Chapter 3. Werner Nachtigall. 1976. Wing movements and the generation of aerodynamic forces by some medium-sized insects. Pages 31-47. In: R. C. Rainey (editor). Insect Flight. Proceedings of a symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London, No. 7. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 287 pages.

Keywords: insect physiology, aerodynamic forces on the wings of gliding butterflies, the lift and drag of a detached forewing of a moth, the aerodynamic forces on the elytra of beetles, wing movement and aerodynamic forces of flies, wing movement of a fly, movements of wing-tip surface during flight, the wing movements and aerodynamic forces of the honey-bee, differences in wing movements of honey-bee in flight, angular velocities of wing-beating and wing-twisting oscillation in the honey-bee, effects of flexible trailing edge on thrust of model bee wings as a function of motor power