007.

79. IE has developed a web site <http://proyectos.inecol.edu.mx/reforlan/>promoting the project in Veracruz where results and recommendations will be made widely available to the research, conservation and development communities.

80. Maria Elena Ramos. Presentation of research proposal. Colegio de Veracruz. Xalapa, Veracruz. March, 2008.

81. Daniela Nogueira Trueba. Contribución al conocimiento de la flora del Bosque Tropical Caducifolio en el centro de Veracruz, México. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Universidad Veracruzana. Campus Orizaba-Córdoba, Peñuela, Veracruz. Undergraduate thesis. October 2008.

82. Maria Toledo Garibaldi. Estructura de la vegetación, composición y diversidad de especies leñosas a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal de la selva baja caducifolia del centro de Veracruz. Historia y proyección futura. Facultad de Biología. Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Undergraduate thesis. Completed and defended on November 3, 2008.

83. Montero, J.A. and López-Barrera, F. El papel de las políticas públicas en el cambio de uso de suelo, la restauración del paisaje forestal, la conservación de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo sustentable. El caso de la selva baja caducifolia en el centro de Veracruz, México. The 6th Annual Colloquium of the IUCN Academy of Environmental Law. Mexico, D.F. November 10-15, 2008. Oral presentation.

84. Williams-Linera, G. Restauración del paisaje del bosque tropical seco para la conservación de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo rural en el centro de Veracruz. In: Simposio, Aproximaciones y estrategias de la restauración ecológica en México. Mexican Congress of Ecology. Mérida, Yucatán. November 16-21, 2008. Invited oral presentation.

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http://www.ecologia.edu.mx/inecol2005/nuevacara/carteles/27.jpg

85. Alvarez-Aquino, C., G. Williams-Linera. Restauración ecológica experimental de selva baja caducifolia en el centro de Veracruz. Mexican Congress of Ecology. Mérida, Yucatán. November 16-21, 2008. Oral presentation.

86. Pedraza, R. A. Evaluación de plantaciones forestales y su papel en la restauración de la selva baja caducifolia en el centro de Veracruz. Mexican Congress of Ecology. Mérida, Yucatán. November 16-21, 2008. Oral presentation.

87. Ponce González, O., C. Alvarez-Aquino. Remoción de semillas y germinación (in situ y ex situ) de cuatro especies arbóreas nativas de la selva baja caducifolia del centro de Veracruz. Mexican Congress of Ecology. Mérida, Yucatán. November 16-21, 2008. Poster.

88. Méndez Main, S., 2008. Actividad Económica y situación social de un municipio situado en la región del bosque seco: Paso de Ovejas. Con-ciencia política. (Revista Veracruzana de El Colegio de Veracruz. Xalapa, México, especializada en ciencia política, administración pública, desarrollo regional y derecho. Publicación trimestral).

89. Hernández Ascensión, E., 2008. Biodiversidad y sucesión secundaria en el bosque tropical seco del centro de Veracruz, México. Escuela de Biología. BUAP. Puebla, Puebla. Undergraduate thesis completed and defended: December 5, 2008.

90. Montero Solano, J.A., 2008. El papel de las políticas públicas en el cambio de uso de suelo en el centro de Veracruz: hacia la restauración del paisaje forestal, la conservación de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo sustentable. Universidad Anahuac. Maestria en Política, Gestión y Derecho Ambientales. Xalapa, Veracruz. MSc thesis. Completed.

91. Ponce González, O., 2008. Remoción de semillas y germinación (in situ y ex situ) de cuatro especies arbóreas nativas de la selva baja caducifolia del centro de Veracruz. Facultad de Biología, UV. Undergraduate thesis. Completed.

92. Rey Benayas, J.M., Martins, A., Nicolau, J.M. & Schulz, J.J. 2007. Abandonment of agricultural land: an overview of drivers and consequences. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 2, No. 057.

93. Rey Benayas, J.M., Bullock, J.M. y Newton, A.C. 2007. Creación de islotes forestales para reconciliar restauración ecológica, conservación y uso agrícola. I Congreso Nacional de Biodiversidad. DIVERSITAS/International Union Biological Sciences. 12-14 November, 2007. Segovia. Pp. 22.

