Chapter 12. J. A. Downes. 1965. Adaptations of insects to the Arctic. Pages 257-274. In: Ray F. Smith, Thomas E. Mittler (editors). 1965. Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 10, 417 pages. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc.

Keywords: cold temperature adaptation, high elevation, physiological and ecological adaptations, ecology, behavior, and seasonal cycles, snow cover, dispersal to snow-capped mountains, supercooling, Anopheles occidentalis, overwinter, chironomids Pseudodiamesa arctica, mosquitoes, Aedes nigripes, Boreelus atriceps, Gynaephora spp., parthenogenesis in Halirytus and Smittia, Prosimulium ursinum, P. mixtum, Gymnopais, Edwarsina nigra, tundra, Culicoides spp., Pedicia hannai, Cavariella borealis, Acyrthosiphon brevicornis, Brachycolus brachysiphon, Brevicoryne arctica, Cavariella borealis, P. greenlandicus, Pulvinaria ellesmerensis, Pseudococcus altoarcticus, Lepidophthirius macrorhini, Bombushyperboreus, Lycaena feideni, Oxyria sp.