7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the newspaper articles and your own knowledge to answer Number 1.

1. What was the direct effect of the Lusitania being sunk? A. World War I began B. The end of World War IC. The U.S. entered World War ID. The U.S. excited World War I

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the chart and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 2-3.

2. Which of the explosive material is an example of militarism?A. Germany’s war plan was not flexible enoughB. French unhappiness at the loss of Alsace and Lorraine in 1871C. Two Alliance system in existenceD. Arms race between Germany and France

3. Many causes led up to World War I, which event started the war?A. France loosing Alsace and Lorraine to Germany B. Austria was competing with Russia influence in EuropeC. Naval rivalry between Britain D. The assassination at Sarajevo

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the chart and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 4-5.

Triple Entente (Allies) Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

4. Alliances were a major cause of World War I becauseA. Countries were able to stay out of each other’s conflictsB. Countries had better communication C. Small struggles between two countries brought many countries into the conflict D. Problems between countries were easily solved

5. Which country in the Triple Entente had the fewest alliances but still had to become involved in World War I?

A. RussiaB. Belgium C. Great BritainD. France

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the chart and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 6-8.

Treaty of Versailles:

The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918. The treaty was signed at the vast Versailles Palace near Paris - hence its title - between Germany and the Allies. The three most important politicians there were David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson. Many wanted Germany, now led by Friedrich Ebert, smashed; others, like Lloyd George, were privately more cautious.

Germany’s PunishmentsLand Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)

Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium)Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia)West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia (given to Poland)The League of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies.

Military Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 menArmy was not allowed tanksNo air forceOnly 6 capital naval ships and no submarinesThe west of the Rhineland and 50 east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone.

Financial Pay reparations-  $33 billionGeneral Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war

6. Which of the following was banned in Germany? A. AirplanesB. BattleshipsC. Machine gunsD. Mustard gas

7. Out of the many punishments spelled out in the Treaty of Versailles which one had the greatest effect on Germany’s economy

A. Only having 6 naval shipsB. Taking full responsibility for the warC. Pay reparationsD. Not having soldiers in a demilitarized zone

7th grade Pre Test

8. What was one reason the Nazi programs and policies of the early 1930’s appealed to many people in Germany?

A. The people were frustrated with their current economic and political situationB. Germany had been denied membership in the United NationsC. German people were happy with their government D. The German people feared that the French and the British would take over

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the excerpt, pictures, and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 9-10.

The Holocaust

The story of the Holocaust is one of the saddest chapters in human history. During World War II, over 6 million Jewish men, women, and children were killed in death camps. The German leader, Adolph Hitler, hated Jewish people. When he became Chancellor of Germany, he made laws to limit the freedoms of Jewish people. His political party, the Nazi Party, distributed anti-Semitic or anti-Jewish propaganda to the German people. During the war, Hitler rounded up all Jewish people who were still in Germany and Nazi-controlled territories.

The Jewish people were sent to concentration camps. Some of the camps were labour camps. The prisoners were treated inhumanely and forced to work hard hours. Many died because they were too weak to keep working. Other camps were death camps. No one who went in came out alive. Hitler wanted a country of all white, blue-eyed, blond-haired citizens. He thought that the Aryan or white race was superior to other races.

When the world found out about the Holocaust, people were shocked and horrified. Other governments had an idea about Hitler’s anti-Jewish feelings and policies, but no one knew the extent of the horror.

German newspaper propaganda:

9. Hitler would use these propaganda pictures for what purpose? A. To show strong the German people are B. To show how rich the Jewish people wereC. To show how hard it was to be GermanD. To show how trustworthy Jewish people are

7th grade Pre Test

10. While the Holocaust was happening many people all around the world did not attempt to stop it. Which of the following statements is a reason that some risked everything to help Jewish people?

A. Hitler was distributing propaganda which they believedB. To become famousC. They felt a duty to protect innocent people D. Anti-Semitism (prejudice against Jewish people) has been around before Hitler

Student Directions: Use the quote and your own knowledge to answer Number 11.

Aztec Markets

When he arrived in 1519, the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés described the magnificent Aztec of Tenochtitlán with these words.

11. What impressed Cortés when he arrived in Tenochtitlán in 1519?A. The squares the Aztec had constructedB. The amount and different types of products being sold in the marketC. The money that was used to buy the productsD. The fact that Aztecs even had markets

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the excerpt and your own knowledge to answer Number 12.