94. Rey Benayas, J.M., Bullock, J.M. y Newton, A.C. 2007. Creación de islotes forestales para reconciliar restauración ecológica, conservación y uso agrícola. Reunión “Retos y nuevas perspectivas en la revegetación de sistemas forestales”. Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales y Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre. 21-23 November, 2007. Alcalá de Henares. Pp. 303-308.

95. González-Espinosa, M., Rey Benayas, J.M. y Ramírez-Marcial, N. (eds.), 2008. Restauración de bosques en América Latina. Mundi-Prensa México y Fundación Internacional para la Restauración de Ecosistemas. México DF. More information at <http://www.fundacionfire.org/publicaciones.html>.

96. Official Master on Restoration Ecology, directed by Jose M. Rey Benayas. More information at <http://www2.uah.es/master_rest_eco/>. 2007 – onwards.

97. Rey Benayas, J.M., Bullock, J.M. & Newton, A.C., 2008. Creating woodland islets to reconcile ecological restoration, conservation, and agricultural land use. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6, 329-336 (doi: 10.1890/070057).

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http://www.fundacionfire.org/publicaciones.html

98. Rey Benayas, J.M., Bullock, J.M. y Newton, A.C., 2008. La creación de islotes forestales en tierras de cultivo. Quercus 270: 22-26.

99. Cayuela, L., de la Cruz, M. & Ruokolainen, K., 2009. A method to incorporate the effect of taxonomic uncertainty in the face of taxonomic uncertainty. Ecography, accepted.

100. Golicher, D.J., Cayuela, L. & Newton, A., 2008. Pseudo-absences, pseudo-models and pseudo-niches: pitfalls of the area under the curve. Ecography, submitted.

101. Orsi, F., Geneletti, D. Combining environmental and socioeconomic indicators in a spatial context to identify priority areas for forest restoration. In Carey, P. (Ed.) Landscape Ecology and Conservation (Proceedings of the 15th Annual IALE (UK) Conference, held at Murray Edwards College Cambridge, 2008), pp. 1-8. IALE (UK).

102. - Ianni E. Seminar held at Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa, Mexico, 5 November 2008, on MCA as decision support tool in environmental decision-making.- Ianni E. Seminar held at CITRO, Xalapa, Mexico, 5 November 2008, on MCA as decision support tool in environmental decision-making.

103. UACh worked on a complementary project to REFORLAN. This project is about the assessment of water demands in the Casablanca Valley and the determination of priority sites for restoration with the purpose of securing a larger water production and with a better quality. This project was funded by the National Committee of Science and Technology (CONICYT). 18.000.000 Chilean pesos, 23076 euros (780 Chilean pesos = 1 euro).

104. The complementary project organized a workshop in the Casablanca County. In this workshop the main project objectives were presented and REFORLAN activities were also communicated to the local people (R. Urrutia made an oral presentation REFORLAN). Water managers of rural communities and local and regional stakeholders participated in this activity.

105. C. Echeverría made two oral presentations in the 19th Conference of the Society for Ecological Restoration International hold in Perth, Western Australia, 23-27 August 2009:- -Restoration of dryland forest landscapes for biodiversity conservation in Central Chile. C. Echeverria, R. Urrutia, J. Schulz, JM. Rey-Benayas, A. Lara. - Replacement of a forest stand of exotic species by native plants in the dry-land landscape in Central Chile. C. Echeverria, G. Bolados, R. Pizarro.

106. C. Echeverría also presented two posters in the 19th Conference of the Society for Ecological Restoration International hold in Perth, Western Australia, 23-27 August 2009- An integrated approach to restore the natural capital of dryland forest in central Chile. I. Schiappacasse, L. Nahuelhual, F. Vásquez, C. Echeverría.- Restoration of dryland forest landscapes for biodiversity conservation in central Chile. C. Echeverría, R. Urrutia, J. Schulz, J. M. Rey-Benayas, A. Lara.

107. Two oral presentations were given by project members in the Latin America Congress of Landscape Ecology in Brazil:- C. Echeverría presented: ““A comprehensive assessment of spatial patterns and causes of landscape change in Chile” C. Echeverria, A. Newton, JM Rey-Benayas, J. Schulz, L. Nahuelhual, D. González”. Latin American Congress of Landscape Ecology, Campos do Jordão, Brazil, 4-7 October 2009. - I. Schiappacasse presented: “An integrate approach to restore the natural capital of dryland forests in central Chile”. I. Schiappacasse, L. Nahuelhual, F. Vásquez, c. Echeverría. Latin American Congress of Landscape Ecology, Campos do Jordão, Brazil, 4-7 October 2009.

