published: 09 қыркүйек 2018, 14:23 Блогқа жаздым: https://massaget.kz/blogs/24954/

“Caviton” - a fundamental quantum-source of cavitation’s Force and alternative Energy

D.A. Aubakir, Y.D. Azen EcE-center “Noosphere and Sustainable Development”

by the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University

Foreword: Cavitation is given in our time worthy role and significance, as a theoretical and technical and as a technological concept. But, we think it's time to define a true place for it - as a scientific category, and also to discuss its special status as a natural phenomenon [1].

Keywords: cavitation, caviton, cavitation force, cavitation energy, Big Bang, cavitation effect, vortex cavitation effect, bubble structure, types of cavitons, jet, atomic innovative model

Introduction. In order to take into account in the existing models of the Universe and theories of unification, we introduce a new structure, a particle like this - a caviton capable of generating a special - cavitation force (FC) and an additional form of free energy - cavitation energy (EC), restraining the growth of entropy, i.e. It can resist the spontaneous aspiration of entropy to its maximum, according to the second law of thermodynamics. It is not a hypothetical particle (say, like a graviton!), But it is transformed from one kind - into another kind of structure, it can be in the state of an atom, in a state of a molecule, even in a macro state - in the form of a visually observable bubble. Also, we do not rule out the option, when the caviton will look like a fundamental elementary particle of the micronucleon state, i.e. in the form of a micro-level nucleón-size structure. But, in any case and at any level, this structure, which we called the "Caviton", will express a bubble of different sizes and different configurations. Cavitation phenomenon or process will be understood as collapse of this bubble under pressure from outside with respect to this bubble. Slapping can occur as a purely natural phenomenon - a phenomenon or as an artificial process. We will distinguish between the effect of cavitation (EC) and the effect of vortex cavitation (EVC) [2]-[4]. In addition to the intended goal - the conversion of the caviton into a scientific category, we do not hide it, we want to determine its true place among the selected particles that have become the prastructures of the fundamental five forces of interaction of nature (FFIN): gravitational, electric, magnetic and strong nuclear, weak nuclear. Although the caviton is not an elementary particle, like a graviton, an electron, a neutron and a proton, its behavior allows one to judge the features of the same rank.

1 Examples of cavitons - bubble structures- Vacuum cleaners;- quasi-vacuum honeycombs and cavities;- air cavities;- gas cavities (we understand how difficult it is to believe and imagine how

bubbles are created inside the gas, in particular, inside the air, which is actually so);- Plasma cavities;- atom - as a special kind of caviton of electron-nucleon structure;- etc.

2 Birth of the neologism "caviton"We will explain why we use the word "caviton" in a variety of bubbles from

such a large range of sizes and configurations [1]:- First, we want to emphasize this: at the level of elementary particles, the

cavitons generate a cavitation force as an internuclear force - the cavitons of type C1 are the smallest, as far as can be imagined, formed from free ions;

- Secondly, at the atomic-nucleon level, the cavitons generate a cavitation force as an interatomic force-the Cavitons of type C2 are small, as molecules formed from atoms;

- Thirdly, at the molecular-nucleon level, the cavitons generate the cavitation force as an intermolecular force - the Cavitons of type C3 are fine-grained, formed from molecules [5];

- and finally, fourthly, at the macro level, the cavitons generate a cavitation force as a thermodynamic force - Cavitons of the type C4 visible to the naked eye, we usually call them bubbles, formed from molecular associations of the medium inside which the gas molecules are located, i.e. in the bubbles encapsulates the gas formed in the process of the medium's swirling, for example, air in an aquatic environment, which is stirred up due to a vortex, then we say "air bubbles".

The most important reason for this decision is that during one phenomenon in the natural environment, all or nearly all of the above-mentioned caviton types can take place, for example during a volcanic eruption. In this case, one should bear in mind and remember that under cavitation we understand not just the formation of bubbles, but their collapse under pressure and microexplosions, generated by these collapses.