Maya Achievements

The Mayas began to move into Central America as early as 1500 B.C. At first, they only had small villages. But over time they started to build big cities. A Mayan city was like a small kingdom. The Maya were among the first civilizations to understand the mathematical concept of zero. They developed a 365 day calendar based on the sun’s movement and a 260 day calendar based of sacred days. They had the best-developed system of writing in ancient

Latin America It used symbols called hieroglyphs.

Maya farmers often cut down and burned tree, planting crops in their place. They later allowed the forest to grown back to restore the soil’s nutrients. The Maya also farmed rich floodplains, building up ridges of land on which to plant crops. This slash-and burn method allowed the Mayans to grow plenty of crops to feed their large population.

12. The Mayas used what skill to help their population to grow from small villages to small kingdoms?

A. Using the slash and burn methodB. Developing a calendarC. Creating hieroglyphsD. Understanding the concept of zero

Student Directions: Use the quote and your own knowledge to answer Number 12.

Mansa Musa expanded the Mali empire to twice the size of the Ghana empire it replaced. On his hajj to Mecca, Mansa Musa stopped in Cairo, Egypt, and was described by the Egyptian official in this way:

This man Mansa Musa, spread upon Cairo the flood of his generosity: there was no person, officer of the court, or holder of any office of the Sultanate who did not receive a sum of gold from him.

12. What about Mansa Musa impressed the Egyptian official?A. The distance Mansa Musa had traveledB. The amount of people Mansa Musa met while in EgyptC. The gold that Mansa Musa gave everyone he metD. The clothing that Mansa Musa wore

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the excerpt, the quote and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 13-14

Wealth Through Trade: Thanks to the cleverness of their king, the people of ancient Ghana were rich! Ghana never owned gold or salt mines. Salt came from the salt mines controlled by kingdoms to the north of Ghana, kingdoms in the north Sahara Desert. Gold came from the gold mines controlled by kingdoms to the south of Ghana. What Ghana controlled was the trade route between the salt mines and the gold mines.

Ghana offered the traders a deal. Ghana's large army assured the traders of safe passage. In return, Ghana restricted trade to gold dust only. They kept the gold nuggets for themselves. Ghana became the guardians and the negotiators.

As more and more traders braved the Trans-Sahara Trade Route, bringing spices and silks to Ghana, and taking gold in trade, the Kingdom of Ghana flourished. Ghana and other West African kingdoms soon became collectively known as The Gold Coast.

"The King adorns himself like a woman wearing necklaces round his neck and bracelets on his forearms and he puts on a high crown decorated with gold and wrapped in a turban of fine cotton. He holds an audience in a domed pavilion around which stand ten horses covered with gold-embroidered materials…and on his right, are the sons of the vassal kings of his country, wearing splendid garments and their hair plaited with gold. At the door of the pavilion are dogs of excellent pedigree. Round their necks they wear collars of gold and silver, studded with a number of balls of the same metals."

10th century geographer Al-Bakri, quoted in Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History.

13. How did the country of Ghana become so wealthy?A. Ghana received gold for providing traders with safe passageB. By stealing salt and goldC. By trading gold and saltD. They bought spices and silks

14. How does the quote support the fact that Ghana was a wealthy country?A. The king has dogsB. The king is holding audienceC. The king has ten horsesD. The king, and animals all wear gold and jewelry

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the picture and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 15-17.

15. Which of these statements about the people who lived in the picture above?A. They led a nomadic way of lifeB. They relied entirely on hunting for foodC. They depended on trade to surviveD. They used local resources to meet their needs

16. Which group of people were responsible for farming?A. KnightsB. LordsC. NoblesD. Serfs

17. In European feudal society, an individual’s social status was generally determined byA. BirthB. Education and trainingC. Individual abilitiesD. Marriage

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the excerpt and your own knowledge to answer Number 18

18. You can tell from the excerpt that Vasari regarded Leonardo as a A. ReformerB. GeniusC. Misguided artistD. Borrower of others’ ideas

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the excerpt, photos, and your own knowledge to answer Number 19.

The Printing Press

When Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1445, he forever changed the lives of people in Europe and, eventually, all over the world. Previously, bookmaking entailed copying all the words and illustrations by hand. Often the copying had been done onto animal skin that had been scraped until it was clean, smooth, and thin. The labor that went into creating them made each book very expensive. Because Gutenberg's press could produce books quickly and with relatively little effort, bookmaking became much less expensive, allowing more people to buy reading material.