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108. R. Fuentes presented a poster in the Latin American Congress of Landscape Ecology entitled “Estimating forest degradation using MODIS products in the dry land forest landscape in Central Chile” D. González, R. Fuentes, C. Echeverria C, AP.Cortes.

109. Ignacio Schiappacasse attended to the World Forestry Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18-23 October, 2009. He presented two posters:- An integrated approach to restore the natural capital of dryland forest in central Chile”. I. Schiappacasse, L. Nahuelhual, F. Vásquez, C. Echeverría.- Spatio-temporal analysis of deforestation and fragmentation patterns. C. Echeverria, JM. Rey-Benayas, L. Nahuelhual, D. González, A. Newton.

110. A. Lara and R. Urrutia sent a report on native forests in Chile. It included information on REFORLAN results and it will be published in 2010. - Lara, R. Reyes & R. Urrutia. Bosques Nativos in: Informe Pais, Estado del medio ambiente en Chile 2009 (Native Forests in: National Report, State of the environment in Chile). Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile (submitted).

111. A final workshop on the main results of REFORLAN and the complementary project will be held in Viña del Mar on December 11, 2009. The local community and Regional stake holders will be invited to participate. Researchers and students from UACh and PUC will present their results. A total of 11 oral presentations were given.

112. A booklet containing the main results of the REFORLAN project, especially concerning the restoration techniques, will be primarily distributed in the final workshop of REFORLAN.

113. I. Schiappacasse is in the final stage of his Master thesis entitled “Considering time in the contingent valuation method: a case study from Central Chile”.This thesis contributes to the accomplishment of WP5.

114. Ignacio Schiappacasse made an oral presentation at the XIV Congreso de Economistas Agrarios de Chile. Viña del Mar, Chile. 5-6 de noviembre 2009. The title of the presentation was “Valuing the benefits of dryland forest restoration in central Chile”. Schiappacasse, I., Nahuelhual, L., Vásquez,, F., Echeverría, C.

115. A newspaper article on Reforlan’s results was published in “La Tercera”, a national distribution newspaper. This article illustrated the major achievements obtained for WP1, WP2, WP4, WP5, WP7, WP8 and WP9 by UACh.

116. Williams-Linera, G. and Lorea, F., 2009. Tree species diversity driven by environmental and anthropogenic factors in tropical dry forest fragments of central Veracruz, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 18:3269–3293. DOI 10.1007/s10531-009-9641-3.

117. Laura Patricia Barradas Sánchez. Caracterización del banco de semillas en vegetación secundaria de selva baja caducifolia en el centro de Veracruz. Facultad de Biología, UV. Xalapa, Mexico. Completed.

118. Gómez Alanis, C. and Williams-Linera, G. 2009. Análisis multicriterio de variables bióticas y culturales para identificar áreas prioritarias para la conservación de la selva baja caducifolia. VII Congreso Nacional sobre Áreas Naturales Protegidas de México. July 13-17, 2009, San Luis Potosí, México. Poster presentation.

119. Gómez Alanis, C., Williams-Linera, G. and Ladrón de Guevara, S. 2009. Uso de variables bioticas y culturales en el análisis multicriterio para identificar áreas de importancia para la conservación del bosque tropical caducifolio en el centro de Veracruz.

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Encuentro Nacional sobre Biodiversidad, Conservación y Restauración Ecológica. 17-19 November, 2009, Morelia, México. Poster presentation.

120. Suárez, A., Williams-Linera, G., Vibrans, H, Valdez-Hernández, J.I., Cetina-Alcalá, V, Trejo, C. Integrando el Conocimiento Local en la Selección de Especies Leñosas para Recuperación de Bosque Seco en Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz, México. VII Congreso Mexicano de Etnobiología y 1er Congreso Latinoamericano de Etnobiología, Pachuca, Mexico, 2-6 November, 2009. Oral presentation

121. Williams-Linera, G. Restauracion ecologica y biodiversidad en paisajes forestales del centro de Veracruz. Simposio sobre Restauración Ecológica. In: Encuentro Nacional sobre Biodiversidad, Conservación y Restauración Ecológica. Morelia, Mexico, 19 November 2009. Simposium presentation.

