Name: ______________Date:__________________

Session: _________Teacher: Zeilman

Concept 1: Colonial Development

Key Learning: The historical evidence supports the changing relationship between the colonists and the mother country.Unit Essential Question: How does historical evidence support the change in the relationship between colonists and the mother country that occurred from early colonization to a declaration of independence?

· Unit 1: Colonization of North America

· Concept #1: Colonial Development

· How are the essential components of each region's interconnection uniting the English colonies?

· Warm-Up Directions: View the map below to answer the following questions.

· 1. Which nations lost territory after 1763?

· 2. Which nations gained territory after 1763?

· Main Idea: Britain’s victory in the French & Indian War forced France to give up its North American colonies.

· Why It Matters Now: British influence spread over North America, though French populations and place names still exist here.

The French and Indian War

· ____________________________________________________

· Native American groups competed for furs, and through their alliances with European trading partners, they obtained weapons and become involved in European conflicts.

Planting the seeds for the French & Indian War

· The seeds for the French and Indian War were planned when British fur traders began moving into the Ohio River valley in the 1750s.

· Charles de Langlade (French) controlled the fur trade.

· In 1752, Charles commanded 250 Ottawa and Chippewa warriors in an attack on the village of Pickawillany in Ohio.

· His reason: the Miami people who lived there ___________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________.

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How did the fur trade lead to wars?

Fort Duquesne(Pronounced du-KAYN)

· To keep the British out of the valley, Charles destroyed the village of Pickawillany and its British trading post.

· This upset the Virginia colony, which claimed title to the land.

· Virginia’s lieutenant governor sent about 40 men to build a fort at the head of the Ohio River, where Pittsburg stands today.

· _________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________.

War Begins and Spreads

· George Washington was on his way to defend Fort Duquesne when he learned of its surrender. He and his men pushed on and build another fort, Fort Necessity.

· Following Washington’s surprise attack on a French force, the French & their allies attacked Fort Necessity.

· ____________________________________________________.

Albany Plan of Union

· Benjamin Franklin suggested that the colonies band together for defense.

· _____________________________ was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies.

· The plan called for each colony to send representatives to a Grand Council. The council would be able to collect taxes, raise armies, make treaties, and start new settlements.

· Colonial legislatures would eventually defeat this plan because they didn’t want to give up control of their own affairs.

Braddock’s Defeat

· General Braddock – a British Officer

· George Washington, Braddock & their red-coated (British) army of 2,100 marched toward the French at Fort Duquesne

· On July 9, on a narrow trail 8 miles from Fort Duquesne, ______________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________.

Braddock’s Defeat continued..

· Braddock’s force was unprotected and easy for the enemy to see.

· __________________________________________________________________________ but Braddock would not listen.

· _________________________________________________________________________

· General Braddock died from his wounds.

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Why was Braddock defeated by a smaller enemy force?

Battle of Quebec

· In the late summer, the British began to attack France at its capital, Quebec.

· __________________________ 300 ft. above the St. Lawrence River. Cannon and thousands of soldiers guarded its thick walls.

Battle of Quebec continued..

· _____________________________________________________ up the cliffs to the plains just west of Quebec.

· At night, Wolfe & 4,000 of his men floated to the path & secretly climbed the cliffs.

· When the French awoke, the British were lined up on the plains, ready to attack.

· Quebec surrendered to the British.

· __________________________________________________________.

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How were the British able to capture Quebec?

Treaty of Paris

· When the Seven Years’ War ended in 1763, _____________________________.

· By the Treaty of Paris, Britain claimed all of North America east of the Miss. River.

· _____________________________________________________.

Exit Ticket

List three effects of the French & Indian War.

Results of the French and Indian War

· ____________________________________________________.

· English claimed all land to the Mississippi River

· Land traded back and forth over time

· Indians gained nothing for their contributions

After The War

· After French forces withdrew, the British took over their forts. _________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________.

· They refused to give supplies to the Native Americans, as the French had.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

· In the spring and summer of 1763, the Native American groups responded by attacking settlers and destroying almost every British fort west of the Appalachians. ________________

_________________________________________________________________.

· (siege = a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside)

Pontiac’s Rebellion continued..

· This revolt was called Pontiac’s Rebellion, although the Ottawa war leader Pontiac was only one of many organizers.

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Why did the Native Americans attack the British?

How the British reacted..

· The British settlers reacted with equal viciousness, killing even Indians who had not attacked them.

· British officers came up with a brutal plan to end the Delaware siege at Fort Pitt.

The brutal reaction from the British

· British officers invited Delaware war leaders in to talk and then _____________________

_______________________________________________.This started a deadly outbreak.

What is smallpox?

· Smallpox is a deadly virus that is eradicated (no longer in existence).

· Smallpox was characterized by the eruption of hundreds or thousands of fluid-filled blisters on the skin of an infected person as well as high fever, blood poisoning, and organ failure.

· As many as 90% of Native Americans who died during the Age of Exploration and New World settlement, died of Smallpox and other diseases brought by European explorers and settlers, making disease the single greatest factor contributing to the collapse of native tribes and empires. 

Why was the Proclamation of 1763 issued?

· By the fall, the Native Americans had retreated.

· Even so, the uprising made the British government see that defending Western lands would be costly.

· Therefore, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763, _______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________.

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What were some of the effects of Pontiac’s Rebellion?