As a rule, volcanoes take their origin from a layer of magma or sometimes directly from the core of the earth, i.e. from the hell. Therefore, because of the enormous pressure and temperature, at first - at the very beginning of the eruption pulses - cavitons of the C1 type are formed, the feature of which will be an all-pervasive character. That is why, they are responsible for the transmutation of chemical elements and for the formation of various minerals - noble formations and precious metals along the path of volcanic liquid flow that seekers discover as treasures in the pathways of extinct volcanoes. As the pressure and temperature

decrease as the flow of the volcano flows to the surface of the earth, other types of C2-C4 cavitons are formed alternately, thereby preventing the extinction of volcanic fire and supporting the flow in the form of a plasma. Because of this phenomenon, lava - the surface appearance of the stream erupting the volcano - has a special structure that can not be confused with anything - porosity, for example, rocks such as pumice, obsidian - volcanic glass, and it is easily visible to the naked eye after hardening.

2.1 Atom - as a structural formation in the form of a caviton electron-nucleon singular configuration. Atomic innovative modelTo the assertion of the first paragraph "... at the level of elementary particles,

the cavitons generate cavitation force as an internuclear force - the cavitons of type C1 are the smallest as far as one can imagine, formed from free ions;" we will return, that is why: in connection with the classification of the neologism "Caviton", the question arises: "can we talk about a new, or, more accurately, innovative view of the structural formation of an atom as such a complex concept?"

We believe that such a statement of the question is quite natural. In addition, the debate about the structure of the atom since the time of the great Rutherford flares up systematically until now, although there is no shortage of proposals on this subject on the part of scientists. The electron shell at a certain energy level, encompassing the nucleus-nucleon compound of protons and neutrons within itself, forms a kind of bubble, and the set of shells formed by different energy levels make up a whole string of nucleon cavitons for the same atom. In order to "collapse" such a caviton, it is necessary to overcome the weak nuclear force of interaction, i.e. - a weak interaction, which will express, in other words, nuclear fusion.

Thus, the cavitation force in this context will be nothing more than a force of equanimity, but counter-directed, to the strength of a weakly strong fundamental interaction. In other words, in order to implement the NF, it turns out that it is necessary to apply a CF equal to, at least, a weak nuclear force. Here we can formulate the following statement: "In the process of nuclear fusion - cold nuclear fusion (CNF), it is sufficient to collapse one of the electron shells from a string of nucleon cavitons of the type C1 for the same atoms, with the multi-isotope chemical element (MI-ChE) mutates into another isotope of this ChE".

So, proceeding from the concept of cavitation, we came to the innovative model of the atom - atomic innovative model (AIM). It seems that along with the planetary model of the atom - atomic planetary model (APM) of Ernest Rutherford, the AIM has the right to life, since the CF is included in the composition of the FFIN.

3 The origins of the neologism are quite familiar formations and phenomena

Often, during a strong eruption already above the ground with flamethrowing, it is accompanied by the formation of lightning, the so-called "dirty lightning". We

know that the temperature of the plasma in these lightnings reaches 24-25 thousand degrees Celsius. Even if electricity is generated in them, as many experts are convinced (this conviction also bites us!), Its strength and power are insufficient to achieve such a temperature. We take the liberty of asserting that cavitation contributes to this, in other words, cavitation force and energy, together with electromagnetism, generate the plasma itself and support it in the form of lightning. In addition, volcanic eruptions are accompanied by thundering, light-and-sound representations, which can not be explained only by an electrical phenomenon; these sounds are also mostly generated by cavitation [6]; The cavitation force and the cavitation energy are their true source. Natural examples can be found on the Internet - a lot, here's one: "Dirty thunderstorms" "Dirty thunderstorm - this is a powerful electrical storm phenomenon that forms in the plume of a volcanic eruption. What exactly generates these massive electrical discharges is still unknown, scientists assume that the particles of ice and dust rub against each other and produce static electricity, which causes these amazing lightning of unusual color. During 2011, massive dirty thunderstorms were observed in Chile. The temperature and density of the ash fountains without the presence of water, which could explain the formation of lightning, still makes this phenomenon an unsolved natural secret" (https://interesnosti.com/1257272818036378086/10-neobychnyh-elektricheskih-yavlenij-suschestvuyuschih-v-prirode /) (see photo 1!):

By the above reasoning and explanations and the given example, we believe that at least a veil of the mystery hidden in the volcanic eruptions and consequences from them, in particular - from where do not take lightning with them, was slightly opened.

