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CHAPTER1

1.0 Introduction.

The marketing and merchandising system has a sub-system to develop

such as work and a product to produce the merchandise system has on its own

mind to indicate whether the company will cope to every day economy.

And at all the sub-systems were developer developing and one of the most

important sub-system in merchandising is Data Maintenance as holding the most

important role giving excellent service, We are holding on the most treasured

information that is need to be insured and to be secured as a developer, we also

developing sub-system to develop and to be remembered by the company were

about to know.

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

Database maintenance is an activity designed to keep a database running

smoothly. A number of different systems can be used to build and maintain

databases, with one popular example being MYSQL. The maintenance of

databases is generally performed by people who are comfortable and familiar with

the database system and the specifics of the particular database, although some

maintenance tasks can be performed by people who do not have experience.

1.2 The Problem Domain.

Merchandising System (Data Maintenance)

1.2.1Statement of the Problem:

All business process and system overcome and take several issues of

Problems regarding to the flow of the business, as follows are list of stated

problem:

Corruption of Data refers to errors in computer data that occur during

writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing, which introduce

unintended changes to the original data. The most common problem that will

encounter is the following:

PowerCorruption and improper shutdowns.

Viruses.

Weak Database and bad programming.

Hardware problems or failures.

Redundancy/Duplication of Records:Means that the same data is present in

more than one table. Mostly errors occur:

Incorrect entry of information or data/records.

Updating and merging of data.

Security of Data:Means protecting a database from destructive forces and the

unwanted actions of unauthorized users.

Controlling DataRedundancy

In non-database systems (traditional computer file processing),

each application program has its own files. In this case, the duplicated

copies of the same data are created at many places. In DBMS, all the data

of an organization is integrated into a single database. The data is recorded

at only one place in the database and it is not duplicated. For example, the

dean's faculty file and the faculty payroll file contain several items that are

identical. When they are converted into database, the data is integrated


into a single database so that multiple copies of the same data are reduced

to-single copy.

In DBMS, the data redundancy can be controlled or reduced but is not

removed completely. Sometimes, it is necessary to create duplicate copies

of the same data items in order to relate tables with each other.

By controlling the data redundancy, you can save storage space.

Similarly, it is useful for retrieving data from database using queries.

Data Consistency:By controlling the data redundancy, the data consistency is

obtained. If a data item appears only once, any update to its value has to be

performed only once and the updated value (new value of item) is

immediately available to all users.

If the DBMS has reduced redundancy to a minimum level, the

database system enforces consistency. It means that when a data item appears

more than once in the database and is updated, the DBMS automatically

updates each occurrence of a data item in the database.

Data Sharing:In DBMS, data can be shared by authorized users of the

organization. The DBA manages the data and gives rights to users to access

the data. Many users can be authorized to access the same set of information

simultaneously. The remote users can also share same data. Similarly, the data

of same database can be shared between different application programs.

Data Security:To protection of the database from unauthorized users. Only

the authorized persons are allowed to access the database. Some of the users

may be allowed to access only a part of database i.e., the data that is related to

them or related to their department. Mostly, the DBA or head of a department

can access all the data in the database. Some users may be permitted only to

retrieve data, whereas others are allowed to retrieve as well as to update data.


The database access is controlled by the DBA. He creates the accounts of

users and gives rights to access the database. Typically, users or group of

users are given usernames protected by passwords.

Most of the DBMSs provide the security sub-system, which the DBA uses to

create accounts of users and to specify account restrictions. The user enters

his/her account number (or username) and password to access the data from

database. For example, if you have an account of e-mail in the "hotmail.com"

(a popular website), then you have to give your correct username and

password to access your account of e-mail. Similarly, when you insert your

ATM card into the Auto Teller Machine (ATM) in a bank, the machine reads

your ID number printed on the card and then asks you to enter your pin code

(or password). In this way, you can access your account.

Database Access Language:Most of the DBMSs provide SQL as standard

database access language. It is used to access data from multiple tables of a

database.

Development of Application:The cost and time for developing new

applications is also reduced. The DBMS provides tools that can be used to

develop application programs. For example, some wizards are available to

generate Forms and Reports. Stored procedures (stored on server side) also

reduce the size of application programs.

Creating Forms:Form is very important object of DBMS. You can create

Forms very easily and quickly in DBMS, once a Form is created, it can be

used many times and it can be modified very easily. The created Forms are

also saved along with database and behave like a software component.

A Form provides very easy way (user-friendly interface) to enter data into

database, edit data, and display data from database. The non-technical users


can also perform various operations on databases through Forms without

going into the technical details of a database.

Report Writers:Most of the DBMSs provide the report writer tools used to

create reports. The users can create reports very easily and quickly. Once a

report is created, it can be used many times and it can be modified very easily.

The created reports are also saved along with database and behave like a

software component.

1.3 Objectives of the Project

To create a database maintenance system that will lessen all the errors that

the other systems had. And because of that, we are system like this:

Improve and lessen the chances of the data to be corrupted.

Access control and restriction of the user’s to ensure the security of

data.

Easy to show all reports of the system. (if requested)

1.4 Significance and scope of the project

Database maintenance is an activity designed to keep a database running

smoothly. A number of different systems can be used to build and maintain

databases, with one popular example being MYSQL. The maintenance of

databases is generally performed by people who are comfortable and familiar with

the database system and the specifics of the particular database, although some

maintenance tasks can be performed by people who do not have experience.

Databases are used to maintain a library of information in a well-

organized, accessible format. They usually are not static, however, because

changes are constantly being made as material is added, removed, and moved

around. People may also change parameters within the database, decide to use


different indexing systems, and so forth. Over time, this can cause the database to

start to malfunction. Database maintenance is used to keep the database clean and

well organized so that it will not lose functionality.

One important aspect of maintaining a database is simply backing up the

data so that, if anything happens, there will be another copy available. Some data

basing systems actually do this automatically, sending a backup to another

location every day, every week, or within any other set period of time. Backups

are usually not enough, however.

Scope

Database maintenance includes checking for signs of corruption in the

database, looking for problem areas, rebuilding indexes, removing duplicate

records, and checking for any abnormalities in the database that might signal a

problem. The goal is to keep the database operating smoothly for users, so that

ideally they never need to think about maintenance issues. A database that is not

maintained can become sluggish, and people may start to experience problems

when trying to access records.