122. Suárez-Islas, A. Selección de especies leñosas potenciales para la rehabilitación de la selva baja caducifolia de Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz con base en el conocimiento local. Colegio de Postgraduados. Seminario de Botánica. Montecillos, Mexico. August 19, 2009. Seminar presentation.

123. Orsi, F., Geneletti, D., 2010. Identifying priority areas for Forest Landscape Restoration in Chiapas (Mexico): An operational approach combining ecological and socioeconomic criteria. Landscape and Urban Planning 94, 20-30.

124. Ianni, E., Malizia, L., Geneletti, D. An experience of Forest Landscape Restoration in the Yungas ecosystem (Northern Argentina). UNEP Report.

125. Orsi, F., Church, R. L., Geneletti, D. An Integer Programming-based model to include ecosystem services into the prioritisation of forest restoration areas. Oral presentation and abstract at the European Congress of Conservation Biology held in Prague (1-5 September 2009).

126. Garnier, F. 2008. Economic and Financial Analyses of Reforestation and Forest Enrichment in Northwestern Argentina. Fundación ProYungas.

127. Blundo, C y LR Malizia. 2009. Impacto del aprovechamiento forestal en la estructura y diversidad de la selva pedemontana. En AD Brown, P Blendinger y T Lomáscolo (Eds.), Ecología, historia natural y conservación de la Selva Pedemontana de las Yungas Australes. Ediciones del Subtrópico, Fundación ProYungas.

128. Malizia, LR, SE Pacheco y BA Loiselle. 2009. Árboles de valor forestal en las Yungas de la alta cuenca del río Bermejo. En AD Brown, P Blendinger y T Lomáscolo (Eds.), Ecología, historia natural y conservación de la Selva Pedemontana de las Yungas Australes. Ediciones del Subtrópico, Fundación ProYungas.

129. Eliano, PM, C Badinier y LR Malizia. 2009. Manejo forestal sustentable en Yungas: protocolo para el desarrollo de un plan de manejo forestal e implementación en una finca piloto. Ediciones del Subtrópico, Fundación ProYungas. 101 pp.

130. Balducci, ED, MF Arturi, JF Goya y AD Brown. 2009. Potencial de Plantaciones Forestales en el Pedemonte de las Yungas. Ediciones del Subtrópico, Fundación ProYungas. 39 pp.

131. Pacheco S., Cristobal L., Buzza K. Land Use Change in the Yungas Biosphere Reserve in NW Argentina and its area of influence (1975-2005). Latin American Landscape Ecology Conference. Campos do Jordão, Brasil. October 4-7, 2009. Poster.

132. Ianni, E, M Mattenet, D Geneletti y LR Malizia. 2009. Community-based forest management in the Yungas Biosphere Reserve, Northern Argentina. Environment, Development and Sustainability.

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133. Fundación ProYungas y ONF Internacional. 2009. Forest restoration of sensitive lands in the Yungas Biosphere Reserve, Provinces of Jujuy and Salta, Argentina.

134. Blundo, C, Malizia L.R, Pacheco S. 2009. Red Subtropical de Parcelas Permanentes en la Cuenca del Río Bermejo: Diversidad, Uso y Conservación del bosque. Congreso Forestal Mundial. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 18-23 Octubre. Poster.

135. Badinier, C, LR Malizia y P Eliano. 2009. Definición de criterios y líneas prioritarias de acción para el manejo de las selvas subtropicales de montaña (Yungas) del noroeste de Argentina. 18-23 Octubre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Poster.

136. Theoretical and Practical Workshop: Tools for GIS. By Pacheco S., Cristóbal L., and Buzza K. Tucumán, Argentina. December 14-18, 2009.

137. Rey Benayas, J.M., Bullock, J.M. y Newton, A.C. 2008. Creación de islotes forestales para reconciliar restauración ecológica, conservación y uso agrícola. Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales 28: 277-282.

138. Rey Benayas, J.M., Newton, A.C., Díaz, A., Bullock, J.M. 2009. Enhancement of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by Ecological Restoration: a Meta-analysis. Science 325: 1121-1124. Pdf at http://www2.uah.es/josemrey/Investigacion/Reprints/ReyBenayas_Restoration_Science_pr2009.pdf

139. Cayuela, L. 2009. Fragmentation. En: Gillespie, R. & Clague, D. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California Press, pp. 328-330.