19. Based on the excerpt and the two pictures how were books produced before Guttenberg invented the printing press?

A. Books were written on clay tablesB. Books were written by hand on animal skinC. Books were carved into stoneD. Books were written by hand onto paper

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the maps and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 20-21.

20. Before 1500 where were most of the printing presses located? A. SpainB. ItalyC. FranceD. Germany

7th grade Pre Test

21. Based on the maps which of the following statements is true?A. More people all over Europe could purchase books after 1500B. Fewer people came in contact with books in 1500C. The printing press was not a popular machineD. The printing press was avaliable in Africa

Student Directions: Use the excerpt and your own knowledge to answer Number 22.

The Demand for Books Grows

In the Middle Ages, books had been costly and education rare; only the clergy had been regular readers and owners of books. In the Renaissance, the educated middle classes, who could now afford books. Readers wanted a greater variety of books. Books also helped to spread awareness of a new philosophy that emerged when Renaissance scholars known as humanists returned to the works of ancient writers. Almanacs, travel books, chivalry romances, and poetry were all published at this time. A means of printing music was also invented, making music available at a reasonable cost. As the demand for books grew, the book trade began to flourish throughout Europe, and industries related to it, such as papermaking, thrived as well. The result of all of this was a more literate populace and a stronger economy.

22. Which of the following was not an effect of the printing press?A. Books were available to more people B. Different types of books were now demandC. The Renaissance ideas were spread all over EuropeD. Books were burnt more freely

Student Directions: Use the expert and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 23-24.

23. Which statement would Viewpoint A agree with?A. Columbus had no right to take over land people already lived onB. Columbus stole land and gold from peopleC. Columbus changed the world in a positive way D. Columbus did not change the world in a positive way

7th grade Pre Test

24. Why does Viewpoint B believe that Columbus’ arrival to the Americas was a disaster?A. Columbus provided millions of homes for people all over the globeB. Columbus forced many Native Americans into slavery C. Columbus brought better religion to the areaD. Columbus brought better technology to the native people

Student Directions: Use the timeline and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 25-26.

25. According to the timeline what happened after Muhammad died?A. Islam began to die offB. Islam remained only in MadinahC. Islam spread faster and furtherD. Makkah surrendered to the Muslim forces

26. According to the timeline what was the furthest country Islam spread to?A. ChinaB. TurkeyC. IndiaD. Egypt

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the timeline and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 27-28.

27. Which event in Japanese history would be considered imperialism?A. Japan gains Taiwan and domination of KoreaB. U.S Commodore Perry visits JapanC. Japan surrenders at the end of World War IID. Meiji Constitution is adopted

28. Based on the timeline what can you infer about China’s relationship with Japan?A. China had no contact with JapanB. China supported the Meiji Constitution being adoptedC. China was suspicious of Japan’s actions in AsianD. China helped Japan win the Russo-Japanese War

7th grade Pre Test

Student Directions: Use the timeline and your own knowledge to answer Numbers 29-30.

Slavery in Brazil

Brazil had the largest slave population in the world, much larger than the United States. The Portuguese who settled Brazil needed labor to work the large estates and mines in their new Brazilian colony. They turned to slavery which became central to the colonial economy. It was particularly important in the mining and sugar cane. Slavery was also the mainstay in the Caribbean islands with economies centered on sugar. Estimates suggest that about 35 percent of captured Africans involved in the Atlantic slave trade were transported to Brazil. Estimates suggest that number to be around 5 million. Brazil had begun to turn to slavery in the 15th century as explorers began moving along the coast of Africa. With the discovery of the Americas, the Portuguese attempted to enslave the Native American population as well. This did not prove successful. The Native Americans died in large numbers, both because of slave raiding, mistreatment, and the lack of resistance to European diseases. The Portuguese found captured Africans to be a valuable trading commodity as Europeans began to settle the Caribbean islands.

29. What information can you find in both the map and the excerpt? A. The names of the areas Africans were taken fromB. The path of the ships from Africa to the AmericasC. The reason Brazil needed to use African slavesD. The types of crops that were produced by slaves

7th grade Pre Test

30. Why did the Portuguese look to Africa to find slaves to work on the estates and in the mines?

A. There was no one on the land when the Portuguese came to BrazilB. Native Americans wanted too much money to work C. Native Americans died too quickly D. Africans knew how to plant rice