Many servers have extensive databases that are used to serve up content

to users on an internal network or on the Internet. An important part of server

maintenance involves confirming that databases are working properly. This

also includes checks for security flaws and other issues that could threaten the

integrity of the database, ranging from viruses to records which are entered

improperly.

Numerous textbooks are available with information about database

management, including how to maintain databases properly. It is also possible to

take courses to learn about different data basing systems and how to care for

databases, whether they are being built from scratch or taken over. People can


also earn certifications in specific systems which indicate a high level of

competence.

1.5Documentation of existence and seriousness of the problem

1.5.1 Documentation of current system/s.

1.5.2Problems identified with the existing systems.

Duplication of records

Corrupted Data

Lack of information of the users about the systems

1.5.3 Process models of existing systems contributing to the problem.

The existing system or process relay on how to save their files,

including on how they cope up to save the file in their system.


1.5.4 Data models of these existing systems.

1.5.5Data (or any form of statistics) that may be relevant to prove existence and

seriousness of the problems:

NONE.


Maintain security level agreements

Maintain operational level agreements

Reporting

Request a change

Maintained service level agreement

Maintained operational level agreement

Request for change

Maintenance documents

1.6 Review of Existing Alternatives

1.6.1Description of how users/clientele currently cope with the problem.

The documented data or files rather, must be secured. Their existing

process of giving solution to the problems it is there to back up the files

tomaintain and to stabilize the security of the existing files. If they may concern to

react on how their where going to responds to the problem (for Example),

corrupted files or records of the company.

1.6.2 Assess the best available resources for addressing the problem.

Researching in Internet to get some ideas on how to solve other

problems of the system.

First is get to know what is problem and give the best solution to it as it is

our Sub-system (data Management System). We give all the information that they

will ask and also the reports of their products, we do give them the status all the

time so they will not ask for the reports and also updating the data’s given by

them, in that manner we advised that their data of information will be saved and

secured to lessen the problems we will encounter.

Second is after knowing their problem we will having other research

through internet so it will served as our guide to know the problems and have not

the better solution but the best.

1.6.3Describe how you propose to take advantage of existing and current best

practices in your project.

As it says that the Data Management System Has the Hands to secured

data the System manages all of the Data Coming From other Sub-System it can be

also the Right hand of all Sub-System because it manages all the data, When it


Comes For back-up and recovery In a computer file-based system, the user

creates the backup of data regularly to protect the valuable data from damaging

due to failures to the computer system or application program. It is a time

consuming method, if volume of data is large. Most of the DBMSs provide the

'backup and recovery' sub-systems that automatically create the backup of data

and restore data if required. For example, if the computer system fails in the

middle (or end) of an update operation of the program, the recovery sub-system is

responsible for making sure that the database is restored to the state it was in

before the program started executing, so there will be no problem in giving back

the data’s.


CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION:

This chapter is related to the literature and studies for both the local and

foreign, this is the data maintenance system. Included inthe chapter is a historical

overview of attendance, theimportance of attendance, overview of Newport

News Public Schools, theoretical framework, causes or predictorsofstudent

absenteeism, descriptions of related attendancepolicies/ programs, and a review

of perceptions and attitudesabout attendance policies/programs as indicated by

literature review.

2.1 RELATED LITERATURE

When we say related literature, this is written information that could have

a relation or relevance to a specific topic of your thesis or dissertation.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies for both

foreign and local underlying the framework of the study. Synthesis was also

created.

.

2.1.1 Foreign Literature

2.1.1.1 SPAR RETAILER

Spar was founded in 1932 in the Dutch city of Zoetermeer. In 1953 an

International Spar office opened in Amsterdam to control and further develop the

organization throughout Europe and other continents. Most Spar stores are in

Europe, but they can also be foundin a few countries outside of Europe, such


asNigeria,SouthAfrica,Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Swaziland, Austr

alia, Mauritius, China, India, Japan and Vanuatu.

A Spar store may be owned independently, by a franchisee, or be part of

a chain, depending on the model applied in any given country. The owners of the

parent company vary from country to country and may include the store owners

themselves. The name and the current logo was most recently revised in 1968

by Raymond Loewy and has remained unchanged ever since.

In the United Kingdom Spar has become known primarily as

a convenience store, although in Northern Ireland Spar operates using the sub

formatEuro spar too. Spar opened in the Republic of Vanuatu on 1 December

2009 ending Au Bon Marché's grocery monopoly.

In 1997, Spar was introduced to most United Kingdom military bases

by Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes (Naafi), where it sells a variety of civilian

and military products. The Dutch Spar is a member of Supertunic, aDutch

purchasing organization for supermarkets.

2.1.1.2 ALDI

The earliest roots of the company trace back to 1913, when the mother

of Karl and Theo Albrecht opened a small store in a suburb of Essen. Their father

was employed as a miner and later as a baker’s assistant. Karl Albrecht was born

in 1920, Theo Albrecht in 1922. Theo Albrecht completed an apprenticeship in

his mother’s store, while Karl Albrecht worked in a delicatessen. Karl Albrecht

took over a food shop formerly run by F. W. Just who already advertised to be the

"cheapest food source". Karl Albrecht served in the German Army during World

War II. In 1946, the brothers took over their mother’s business and soon opened

another retail outlet nearby. By 1950, the Albrecht brothers owned 13 stores in

the Ruhr Valley.

The brothers' idea, which was new at the time, was to subtract the legal

maximum rebate of 3% before sale. The market leaders at the time, which often


were co-operatives, required their customers to collect rebate stamps, and to send

them at regular intervals to reclaim their money. The Albrecht brothers also

rigorously removed merchandise that did not sell from their shelves, cut When the

bring costs by neither advertising nor selling fresh produce, and keeping the size

of their retail outlets small. Hers split the company in 1960 over a dispute whether

they should sell cigarettes at the till, they owned 300 shops with a cash flow

of DM90 million yearly. In 1962, they introduced the name Aldi—short

for Albrecht-Diskount. Aldi Nord and Aldi Suds have been financially and legally

separate since 1966, although both divisions' names may appear (as if they were

single enterprise) with certain house brands or when negotiating

with contractor companies.