140. Cayuela, L., Golicher, D.J., Newton, A., Kolb, M., de Alburquerque, F.S., Arets, E.J.M.M., Alkemade, R.M. y Pérez, A.M. 2009. Species distribution modelling in the tropics: Problems, potentialities, and the role of biological data for species conservation. Tropical Conservation Science 2(3): 319-352.

141. Cayuela, L., Hawk, A.A., Fernández-Vega, J., Murcia, C., Oviedo-Brenes, F. 2009. Tree responses to habitat fragmentation and canopy openness in a tropical premontane forest fragment in southern Costa Rica. Tropical Conservation Science 2(4): 420-431.

142. Cayuela, L., de la Cruz, M., Ruokolainen, K. 2009. A method to incorporate the effect of taxonomic uncertainty into a correlation between distance matrices. Poster presentation at DIVERSITAS OSC2, Biodiversity and Society, Understanding connections, adapting to change. 13-16 October 2009, Cape Town, South Africa. pp. 182-183.

143. Galvez, L., Cayuela, L. 2009. The Tree Biodiversity Network (BIOTREE): Prospects for biodiversity research and conservation in the tropics. Poster presentation at DIVERSITAS OSC2, Biodiversity and Society, Understanding connections, adapting to change. 13-16 October 2009, Cape Town, South Africa. pp. 196.

144. Preliminarey program of the BIOTREE-NET Workshop. Granada, Spain, 23-25 March 2010.

145. Rey Benayas, J.M. 2009. Restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services. IX Congreso Nacional de la Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre held in Jaen, Spain. Abstract Book, pp. 199.

146. Rey Benayas, J.M. 2009. Restauración de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos. El caso de los paisajes agrícolas. Conferencia impartida en Huancayo, Perú.

147. Rey Benayas, J.M. 2009. Restauración de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos. El caso de los paisajes agrícolas. Conferencia impartida en Satipo, Perú.

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http://tropicalconservationscience.mongabay.com/content/v2/09-08-10_319-352_cayuela_et_al.pdf






http://archivos-para-subir.googlegroups.com/web/Cayuela2009.pdf?gda=cDQdw0EAAAABV8DnKdep7DQec7BaKTDeQyOitVs9rgctWVyEOPVGnsysCmCE2xaGUOwoSlIa_-ZTCT_pCLcFTwcI3Sro5jAzlXFeCn-cdYleF-vtiGpWAA

http://archivos-para-subir.googlegroups.com/web/Cayuela2009.pdf?gda=cDQdw0EAAAABV8DnKdep7DQec7BaKTDeQyOitVs9rgctWVyEOPVGnsysCmCE2xaGUOwoSlIa_-ZTCT_pCLcFTwcI3Sro5jAzlXFeCn-cdYleF-vtiGpWAA

http://www2.uah.es/josemrey/Investigacion/Reprints/ReyBenayas_Restoration_Science_pr2009.pdf



148. Huerta, M. 2007. 27 surveys were applied to decision-makers in Villaflores, Chiapas, Mex.

149. Parra, M., Herrera, B., Huerta, M., Ramos, P., Román, S., Araujo, R., Liscovsky, I. y Sánchez, V. 2009. Manual de Planeación Comunitaria. ECOSUR, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mex.

150. Huerta, M. 11 Sustainable Livelihood Workshop in poor villages in Chiapas, Mex., between 2008 and 2009.

151. Huerta, M. 11 Written paper by Sustainable Livelihood Workshop, between 2008 and 2009.

152. Huerta, M. 2008-2009. Nine reports: Evaluation of the Natural Capital in the same villages of the workshop. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal, Mexico.

153. Pacheco Hernández Adriana, María de los Remedios Aguilar Santelises, Marco Antonio Vásquez Dávila 2009. Plantas útiles del bosque templado de Santiago Huauclilla, Nochixtlán, Oaxaca Congreso Latinoamericano de Etnobiología. Mineral de Reforma, Hidalgo, México

154. del Castillo, R. F. and S. Trujillo A. 2009. Evidence of restoration cost in the annual gynodioecious Phacelia dubia. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22(1). 306-313.