Photo 1 - From the open resource of the specified site

Here is another example of the phenomenon of transmutation in volcanic manifestations: "Scientists have found "a treasure" in volcanic emissions" (http://rusplt.ru/news/novosti/uchenyie-nashli-klad-33634.html?utm_referrer=https% 3A% 2F% 2Fzen.yandex.com) (see photo 2!)

Photo 2 - From the open resource of the specified site

Volcanoes emitted by volcanoes contain rare compounds of precious metals. Specialists from the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Petroleum of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Experimental Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted a study of fumarolic incrustations in the Kuril Islands - the outgrowths resulting from the emergence of fumarolic gases on the surface. They are released from active volcanoes in the intervals between eruptions. At the same time, the composition of gases is significantly affected by their temperature, which can vary from 100 to 700 degrees Celsius".

But, how huge and destructive the volcanic eruptions on the Earth were, they can not compare with the black hole jets that were discovered and discovered quite recently with the help of NASA's powerful telescopes and space probes, here is one such example from 10/31/2017 (https://in-space.ru/raskryta-tajna-svetyashhihsya-dzhetov-u-chernyh-dyr/) "The mystery of glowing jets in black holes is revealed: Black holes are known for absorbing material that has got into their environment. However, not everything that falls in them, "disappears" forever. A small part of the substance can escape from hungry monsters in the form of powerful jets of hot gas (plasma), which can damage the environment of black holes. In passing, this plasma is somehow charged so strongly that it starts to emit visible light, forming two bright jets along the axis of rotation of the black hole. Scientists have long been trying to answer the question: what and at what moment does the plasma rays shine? (it is precisely these questions that correspond to the effect of cavitation: the plasma begins to shine as soon as cavitation starts its active action, amplified by electromagnetism, - note Aubakir D.A.!). Thanks to the NASA "NuSTAR" space telescope and the "ULTRACAM" camera, scientists were able to measure the distance (acceleration zone) that particles run through in plasma jets before they "turn on" and become bright sources of light. In their work, the researchers studied two "x-ray" binary systems in the Milky Way. Each of them consists of a black hole and a normal star absorbed by the companion. The first system, the V404 Cygnus, reached its maximum brightness in June 2015. At that moment, she produced the brightest flash that the scientist could fix in X-ray binaries in the 21st century.

Photo 3 - Black hole with accretion disk and stream of glowing

hot gas. From the open resource of the specified site

The second pair, GX 339-4, at the time of the observation of the luminary is only 1% of the expected. The star and the black hole in the GX 339-4 are much closer to each other than in the Swan V404 system. Despite their difference, the systems showed the same time delays (about one-tenth of a second) between the fixation of the "NuSTAR" first X-ray and "ULTRACAM" visible light. "One possible explanation is that the physics of the jets is not determined by the size of the accretion disk, but depends on the speed, temperature and other properties of the particles in them", says Poshak Gandhi, lead author of the study from the University of Southampton (UK). The most convincing assumption, which explains the delay, is that X-ray light emits material that is very close to the black hole. First, strong magnetic fields accelerate a part of the substance. This leads to the fact that the particles collide at a velocity close to the speed of light, exciting a plasma that eventually emits a stream of optical radiation. So, the formation of jets in black holes: but at what point does the plasma start to glow? The answer to this question lies in the delay between X-ray and optical radiation. By multiplying the delay time for particle velocity, scientists determined the maximum distance traveled by them, which turned out to be approximately 30,000 kilometers. The segment is a zone of internal acceleration in which the plasma accelerates and "turns on", emitting light (it includes cavitation, which is due to electromagnetism - note Aubakir D.A.!) This is slightly less than three diameters of the Earth and is incredibly small on a cosmic scale, especially considering the fact that the black hole in V404 Swan is more massive than our planet in 3 million times".