Aldi expanded internationally in the 1970s and 1980s, experiencing a

rapid expansion after German reunification and the fall of the Iron Curtain. The

brothers retired as CEOs in 1993 and gave most of their wealth to foundations.

2.1.1.3 TESCO (1919 to 2000)

A branch of Tesco built inside the Hoover in Perivale, London (now a

listed building)

Jack Cohen, son of Polish emigrant founded Tesco in 1919 when he began

to sell surplus groceries from a stall at Well Street Market, Hackney, in the East

End of London. The Tesco brand first appeared in 1924. The name came about

after Jack Cohen bought a shipment of tea from Thomas Edward Stock well. He

made new labels using the first three letters of the supplier's name (TES), and the

first two letters of his surname (CO), forming the word TESCO. The first Tesco

store was opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edward, and Middlesex. Tesco was

floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1947 as Tesco Stores (Holdings)

Limited. The first self-service store opened in St Albans in 1956 (which remained

operational until 2010, with a period as a Tesco Metro), and the first supermarket

in Maldon in 1956.


During the 1950s and the 1960s Tesco grew organically, and also through

acquisitions, until it owned more than 800 stores. The company purchased

70 Williamson's stores (1957), 200 Harrow Stores outlets (1959), 212 Irwin stores

(1960, beating Express Dairies' Premier Supermarkets to the deal), 97 Charles

Phillips stores (1964) and the Victor Value chain (1968) (sold to Bejam in 1986).

Originally specializing in food and drink, it has diversified into areas such

as clothing, electronics, financial services, telecoms, retailing and renting

DVDs, CDs, and music downloads, Internet services and software.

Jack Cohen's business motto was "pile it high and sell it cheap", to which

he added an internal motto of "YCDBSOYA" (You Can’t Do Business Sitting on

Your Arse) which he used to motivate his sales force.

In May 1987 Tesco completed its hostile takeover of the Hillards chain of

40 supermarkets in the North of England for £220 million.

In 1994, the company took over the supermarket chain William Low,

successfully fighting off Sainsbury's for control of the Dundee-based firm, which

operated 57 stores. This paved the way for Tesco to expand its presence in

Scotland, which was weaker than in England. In 2006, Inverness was branded as

"Tesco town", because well over 50p in every £1 spent on food is believed to be

spent in its three Tesco stores.

Tesco introduced a loyalty card, branded 'Club card', in 1995 and later an

Internet shopping service. As of November 2006 Tesco was the only food retailer

to make online shopping profitable. In 1996 the typeface of the logo was changed

to the current version with stripe reflections underneath, whilst the corporate font

used for store signage was changed from the familiar "typewriter" font that had

been used since the 1970s. Terry Leahy assumed the role of Chief Executive on

21 February 1997, the appointment having been announced on 21 November

1995.

On 21 March 1997 Tesco announced the purchase of the retail arm

of AssociatedBritishFoods, which consisted the Quinn worth, Stewarts and Crazy


Prices chains in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, plus associated

businesses, for £640 million. The deal was approved by the European

Commission on 6 May 1997. This acquisition gave it both a major presence in

(and marked a return to) the Republic of Ireland and a larger presence in Northern

Ireland than Sainsbury's, which had begun its move into Northern Ireland in 1995.

In 1997, Tesco and Esso (part of ExxonMobil) formed a business alliance

that included several petrol filling stations on lease from Esso, with Tesco

operating the attached stores under their Express format. In turn Esso operates the

forecourts and sells their fuel via the Tesco store. 200 Tesco/Esso sites now exist

across the UK.

2000 to 2010

The company was the subject of a letter bomb campaign lasting five

months from August 2000 to February 2001 as a bomber calling himself "Sally"

sent letter bombs to Tesco customers and demanded Club cards modified to

withdraw money from cash machines.

In July 2001 Tesco became involved in internet grocery retailing in the

USA when it obtained a 35% stake in Grocery Works. In 2002 Tesco purchased

13 HIT hypermarkets in Poland. It also made a major move into the UK

convenience store market with its purchase of T & S Stores, owner of 870

convenience stores in the One Stop, Dillon’s and Day &Nite chains in the UK.

In October 2003 the company launched a UK telecoms division,

comprising mobile and home phone services, to complement its existing Internet

service provider business. In June 2003 Tesco purchased the C Two-Network in

Japan. It also acquired a majority stake in Turkish supermarket chain Kipa. In

January 2004 Tesco acquired Administer, owner of 45 Collins, Europa, and Harts

convenience stores, in and around London. In August 2004, it also launched a

broadband service.

In Thailand, Tesco Lotus was a joint venture of the Charoen

Pokphand Group and Tesco, but facing criticism over the growth


of hypermarkets CP Group sold its Tesco Lotus shares in 2003. In late 2005

Tesco acquired the 21 remaining Safeway/BP stores after Morrison’s dissolved

the Safeway/BP partnership. In mid-2006 Tesco purchased an 80% stake in

Casino's Leader Price supermarkets in Poland. They will be rebranded into small

Tesco stores. In 2003, Tesco took part in a joint venture with O2 to form the

Tesco Mobile mobile virtual network operator.

In 2007, Tesco was placed under investigation by the UK Office of Fair

Trading (OFT) for acting as part of a cartel of five supermarkets (Safeway, Tesco,

Asda, Morrison’s and Sainsbury’s) and a number of dairy companies to fix the

price of milk, butter and cheese. In December 2007 Asda, Sainsbury’s and the

former Safeway admitted that they acted covertly against the interests of

consumers while publicly claiming that they were supporting 5,000 farmers

recovering from the foot-and-mouth crisis. They were fined a total of

£116 million.

2010 to present

In 2011, Tesco launched a range of Tesco Venture Brands although profits

were £1.9 billion for the first half of 2011, sales growth in the UK was the lowest

in 20 years, partly due to shoppers switching to budget rivals.

In April 2012 Tesco re-launched its own brand Tesco value range as

'Tesco Everyday Value', with new packaging and recipes.

EU-wide meat adulteration scandal, it emerged that some 'value' burgers

sold by Tesco contained up to 29% horse meat. In February 2013 Tesco reported

that their value bolognaise contained 60% horsemeat.