155. Vázquez Mendoza, S. del Castillo, R. F. y Valenzuela Ricardo. 2009. Implicaciones de la distribución altitudinal de macromicetos en Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca, Mexico. III Simposio: Ecología, manejo y conservación de los ecosistemas de montaña en México. Programa de Conservación y aprovechamiento de los recursos bióticos, CIIDIR Oaxaca Instituto Politécnico Nacional, expected to be defended by December 2010.

156. Del Castillo, R.F. 2009. Restauración de ecosistemas naturales degradades: la importancia del disturbio en la regeneración natural del bosque en México VII Simposio de Recursos Genéticos para América Latina y el Caribe, Pucón Chile 29 de octubre del 2009. pp. 45-46.

157. Vázquez Mendoza, S. del Castillo, R. F. y Valenzuela Ricardo. 2009. Patrones de diversidad de macromicetos lignícolas y micorrízicos respecto a gradientes altitudinales. Congreso Nacional de Micología, Guadalajara Jalisco, September 24, 2009.

158. Trujillo Argueta Sonia y del Castillo Rafael F. 2009. Estimación de polimorfismo genético en una rosacea por medio de SNPs. V Jornadas Politécnicas de Investigación. CIIDIR IPN Unidad Oaxaca. Noviembre 10-12 2009. Nacional National Symposium with published article.

159. Trujillo Argueta Sonia, Gomez Ocampo Zaneli, del Castillo Rafael F. y Mondragón Chaparro Demetria. 2009. Estructura genética de una epífita de importancia económica en Oaxaca, México. Simposio “Conservación y Manejo de los Recursos Vegetales en América Latina”. Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Diciembre 3-4 2009. with published abstract.

160. del Castillo R.F., S. Trujillo and Cuauhtemoc Sáenz-Romero. 2008. Ecological and genetic considerations for conservation of an endangered Mexican white pine. Conference on breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines. Korea forest search Institute. 22-26 september. Yang yang, South Korea. With published abstract.

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161. Del Castillo, R.F & S. Trujillo Argueta. 2008. Genetic factors may increase the risk of population extinction in small populations of a tropical pine. XX International Congress of Genetics. Berlin, Germany. July 12-17. With published abstract

162. Del Castillo, R.F, S. Trujillo Argueta. 2007. Mating systems in a tropical pine with contrasting population sizes. The Ecological Society of America (ESA) 92nd Annual Meeting been held jointly with the Society for Ecological Restoration International (SER)18th International Conference. August 5-10 2007. San José, California, USA. With published abstract.

163. Trujillo Argueta Sonia y del Castillo Rafael F. 2009. Estimación de polimorfismo genético en una rosacea por medio de SNPs. V Jornadas Politécnicas de Investigación. CIIDIR IPN Unidad Oaxaca. Noviembre 10-12 2009.

164. Gomez O.Z., S. Trujillo A., R.F del Castillo, M.D Mondragón Ch.. Variación isoenzimática en Catopsis berteroniana (Shult.F.)Mez. II Simposio de Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. CIIDIR IPN Unidad Oaxaca. 25-27 abril 2007. Sta. Cruz Xoxocotlan, Oax. Versión en CD. Trabajo publicado en extenso.

165. Vásquez Mendoza, S., R. F. del Castillo y Ricardo Valenzuela Garza. 2007. Listado preliminar de macromicetos del municipio de Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca, México XI Congreso de la Sociedad Mesoamericana para la Biología y la Conservación 26-30 de noviembre del 2007, Oaxtepec, Morelos, México.

166. Del Castillo R.F. and S. Trujillo Argueta. 2007 Mating system in a tropical pine with contrasting population sizes. Ecological Society of America and Ecological Society of America and Society of Ecological Restoration. Joint meeting, 5-10 August, PS-62-97.

167. Zacarías-Eslava, Yunuhé, R. F. del Castillo. Sobre las comunidades templadas de la Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca, en diferentes pisos altitudinales. Manuscript accepted with minor modifications in Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México Nov. 2009

168. Zacarias Eslava Yunhué. 2009. Estructura y composición del bosque templado en Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca, a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal. Tesis Maestría en Ciencias

169. Community Workshop on conservation. IPN. High School students, teachers and local authorities in Mexico.

170. Becerra P. Ecología de la restauración en ecosistemas mediterráneos de Chile. IV Coloquio Herencia Natural de Chile. Restauración en ambientes terrestres y acuáticos: ¿utopia o realidad? Noviembre 12.