In our opinion, in these jets, the effect of cavitation plays a decisive role in the formation of a plasma stream, a jet proper, which is able to "escape" even from such a proletarian, which is a black hole. If we ask ourselves the question: what type of cavitons are found in jets (?), We would answer: mostly cavitons of types C1-C2, rarely C3-C4, since here we are dealing with a plasma of very dense consistency, i.e. medium with increased ionization. And this, in turn, provides intensive glow of the jet, because of the extreme density of the EVC.

Here we want to put an end to the "i" regarding the nature of lightning, referring to the material of the following site:

https://interesnosti.com/1297784461321046167/10-obscheizvestnyh-faktov-kotorym-uchyonye-poka-tak-i-ne-nashli-obyasnenie/ "Ever since people began to comprehend the nature of electricity, and still lightning strikes are a complete mystery. From the point of view of modern science, they simply should not be (now - it is quite possible, moreover, precisely by science - note Aubakir D.A.!). Scientists today understand many processes, of which nothing was known a couple of hundred years ago. They know that warm air rises from the ground, cools down and forms a cloud. When these clouds become larger, they can turn into thunderstorms. They can also accumulate 100 million volts of electricity, which are discharged into the earth with a temperature four times greater (this is approximately 24,000 degrees Celsius – note Aubakir D.A.!) Than the temperature on the surface of the sun. But one thing is not clear: how in a small cloud such a powerful "ray of death" is formed. Based on what scientists know about electricity, this is simply impossible. The electric field during a thunderstorm is about ten times smaller than the field needed to create a lightning, so no one understands where the lightning comes from".

The following scientific discovery answers the questions posed in this paragraph: The subject of scientific discovery, concluded in the Authors' Certificate of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 2296 of 10.10.2017. IS 009992. Authors: AUBAKIR Daurenbek Azenuly, AZEN Yerabylay Daurenbekuly, Aubakirov Kenzhebek Azenovich: "Cavitation is a source of free energy in nature. Ball lightning - is generated by the direct participation of cavitation, it becomes self-organized: it moves, it exists and disappears, cavitating". The consequences of this discovery are as follows: "Cavitation is the cause and exciting force of the eruption of a volcano, the emergence of lightning and thunder, a tornado and a vortex funnel, a typhoon and a cyclone, and similar extremely harmful natural phenomena".

Conclusion. Thus, the FC of the effects of EC and EVC is the force that is missing for the formation of lightning in nature. Therefore, the lightning plasma is formed from cavitons of types C1-C2, with a rare concentration of types C3-C4, while the CMM-ball lightning, on the contrary, is formed mainly from cavitons of types C3-C4! EC, EVC as artificial processes are widely used in practice [7]-[8].

Note 1: Another reason for the inconsistency, up to now, of the great unification theories in physics is probably the ignoring of the cavitation force in nature, besides, the force of natural radiation that forms the natural radiation background on the entire planet remains unaccounted for, although a strong and weak nuclear forces, but they are on their own.

4 Where does natural radiation come from?To confirm the verdict of the previous note, here is a paragraph from:

https://www.quarta-rad.ru/useful/vse-o-radiacii/estestvenniy-radiacionniy-fon/"The natural radiation background (NRB) of the Earth is related to its history and the

evolution of the biosphere. Since the birth of our planet, it has been under the constant influence of cosmic radiation. A huge amount of cosmogenic radionuclides was involved in the formation of the Earth's crust. Scientists believe that tectonic processes, molten magma, the formation of mountain systems are due to the appearance of radioactive decay and the heating up of subsoil. In places of faults, shifts and strains of the earth's crust, oceanic depressions, radionuclides came to the surface and places with powerful ionizing radiation appeared. The formation of supernovae also influenced the Earth - the level of cosmic radiation increased tens of times on it. True, supernovae were born approximately once in hundreds of millions of years. Gradually the radioactivity of the Earth decreased.

At present, the Earth's biosphere is still affected by cosmic radiation, radionuclides scattered in solid terrestrial rocks, oceans, seas, underground waters, air and living organisms. The totality of the listed components of the radiation background (ionizing radiation) is commonly called the natural radioactive background. Natural radioactivity includes several components:

• cosmic radiation;• radioactive substances in the terrestrial interior;• radionuclides in water, food, air, etc.