2.1.2LOCAL LITERATURE

HYPERMARKET

Meijer, which today are very large stores which combine a supermarket

and a department store, opened its first one-stop shopping center in 1934.It

included a grocery store alongside a drugstore plus home products, off-street

parking, gas station, and—eventually—clothing. In 1962, Meijer opened its first

hypermarket in Grand Rapids, Michigan, entitled "Thrifty Acres", and calling the

format a "Supercenter", and in Europe by Carrefour, which opened its first such

store in 1963 at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, France. In the Americas, the format

remained in regional use only until the late 1980s. The now defunct retailer

Steinberg operated four hypermarkets in Québec under the

name SteinbergBeaucoup from 1974 until early the 1990s.

The hypermarket concept spread in the United States in 1987, both with

the introduction of stores by Carrefour, and by major American chains. In the late

1980s and early 1990s, the three major discount store chains in the United—Wal-

Mart, Kmart and Target—started developing discount stores in the hypermarket

format Wal-Mart introduced Hypermart USA in 1987 and later Wal-Mart

Supercenter, and Kmart developed Super Kmart.

In the early 1990s, hypermarkets selling fuel begin to make inroads in the

United States. H-E-B was among the stores selling fuel in the Southwest. The

concept was first introduced to the United States in the 1960s when a number of

supermarket chains and retailers like Sears tried to sell fuel, but it did not generate

sufficient consumer interest. In 1991, Dayton-Hudson Corporation (now Target

Corporation) expanded its Target Great land discount store chain into Columbus,

Ohio, where it learned that its general merchandise superstores were unable to

compete against the Meijer hypermarket chain.

In response, Dayton-Hudson entered the hypermarket format in 1995 by

opening its first Super Target store in Omaha, Nebraska.


Today there are approximately 4,500 hypermarket stores selling fuel,

representing an estimated 14 billion US gallons (53,000,000 m3) sold each year.

Despite its success, the hypermarket business model may be under threat

from on-line shopping and the shift towards customization according to analysts

like SanjeevSanyal, Deutsche Bank's Global Strategist. Sanyal has also argued

that some developing countries such as India may even skip the hypermarket

stage and directly go online.

7-ELEVEN

The company has its origins in 1927 in Dallas, Texas, when an employee

of Southland Ice Company, John Jefferson Green, started selling milk, eggs and

bread from an improvised storefront in one of the company's ice houses. Although

small grocery stores and general merchandisers were present in the immediate

area, Joe C. 'Jodie' Thompson, Jr., the manager of the ice plant, discovered selling

convenience items, such as bread and milk, was popular due to the ice's ability to

preserve the items. This significantly cut back on the need to travel long distances

to the grocery stores for basic items. Thompson eventually bought the Southland

Ice Company and turned it into Southland Corporation, which oversaw several

locations which opened in the Dallas area.

By 1928, a manager of one of these locations brought back a totem

pole from Alaska and placed it in front of his store. Due to the attention received

by the totem pole, additional totem poles were placed at each of the locations and

all the stores began operating under the name "Totem Stores" (a word play on

the totem poles as well as the idea that customers toted away their purchases). In

that same year many of the locations also began selling gasoline. Although

the Great Depression caused the company to go bankrupt in 1931, it still managed

to continue operations.

In 1946, in an effort to continue the company's post war recovery, the

name of the stores was changed to 7-Eleven to reflect their hours of operation—

7 am to 11 pm, which at the time was unprecedented. By 1952, 7-Eleven opened


its 100th store. It was incorporated as Southland Corporation in 1961. In 1962, 7-

Eleven first experimented with a 24-hoursschedule in Austin, Texas after an

Austin store was forced to remain open all night due to customer demand

following a University of Texas football game. By 1963, 24-hour stores were

established in Fort Worth and Dallas, Texas as well as Las Vegas, Nevada.

The Southland Corporation in the late 1980s was threatened by a corporate takeover, prompting the Thompson family to take steps to take the company private by buying out public shareholders in a tender offer. In 1987, John Phillip Thompson, the Chairman and CEO of 7-Eleven, complete $5.2 billion management buyout of the company his father had founded. The buyout suffered from the 1987 stock market crash, and after failing initially to raise high yield debt financing, the company was required to offer a portion of the company's stock as an inducement to invest in the company's bonds.

Operating in this period with exceptionally high interest costs, the

Company, now private, encountered financial difficulties with the high debt load,

and as part of the re-structuring, sold various divisions, such as ice

division and Chief Auto Parts (an auto parts franchise acquired by Southland in

1979 which provided the convenience of a 7-Eleven store, which was divested in

1990 to General Electric, later purchased by AutoZone The company was later

rescued in bankruptcy by the Japanese corporation Ito-Yokado, its largest

franchisee, in 1998. This downsizing also resulted in numerous metropolitan areas

losing 7-Eleven stores to rival convenience store operators.

The Japanese company gained a controlling share of 7-Eleven in

1991, during the Japanese asset bubble of the early 1990s. Ito-Yokado

formed Seven & I Holdings Co., and 7-Eleven became its subsidiary in 2005. In

2007, Seven & I Holdings announced it would be expanding their American

operations, with an additional 1,000 7-Eleven stores in the United States.

MINISTOP

MinistopOn May 1980, Ministop was established as a wholly-owned

subsidiary of Jusco Co. Ltd. with an initial capital investment of 30 million yen.


Ministop opened its first store in Koriyama in Yokohama, Japan on July 1980. On

May 1985, MINISTOP's network breaks the 100 store mark with 80 franchised

Stores and 20 stores directly managed.

On November 1990, the first MINISTOP overseas store opens in Seoul,

South Korea. By March 1998, there are 1,000 MINISTOP stores in full operation,

922 franchised stores and 78 stores directly managed.

August 2000 was the date were MINISTOP, Philippines was established

by, Robinsons Retail Group, Mitsubishi Corporation and MINISTOP Co., Ltd. on

a seal Shareholder's Agreement. By December 2000, the first MINISTOP store in

the Philippines opens at the MRT Central Station, a busy commercial hub.

On May 2002, MINISTOP holds its first trade conference in the

Philippines. The 50th MINISTOP store opens at Parc Chateau Ortigas Center on

April 2003. Jan 2004, MINISTOP opens its 100 the store at Center

point, Ortigas and celebrates with trade partners through ' IsangDaan to No. 1'

conference.