171. C. Smith. 2008. Presentation of Reforlan project in a course on Forest Ecology in Universidad de Los Lagos, December 2008, Osorno, Chile

172. A. Miranda, T. Fuentes, C Smith-Ramirez and M. Holmgren. Vegetation cover dynamics in the Chilean Mediterranean Region. InterAmerican Landscape Ecology Congress. Sao Paulo, Brasil. October 2009.

173. A. Vásquez, C Smith-Ramirez, N. Cid, C. Echeverría and J. Armesto. Landscape drivers in tree diversity and plant regeneracion in Mediterranean Chilean forests. InterAmerican Landscape Ecology Congress. Sao Paulo, Brasil. October 2009.

174. C Smith. Presentation of Reforlan project in a curse of Ecological Restoration of the Silviculture department of Universidad Austral de Chie, Ocober 2009. Valdivia, Chile.

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175. C Smith. Restauración pasiva del bosque esclerófilo. December 11, 2009, Valparaiso, Chile.

176. C. Smith. Presentation of Reforlan Project to environmentalist, The Nature Conservancy and REPARA NGO. Universidad Católica de Chile. September 2007. Santiago, Chile.

177. Becerra, P., C Smith-Ramírez, J. Armesto. 2009. Ecología de restauración de los bosques esclerófilos de Chile central. Manuscript.

178. Becerra, P. C Smith-Ramírez, C. Echeverría, J. Armesto 2009. Plant biodiversity in a fragmented landscape in Central Chile. Manuscript.

179. C Smith-Ramírez, V Maturana and J. Armesto 2009. Willingness to restore with native species by rural communities in Central Chile. Manuscript.

180. Newton, A. C., L. Cayuela, C. Echeverría, J. J. Armesto, R. F. Del Castillo, D. Golicher, D. Geneletti, M. Gonzalez-Espinosa, A. Huth, F. López-Barrera, L. Malizia, R. Manson, A. Premoli, N. Ramírez-Marcial, J. Rey Benayas, N. Rüger, C. Smith-Ramírez, and G. Williams-Linera. 2009. Toward integrated analysis of human impacts on forest biodiversity: lessons from Latin America. Ecology and Society 14(2): 2. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art2/

181. Cayuela, L., Golicher, D. J., Newton, A. C., Kolb, M., de Alburquerque, F. S., Arets, E. J. M. M., Alkemade, J. R. M. and Pérez A. M. (2009) Species distribution modelling in the tropics: problems, potentialities and the role of biological data for effective species conservation. Tropical Conservation Science. Vol. 2 (3):319-352, 2009.

182. Newton A C, Hill R, Echeverría C, Golicher D, Rey Benayas JM, Cayuela L and Hinsley S (2009) Remote sensing and the future of landscape ecology. Progress in Physical Geography. 33; 528. DOI: 10.1177/0309133309346882

183. Birch, J., Newton, A.C., Alvarez Aquino C, Cantarello E, Echeverría C, Kitzberger T, Schiappaccasse I, Tejedor Garavito N. (2009) Cost-effectiveness of dryland forest restoration evaluated by spatial analysis of ecosystem services. PNAS.

184. Birch, J., 2009. The impact of forest restoration on natural capital and the provision of ecosystem services. Bournemouth University MSc dissertation. Dissertation completed.

185. Echeverria, C. (UACH) 2009 Interview and public feedback based on workshop for WP9 web page link:http://blogs.elmercurio.com/cienciaytecnologia/2009/12/15/mas-de-un-tercio-del-bosque-de.asp

186. Souto, C.P.; A.C. Premoli & P. Reich. Complex bioclimatic and soil gradients shape leaf trait variation in Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) among austral forests in Patagonia. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 82(2) 209-222.

187. Premoli, A.C.; P. Quiroga; C. P. Souto. Genética de la conservación: de poblaciones a filogeografía. Simonetti y Dirzo (eds.) (Book chapter)

188. Souto, C.P.; K. Heinemann; T. Kitzberger; & A.C. Premoli. Biodiversity and genetic patterns of Austrocedrus chilensis stands mirror fire history of drylands of Patagonia. Abstract accepted submitted to IV Southern Connection Congress to be held between 15-19th February 2010.