The NRB is an integral part of the natural habitat. The honor of his discovery belongs to the French scientist A. Becquerel, who accidentally discovered the phenomenon of natural radioactivity in 1896. And in 1912 the Austrian physicist W. Hess discovered cosmic rays, comparing the ionization of air in the mountains and at sea level. The power of cosmic radiation is not homogeneous. Nearer to the earth's surface, it decreases due to the shielding atmospheric layer. And, on the contrary, it is stronger in the mountains, since the protective screen of the atmosphere is weaker. For example, in an airplane that flies in the sky at an altitude of 10,000 meters, the radiation level exceeds ground-level radiation by almost 10 times. The strongest source of radioactive radiation is the Sun".

As can be seen from this paragraph, the strong and weak nuclear forces do not exert a significant influence on the formation of the NRB, and the use and testing of nuclear power plants and atomic bombs began only in the 40s of the 20th century. The direct influence of nuclear forces on the NRB began from this moment. Hence, V.I. Vernadsky when asserted: "In nature, there is a single force that generates free energy, opposed to spontaneous growth of entropy - radiation", he did not mean these nuclear forces, but had in view of the strength of the NRB, i.e. - the force of natural radiation, affecting the Earth billions of years.

Note 2 and the final conclusion: The Big Bang Theory (BW) is considered confirmed, generally accepted and recognized. So we can refer to it. In this regard, we would like to raise the question: how fully are the five recognized forces-the fundamental forces of the interaction of nature: gravitational, electric, magnetic and strong nuclear, weak nuclear from the very beginning, present and exert their effective

influence?We admit that the question is rhetorical, no one specifically gave an answer to

this question, but would this mean that it does not exist or is it not asked at all?In connection with the announcement of our cavitation force is also

fundamental, this question emerges by itself, whether we like it or not, ie. Instead of the question: "What was before BV?", we consider our question more fruitful: "What forces provided such a powerful surge in the origin of the world that led to the emergence of an ever expanding universe, and which of the five fundamental forces of nature interaction were present among them?" Here is what the representative of the Soviet scientific school, now the American scientist Andrew Linde, wrote, as if God put it into his mouth: "At first the singularity was in the form of a single bubble or in the form of a structure with several bubbles that flared up and exploded, from these explosions a universe now all the time is in the process of expansion, thanks to inflation [9, p. 96-98].

Of course, we can not hide that from this statement we get pleasure, because in some way the results of A. Linde's research confirm our statements about the EC, the EVC and the role of the CF. Nevertheless, we would like to make sure that his statements are not just a play of words that accompanies the context, but a real story about the formation of the universe. Further A. Linde is expressed even more clearly: "The universe is from the bubble!" And uses the term "Space-time bubble" in his work [9].

REFERENCES

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Scientific Internet Conference: conference materials (Kazan, January 28, 2014): 2 t. / Virtual Conference Service Pax Grid / compiler Sinyayev D.N. Kazan: IP Sinyaev D.N., 2014, vol. 1, p. 18-22.[6] Aubakir D.A. Persistently we do not recognize this force, although all are in sight. // 28/03/2018: https://massaget.kz/blogs/oy_tolgaular/24502/ in the portal massaget.kz.[7] Aubakir D.A., Revinov N.M., Azen Y., Nurtayev E. Innovative prerequisites for sustainable development of the heat supply and hot water supply system on the basis of the IIHS, IHS of the city of Astana. // V International Scientific Conference on Fundamental and Applied Problems of Sustainable Development development in the system "Nature-Society-Man": problems of measuring and managing sustainable development in the face of global challenges, risks and threats: coll. scientific works. The electronic scientific publication "Sustainable Innovative Development: Design and Management" www.rypravlenie.ru V. 11, No. 4(29), 2015, Article 10. (Moscow-Dubna), p. 126-148.[8] Aubakir D.A. Revinov's pilot plants. // Journal of Physical Science and Application. Vol. 6, Number 3, March 2016, David Publishing Company, 616 Corporate Way, Suite 2-4876, Valley Collage, New York 10989, USA, p. 44-54.[9] Linde Andrew. The Many-faced Universe. / file:///Linde_Mnogolikaya-Vselennaya.7pt4Kw.166114.fb2