2.2 RELATED STUDIES

2.2.1SUPERMARKET IBM PRICE MANAGER

Grocers are increasingly catching on to the idea of renting rather than

buying a software application. No long-term contracts. Unlike traditional software

which is conventionally sold as a perpetual license with up-front cost, our (SaaS)

uses a subscription fee, you may cancel at any time. The Supermarket Tablet Data

Maintenance software resides on your tablet and is PCI compliant within your

trusted network.

Talking Prices with each scan for fast, efficient price maintenance.

Roam entire store with WIFI Scanning.

Full IBM Screen on Tablet, including WIC.

Multiple tablets for fast store price verification.

Easy to setup and simpleto use.


Price Data Maintenance

Price Data Maintenance solution, you are able to process the information

immediately to the IBM. You have the freedom to roam the entire retail space and

process the correct pricing. The innovative Symbol LS4278 Bluetooth® enabled

cordless bar code scanner delivers superior data capture anywhere in the store. It

eliminates the need for exact aim, enabling scanning within a 50-ft radius and

allowing operator extra room to move.

Having a great user interface is often the difference between applications.

Our interface looks and feels like the IBM Item Data Maintenance on the IBM

Server. You will have access through an affordable subscription service. You

should never be satisfied with just being average when it comes to pricing

accuracy. Improving customer satisfaction and lowering costs is made easy

with our software. We have developed a low cost pricing solution.

Price Verification - IBM

Mistakes on grocery scanners are more common than people realize.

Employees maintain prices for thousands of items, Tablet Supermarket Manager

for IBM can simplify cumbersome, time-consuming pricing tasks. Cost-effective

Price Data Maintenance, save 60%~80% of costs compared to traditional

handheld RF price checkers. You do NOT need a back-office system to maintain

correct pricing in your store on your IBM Point of Sale.

Price Checker IBM

One of the emerging trends in the technology space is something known as

Software as a Service (SaaS). Grocery Stores make their profits from a high

number of low-value transactions, and the check-out prices must be accurate.


Ability to create operator initiated or immediate batches, communicating to the

IBM Sure POS, Ace Point of Sale.

Independent grocers

Independent grocers face trying times in an ever-tightening economy, they

struggle to stay competitive in a world of retail giants and demanding customers

who are more price conscious than ever.

Supermarket Pricing For IBM

Supermarket Manager for IBM can simplify cumbersome, time-

consuming pricing tasks. Cost-effective Price Data Maintenance, save 60%~80%

of costs compared to traditional handheld RF price checkers.

Source(http://www.tabletsupermarketmanager.com/)

2.2.1FOREIGN STUDIES

Data monitor is an international company providing market intelligence,

data analysis and opinion via a worldwide network of in-house analysts.

According to the organization's website in 2011, Data monitor assists over 6000

of the world’s leading corporations in making strategic and operational decisions.

The company uses audited methodologies to deliver their advice across the major

industrial sectors. Data monitor is a division of Informa plc. (FTSE: INF), a

United Kingdom-based publisher and conference company.

Source (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamonitor).

IMRB International (formerly “Indian Market Research Bureau”)

Is a multi-country market research, survey and business consultancy firm

that offers a range of syndicated data and customized research services.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamonitor

http://www.tabletsupermarketmanager.com/

Headquartered in Mumbai, India with operations in over 15 countries IMRB is a

part of the Kantar Group, WPP’s research, insights and consultancy network.

Established in 1970, IMRB was modeled on the lines of the British Market

Research Bureau. IMRB is now a leading provider of market research and

insights across South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa with specialist

divisions in quantitative, qualitative, media, retail, industrial, and customer

satisfaction, business to business and social and rural research. IMRB’s

syndicated research offerings include the Market Pulse, the National Food

Survey, Web Audience Measurement (WAM), I Tops, and I-Cube reports.

With over 1200 employees, IMRB is one of the largest providers of

market research in India in an industry estimated to be worth a minimum of $ 187

million. As the oldest extant market research company in India, IMRB has been

responsible for establishing the first and only household panel, the first

television audience measurement system and the first radio panel in the country

and has played a key role in the development of market research in India. It has

been rated the ‘Best Market Research Company’ byMRSI, an industry body for

several years .IMRB International's specialized areas are consumer markets,

industrial marketing, business to business marketing, social marketing and rural

marketing.

Source (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMRB_International).

Avon Products, Inc.,

Known simply as Avon, is an American international manufacturer and

distributor of beauty, household, and personal Care Company that sells products

through representatives in over 140 countries across the world. As of 2012, Avon

had annual sales of $10.7 billion worldwide. It is the fifth-largest beauty company

and second largest direct selling enterprise in the world, with 6.4 million

representatives.

Avon Products is a multi-level marketing company. Their "Ding Dong

Avon Calling" advertising campaign, which ran from the mid-1950s to 1967, has


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMRB_International

been called "one of the most deeply ingrained brand identities of the past

century. The company's CEO is Sherlyn S. McCoy, who was appointed to that

position in April 2012. The former CEO, Andrea Jung, became the executive

chairman of the board. Jung was the longest tenured female CEO among Fortune

500 companies.

BUSINESS MODEL

Avon uses both door-to-door sales people ("Avon ladies" primarily, and a

growing number of men) and brochures to advertise its products. Avon training

centers help women who want to become Avon representatives selling beauty

products, jewelry, accessories and clothing. The Avon training centers can have a

small retail section with skin care products, such as creams, serums, makeup, and

washes. There are classroom areas where the representatives learn about the

products and sales techniques. Each Avon representative is an independent sales

representative running their own business. Some of the brands include Avon,

Avon Naturals, Skin-So-Soft and Mark.

The corporate governance guidelines and code of business conduct and

ethics are available on Avon's website.

Source (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avon_Products,_Inc).

2.2.2LOCAL STUDIES

SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION

EduardoCojuangco, Jr(Chairman and CEO)RamonAng (President, Vice-

Chairman and COO)Established in 1890 as brewery, San Miguel

Corporation (SMC) is Southeast Asia's largest publicly listed food, beverage and

packaging company with over 17,000 employees in over 100 major facilities

throughout the Asia-Pacific region. A Miguel carries many brand names in the

Philippine food and beverage industry, including San Miguel Pale Pilsen, Ginebra

San Miguel, Monterey, Magnolia, and Pure foods. San Miguel Beer is one of the


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avon_Products,_Inc

largest selling beers and among the top ten selling beer brands in the world.SMC

manufacturing operations extend beyond its home market to Hong Kong, China,

Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and Australia; and its products are

exported to 60 markets around the world.