189. Gobbi, M.E. La restauración en los bosques andinopatagónicos. Una deuda pendiente. Bariloche Naturaleza y Tecnología 27:34-35. Registrada en el Ministerio RR.EE. bajo el número REG843085.

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http://blogs.elmercurio.com/cienciaytecnologia/2009/12/15/mas-de-un-tercio-del-bosque-de.asp

http://blogs.elmercurio.com/cienciaytecnologia/2009/12/15/mas-de-un-tercio-del-bosque-de.asp

http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art2/

190. Gobbi, M.E. I Taller de interpretación de los impactos ambientales en el territorio de la comunidad Currumil. 70 personas. Gobbi, M.E. I Taller de interpretación de los impactos ambientales en el territorio de la comunidad Puel. 15 personas. Gobbi, M.E. Taller de Producción de Plantas Nativas: Principios básicos. Comunidad Currumil. 60 personas.

191. Lallement, M.E., Tognetti, C. & Gobbi, M.E. Plantación de lengas en matorrales post-fuego: efecto de la modificación del sustrato utilizando residuos madereros. Primeras Jornadas de Ciencias Naturales en la Patagonia. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Esquel. Poster

192. Gobbi, M.E. Curso Restauración Ecológica: Un Proyecto Educativo Interdisciplinario. Semana de las Ciencias. Subsec. Ciencia, Tecnología y DPP de Río Negro. 20 hs.

193. Lallement, M., C. Tognetti & M.E. Gobbi. Participación de voluntarios en proyectos de restauración de bosques quemados. Ecos del Parque. En prensa.

194. Gowda, J.H. & Kitzberger, T. Land use planning in dynamic landscapes: a case study for northern Patagonian forests. Proceedings of the 16th Annual IALE Conference, held in 2009 (Brasil).

195. Gowda, J.H. & Kitzberger, T. La distribución actual y potencial del ciprés de la cordillera como herramienta para el ordenamiento territorial del ecotono norpatagonico. Ecogestion, Esquel, Argentina.

196. Kitzberger, T., Souto, C., & Premoli, A. The ghost of fragmentation past: habitat suitability models and genetic markers help unveil dry forest non-equilibrium landscapes in northern Patagonia. Proceedings of the 16th Annual IALE Conference, held in 2009 (Brasil).

197. Kitzberger, T., C. Souto, M. Arbetman, P. Mathiasen & A.C. Premoli. Niche model and genetics show opposite responses to glaciations in Patagonian trees with contrasting cold tolerances. Abstract accepted submitted to IV Southern Connection Congress to be held between 15-19th, February, 2010.

198. Premoli, A.C., Souto, C.P., Echeverría, C., Machuca, G., Acosta, M.C. Mathiasen, P. & M.P. Quiroga. Forest conservation: genetic and biodiversity distribution inputs. Oral contribution to the symposia Conservacion de bosques at Jornadas Argentinas de Botanica 2009.

199. Mathiasen, P. PhD thesis. Variación y estructura genética en Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endle.) Krasser ‘lenga’ a lo largo de diferentes gradientes ambientales. Advisor: A.C. Premoli.

200. Mathiasen, P. & A.C. Premoli. Out in the cold: genetic variation of Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae) provides evidence for latitudinally distinct evolutionary histories in austral South America. Molecular Ecology doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04456.x.

201. Premoli A.C., P. Mathiasen, T. Kitzberger. Forest fires reset genetic structure of seeders and preserve that of sprouters, evidence in South American Nothofagus. Oral contribution to the symposia Plant ecological genetic insights in the southern hemisphere. VI Southern Connection Congress 15-19 February 2010, Bariloche, Argentina.

202. Premoli A.C. Curso RED LATINOAMERICANA DE BOTÁNICA & POSTGRADO EN ECOLOGÍA & BIOLOGÍA EVOLUTIVA UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE ¿CUÁN ANTIGUA ES LA HISTORIA BIOGEOGRÁFICA DE ESPECIES ACTUALES DE NOTHOFAGUS S.S. DE PATAGONIA REFLEJADA POR PATRONES FILOGEOGRÁFICOS?

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cordis.europa.eu€¦ · web viewaltamirano, t., & becerra, p., 2008. recolonización natural...

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