The French Company

The French Company offers on-site preventative maintenance for facilities

and rolling equipment including inspection, cleaning, repair, lubrication, fleet

management, and replacement part installation for grocery stores and

supermarkets. We are an industry leader servicing shopping carts, backroom

equipment, bakery and produce racks, stock carts, rolling display racks, and cart

corrals. It is important to clean and maintain grocery and supermarket shopping

carts so that customers are happy and safe. We are a full-service equipment and

facility maintenance solutions company. We offer a wide range of on-site, chain-

wide, top-quality services to national and regional supermarket and grocery

chains across the Continental United States. We help our grocery and supermarket

customers centralize their maintenance activity to reduce expenses and operate

more efficiently

Maintaining clean and working shopping carts will help keep

customers happy, healthy and coming back for more pleasant

shopping experiences.

Source (http://www.thefrenchcompany.com/)


http://www.thefrenchcompany.com/

Wal-Mart SupermarketFacility Maintenance

Maintenance service providers (landscaping, locksmith, snow

removal) at the store level. If the store is interested in your

services, the store will contact the Wal-Mart Home Office Supplier

& Contract Management team and request approval for you to

provide services.

Marketing includes but is not limited to production, photography,

social media services, event management, and creative agenciesfor

Wal-Mart U.S. only.

Marketing should not be contacted by the following types of suppliers

and/or services:

Selling of products or goods for resale

Store-level supplier engagement

Requests about inventions, patents, licenses, etc.

Utilities and/or maintenance

Real estate and/or facilities

Supplies, coupons, training or IT/security

Source(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmart)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmart

CHAPTER 3

3.1 Software Requirements Specification

3.1.1 Introduction

Software Requirements described the initial situation of the system with

reference to requirements, analysis, and project of goals and delimitation of goals

with respect to the system environment.

This is where the specified data’s and information where our system

consist, it is also have every information usage and all of the main function on

how the developer develop the system concisely. Our system consist an menus

that can easy give effective solution to any kind of disordering data’s, the system

is capable of managing the data and can back-up the data’s of sub-systems it can

also do the searching.

Software Requirements Specification should be discussed the goals and

objective of the system that provide the needed of users and also its scope,

software content and the constraints of the system.

3.1.1.1 Goals & Objectives

To produce a Database System that is running smoothly and will give

all the information correctly.

To maintain all the information that the database have.

Improve the Security for accessible use.

To improve the system by making it more User-Friendly.

Better User Interface.

3.1.1.2 Statement of the Scope

This section contains a general description of the software functionality followed by

detailed requirements that will be traced throughout the project.


Req. No. Priority Reference DescriptionAccess PrivilegesR1 High Administrator

/ assistantThere shall be two levels of access; one is from the administrator and one is for the assistant.

R2 High Administrator / assistant

The administrator and assistant shall only be allowed to enter or edit data.


The administrator shall be allowed to enter and edit all data.

R4 Med Administrator / assistant

The administrator shall be allowed to view or print reports.


The administrator shall be allowed to view or print invoice.

SecurityR6 High Administrator

/ assistantEach user shall be required to log on with a unique username and password before using the system.

R7 Low Code works The user name shall be the first four character of the employee’s Last name followed by the three character of their name.


A password shall be assign to each user.


The password shall contain 6 to 8 alphanumeric characters.

R10 Med Code works After three unsuccessful attempts to enter a password user shall be locked out of the system until the password is reset.


A new password shall be assigned if a user forgets.

R12 Low Administrator / assistant

If there is no activity for 10 minutes the user shall be logged off of the system.

Daily reminderR13 Med Administrator

/ assistantUser shall be allowed to set daily reminders for themselves.

R14 Low Code works The date of reminder shall be selected from the calendar.

R15 Med Code works The user shall be allowed to enter up to 50 character message from their reminders.

R16 Low Code works When the user log on to the date of their reminder, they shall receive a popup window displaying their reminder massage.

ImmunizationR17 High Administrator Every record shall contain the dates that


/ assistant required immunizations were received.R18 Med Administrator

/ assistantRecords shall contain the date and time it receive.

R19 Low Code works The administrator shall be able to type and schedule of required immunizations.

R20 Med Code works A notification for required immunizations shall be printed on the monthly invoice.

ReportsR21 High Administrator

/ assistantInformation directory reports shall list the data alphabetically by the type of data time and dates received.


The manager notes and comment reports shall listed alphabetically attached to the records.


The account activity reports shall list a selected administrator’ account activity by the date.

User interfaceR24 High Administrator

/ assistantThe system has a LAN based interface.


The background color should be blue.


The system shall respond to all user request in 20 seconds.

Sending & viewing of data reports Administrator are responsible for sending

and viewing of data reports for new updates, so they are the only person allowed

to view all records or reports in the database.

Keeping RecordsAdministrator keeps all record day-by-day transaction.

Editing of Recordsif the information Adding of Records.

Data Recovering

Restoring Files

Printing Reports Daily Backup-Use, the Daily Backup to configure automatic daily

backups.


3.1.1.3 Software Context

Performance Constraints

Security of the records

These refers to the security of the files where in the sub-system

data managing will ensure the protection of the files.

Data updates

These is where the files are being updated by the user.

Data Management

As it is the system to manage the files

these will be the main function or the use of the

system to manage the files and ensure the safety-

ness of the recorded data.

3.1.2Usage scenario

3.1.2.1User Profiles

The following definitions describe the actors in the system.

Administrator Is themain user that can access all the parts

of the system and also a responsibility for

viewing and update all data exist.

Assistant Has a responsibility to updates all data records.

Employee An employee is the general name refers to an administrator

or assistant.

System The system refers to the computer hardware and software

that controls the application. Its accepts user input and

display the user output.

Server The server is a remote system that maintains the database

and serves to the system.

3.1.2.2Use Cases


The following use-cases are typical interactions between the external environment

and the internal software system. Each use-case is described in section 3.1.1.1

1. Log onto system

2.Enter daily reminder

3.Display Daily reminder

4.View Daily reminders

5.Update Account Information

6.View all report


3.1.2.2.1Use-Case Diagram

Figure 1:Use-Case Diagram of Data Maintenance


Log onto system Reserved data

Enter new data

View all reports Updates

Logon to system

View new update

Printing reports

Save record

Back up record Updates

record

Save new data

Save back up record

Updates reminder

View daily reminders

Log onto system

Admin

Assistant

Employee

System

3.1.2.2.2 Use Case Description

Use-Case: Log on to systemPrimary actor: AdministratorGoal in context: To gain access to the systemPreconditions: The administrator has a valid user name and passwordTrigger: The administrator need to access to the system to perform their jobScenario: 1. The system prompts the employee for their user name and

password.2. The administrator shall enter their user name and password.3. The system verifies the password and sets the authorization.4. The administrator is given access to the system to perform their

job.Exception:

Use-Case: Log on to systemPrimary actor: AssistantGoal in context: To gain access to the systemPreconditions: The assistant has a valid user name and passwordTrigger: The assistant need to access to the system to perform their jobScenario: 1. The system prompts the employee for their user name and

password.2. The administrator shall enter their user name and password.3. The system verifies the password and sets the authorization.4. The administrator is given access to the system to perform their

job.5. Assistant can updates the data recorded.6. Assistant view new updates.

Exception:


Use-Case: Enter daily reminderPrimary actor: AdministratorGoal in context: To enter a personal event to the system that will appear on a given datePreconditions: The user has a valid passwordTrigger: The user has an event that they need to be reminded ofScenario: 1. The administrator log on to the system.

2. The administrator selects reminders from main menu.3. The administrator selects daily reminders.4. The system prompts the administrator for the date of their

reminder.5. If the reminder date is not already past the system prompts the

administrator for their reminder message.Exception the reminder date entered has already past

Use-Case: Display Daily reminderPrimary actor: SystemGoal in context: To show employee reminderPreconditions: A reminder has previously enteredTrigger: The date of reminder is the current dateScenario: 1. The employee logs on to the system

2. The system request to the employee’s reminders from the server.

3. The system looks for the pending reminder.4. The system displays any pending reminder message.5. The employee acknowledges the reminder.6. The system deletes the reminder from the server.

Exception: The user doesn’t log on to the day of their reminder.Multiple reminders on that day.


Use-Case: View Daily remindersPrimary actor: EmployeeGoal in context: To updates reminder.Preconditions: The updates existTrigger: An employee needs information day-by-day reminders.Scenario: 1. The employee logs on to the system

2. The employee selects view daily reminders from the main menu of the system.

3. The system prompts the name and ID.4. The system request from the record from the server.5. A form for the reports display on the screen.

Exception:

Use-Case: Update Account InformationPrimary actor: AdministratorGoal in context: To update the information contained in an account.Preconditions: The exact spelling of the name is known.Trigger: Accounts information changed and need to updates.Scenario: 1.The admin logs on to the system

2. The administrator selects edit account from the main menu of the system.3. The system prompts the name and ID.4. The system request from the record from the server.5. A form for the reports display on the screen.

Exception:


Use-Case: Enter daily reminderPrimary actor: AdministratorGoal in context: To enter a personal event to the system that will appear on a given datePreconditions: The user has a valid passwordTrigger: The user has an event that they need to be reminded ofScenario: 1. The administrator log on to the system.

2. The administrator selects reminders from main menu.3. The administrator selects daily reminders.4. The system prompts the administrator for the date of their

reminder.5. If the reminder date is not already past the system prompts the

administrator for their reminder message.6. The administrator edits the appropriate fields.7. The administrator select save.8. The system sends the updated record to the server for storage.9. The administrator ID number, the date, the nature of the

change are logged.Exception:

Use-Case: View all reportPrimary actor: AdministratorGoal in context: To view a reportPreconditions: Information required for the report has been entered.Trigger: An administrator decided to view a summary of the recorded data.Scenario: 1. The admin logs on to the system

2. The administrator selects view reports from the main menu of the system.

3. The administrator selects the name of the reports from the report menu.

4. The system request from the server.5. The report is displayed on the screen.6. The administrator is given the option to close or print a report.7. The report is closed or printed.

Exception:


3.1.2.3 Special usage consideration

3.1.2.4 Activity Diagrams

The following activity diagrams show the actions that occur during a particular use-case.Figure 2 the step as an Administrator logs on the system. First it show the log in form that the administrator can enter their user ID and the Password. Access granted will show if the entry is correct but if the entry is not correct the user or password not match and return again to log in form but the user can only try (3) times for access if the bad entries reach to (3) the system will terminated.

(<3) <3>

Correct Incorrect

Figure 2: Activity Diagram for logging on to the system


Display User ID and

Password

Checking/verifying Account

Access Granted

Check for bad entries

Terminate the system

Log on System Activity Diagram

Not admin

Yes\No

Figure 3- Activity diagram for viewand update account information


Log into System

Determine User

Edit

Save Record

Select Account System

Edit Record

Enter System Name

Display Information

View and Update Activity Diagram

No

Yes

Figure 4-Activity diagram for viewing and printing reports


Log into System

Determine User

Select Report

Display Report

Print Report

Viewing and Printing reports Activity

Diagram

Figure 5- Activity diagram for displaying a daily reminder


Log into System

Check Date of Reminder

Display List

Acknowledge List

Display Daily Reminder

Activity Diagram

100

Count the request product waiting list

Product not Full Product is full

Figure 6- Activity diagram for Report Product List


Request to Report List

Check for an Available

Add Product List

Add to waiting list Product

Report of Product Information

Send Message to User Product List

Reporting Product List Activity Diagram

3.1.3Data Model Description

3.1.3.1 Data Objects

3.1.3.2Relationships

Relationships between operations are mapped as minimum

constraints, minimum interval in the maintenance order in SAP. If

no relationships exist, the operations are sorted by operation

number, and the relationships between the consecutive operations

are transferred least one relationship has been explicitly

maintained.

3.1.3.3Complete data model3.1.4 Functional model


3.1.4.1Class Diagrams

11

0 1

1 1 1

1

1

0

0 1 1

1 1

1 1


Administrator-First Name-last Name-Password-Classification+promote ()+Denote ()+Terminate ();

Daily Reminder-Date-Message-next Reminder+add ()+Delete ()+Check ()

Sub-Systems+view Data+update ()

Waiting List-size-next Item+add Product()+Remove Product ()

Product Data-name-type-ID-barcode-time-date-size-classification+add ()+edit ()

Employee-First Name-last Name-address-home Phone-work Phone-email-next Employee+add Employee+remove Employee

Registration-register Date-register Time-withdraw Dates+Register ()+updates ()+withdraw()

Immunization-date-type-nextImmun+next Due ()+addImmun ()

Data maintenance Class Diagram

Figure 7- Data maintenance class diagram

3.1.4.2 Software Interface Description

3.1.4.2.1External Machine Interfaces The software will be capable of printing reports on a local or

network printer.

This is capable of printing data reports so it will be needed a

printing machine to print the data report to have a hard copy of

every transactions made.

3.1.4.2.2External System Interfaces

3.1.4.2.3Human Interface The webpages shall permit complete navigation using keyboard,

alone in addition to using mouse and keyboard combination.

The person who handle the system can manipulate the menus of

the main frame of the system can edit, add and save data’s.

This person is capable of handling the system and also can give the

effective solution to a specific problem in any kind of data

problems.

The system consist main menus and it contains basic information

like; add, edit, save, search, view status and reports which is

needed and a must concrete contains.

3.1.4.2.4 Reports Refers to the viewing of the recorded data and to manage edit,

update, search &view. This simple operations will be the one who

has the ability to maintain the access of the user.

Reports are the recorded data form the sub-systems of the mother

system, and our system has the ability to manage it.


Inventory of Reports The Inventory reports track prices, profitabilityand transactions

affecting the value of items in inventory, as well as the current

status and count of items in inventory

Report’s Layout Item Price List

Inventory Valuation

Inventory Stock Status by Item

Physical Inventory worksheet

Item Profitability

Data Dictionary of Reports It can send message directly to the owner via text message or

sending it in the email address if the item is at the red status stage.

3.1.5Behavioral Model Description

3.1.5.1 Description for Software Behavior Concerned with the selection of architectural elements, their

interactions, and the constraints on those elements and their

interaction necessary to satisfy requirements and serve as a basis

for the design.


3.1.5.1.1Events SERVERERROR

Refers to the existing error that may encounter.

LOGON & LOGOFF

Where the user signing or to log on the main start-up menu to

secure the files recorded.

STARTUP

Where they can see and manipulate the main function of the

system.

3.1.5.1.2States and DescriptionONLINE Database is available for access. The primary file groupis online,

although the undo phase of recovery may not have been completed.

OFFLINEDatabase is unavailable. A database becomes offline by explicit

User action and remains offline until additional user action is taken.

For example, the database may be taken offline in order to move a file

to a new disk. The database is then brought back online after the move

has been completed.

RESTORINGOne or more files of the primary file group are being restored,

Oneor more secondary files are being restored offline. The database is

unavailable.

RECOVERING Database is being recovered. The recovering process is a transient

state, the database will automatically become online if the recovery

succeeds. If the recovery fails, the database will become suspect. The

database is unavailable.


RECOVERY PENDING Server has encountered a resource-related error

During recovery. The database is not damaged, but files may

be missing or system resource limitations may be preventing

it from starting. The database is unavailable. Additional action

by the user is required to resolve the error and let the recovery

process be completed.

Password entered

Incorrect (3)

Password=correct

[Hlink=enter] [Hlink=backup]

Date<>end of month

[Hlink=remind

[Hlink=log]

[Hlink=update]

[Hlink=view]

Log off [Hlink=sign out]

[Print=yes]

Printing report complete


Log in

Verifying Terminate

Checking date

Checking reminders

Remind

WaitingLogging

Entering

Backuping

Reminding

Updating

Viewing

Reporting Printing

Signing out

Overall System state chart diagram

Figure 8-Overall System state chart diagram

Figure 9- Admin State Chart


Sign Sign-out

Report Print Report

Account Management

EDIT

ADD

DELETE

SAVE

Admin State Chart

3.1.6 Restrictions,Limitations,&Constraints.

This refer to the implementation of the system, the system

implementations will be done as it is to the compilation of the

system.

The design of the system refers to the wants of the client or the

user.

The information of all the users must be stored in a database that is

accessible by the CRM Application.

The CRM application is a system which can be used thru the day.

The billing system is connected (integrated) to the CRM

Application and the database used by the billing system must be

compatible with the interface of the CRM Application.

The users must have their correct usernames and passwords to

enter into the CRM Application.

Return ID and shipment must be correctly processed.

3.1.7 Validation CriteriaSoftware validation will ensure that the system responds according to the users

expectations; therefore it is important that the end users involved in some of the test

procedure.

All business process and system overcome and take several issues of

Problems regarding to the flow of the business, as follows are list of stated problem:


3.1.7.1 Classes of tests

Quality data is a must for testing data managing functionality in the test

environment. However, managing quality of data is often challenging due to

complex relationships, limited infrastructure, sensitivity of data, and the lack of

data conforming to business rules.

Test Data Management Services ensure a high degree of test coverage, at optimal

cost, by providing the right data, in the right quantity, and at the right time, in a

non-production environment. Our services blend data management practices, in-

house test data management tools and partner solutions to deliver end-to-end

traceability of test data.

3.1.7.2Expected Software Response It is about the limit for having the user feel that the system is reacting

instantaneously, meaning that no special feedback is necessary except to display

the result.

The software should display an appropriate error message when a value outside

the accepted limits is entered.

3.1.7.3 Performance bounds The system shall support up to 100 simultaneous users against the website\web

server at any given time.


Name of Group/Individual:

Project Manager: Valdes, Chris Jay G.

System Analyst: Lim, Jerome B.

Business Analyst: Villanueva, Lady Medilline E.

Lead Programmer: Ortiz, Junnel R.

Documentation Specialist’s: Lindo, Maria Flordeliza C.

Navato, Kimberly D.

Registration No: 4102

Index No: 10A

Email Address:

[email protected]

Jerome.lim.9887

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Title of Project: DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM


mailto:[email protected]




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