Migration DBQ

Why Do People Migrate

and

What Impact Does Migration Have on Regions of the World?

Document Set A Jewish Migration/The Creation of Modern IsraelDocument Set B Drought in Western AfricaDocument Set C UAE Population Influx of Foreign WorkersDocument Set D The Partition of IndiaDocument Set E California Gold RushDocument Set F Natural Disaster and Migration: Hurricane KatrinaDocument Set G Brain Drain Document Set H African Forced Migration

Read It: Great Irish Famine—2014 Child Migration to US???

The Irish Potato Famine also called Great Potato Famine, Great Irish Famine, or Famine of 1845–49, occurred in Ireland in 1845–49. When the potato crop failed, Ireland suffered from famine. The crop failures were caused by blight, a disease that destroys both the leaves and the edible roots of the potato plant. The Irish Potato Famine was the worst famine to occur in Europe in the 19th century. By the early 1840s, almost one-half of the Irish population—primarily the rural poor—had come to depend almost exclusively on the potato for their diet, and thus the Irish became vulnerable to the famine.

The British government’s efforts to relieve the famine were inadequate. Much of the financial burden of providing for the starving Irish peasantry was thrown upon the Irish landowners. But because the peasantry was unable to pay its rents, the landlords soon ran out of funds with which to support them. By August 1847 as many as three million people were receiving rations at soup kitchens. Throughout the famine, many Irish farms continued to export grain, meat, and other high-quality foods to Britain because the Irish peasantry lacked the money to purchase them. The government’s ineffective measures to relieve the famine are stemmed from their economic belief of laissez-faire, which means that there should be as little government interference with the economy as possible. This economic ideology intensified the resentment of British rule among the Irish people which encouraged them to seek refugee elsewhere. America, at this time, whispered ideas of freedom and opportunities such as the Homestead Acts promising free land, and religious freedom for Catholic Irish.

In the late 1840s, prevailing ideologies among the British constitutional monarchy, political élite and the middle classes, prevented heavy or sustained relief. A practice of ethnic prejudices against the poorer Irish led to many Britain’s to view and to treat the Catholic Irish as something less than fully human. Such prejudices encouraged the spread of famine in Ireland and legislation passed against the Catholic Irish led too much of their property being confiscated by Great Britain.

The famine proved to be a defining moment in the demographic history of Ireland. As a direct consequence of the famine, Ireland’s population of almost 8.4 million in 1844 had fallen to 6.6 million by 1851. The number of agricultural laborers and smallholders in the western and southwestern counties underwent an especially drastic decline. About one million people died from starvation or from typhus and other famine-related diseases. The number of Irish who emigrated during the famine may have reached two million. Ireland’s population continued to decline in the following decades because of overseas emigration and lower birth rates. By the time Ireland achieved independence in 1921, its population was barely half of what it had been in the early 1840s.

Population changes in Ireland from 1841 to 1851 resulting from the potato famine

Sources: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/294137/Irish-Potato-Famine http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/famine_01.shtml

Process It: Great Irish Famine

A push factor drives someone to ____________ an area or _____________________.

A pull factor drives someone to ____________ an area or _____________________.

E (Push Factor)

S (Push Factor)

P (Push Factor)

‘N (Push Factor)

S (Pull Factor)

S (Pull Factor)

‘N (Pull Factor)

‘N (Pull Factor)

Documents A1 - ARead It: Jewish Migration/The Creation of Modern Israel

A1 Timeline of Jewish Immigration

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"It was November 8, 1945. The moment the boat arrived, Haifa and Mount Carmel looked like heaven. [...] Here began my new life in a country with the Jewish people. I felt that I had been saved."

Eliezer Ayalon, Holocaust survivor

Arab Palestinians began to leave their homes in cities in December 1947. The number of Arab Palestinians leaving their homes increased to hundreds of thousands by May 1948. During the last week of April in 1948, as the fighting cam closer to their home, the Palestinian family in this passage left Jaffa for Ramallah. On May 14, 1948 Israel was established. This new country included the city of Jaffa. The city of Ramallah was in the West Bank that became part of Jordan.

… I grew up hearing the description of my father’s last visit to Jaffa. And it has left an indelible (permanent) impression on me. My father’s entire holding were in and around Jaffa, the products of his own hard work. His father had left him nothing. How difficult it must have been to bid all this farewell. The image of my father, his every step echoing in the empty streets of a deserted city, still haunts me…

He moved on to the marketplace, empty except for a few shops that had somehow remained open. He walked passed Hinn’s, his barbershop, and found it closed. The courthouse was closed, as were the clinics, the nurseries, the cafes, the cinema. The place was deserted, prepared to be captured. What have we done, he wondered. How could we all have left?...Source: Raja Shehadeh, Strangers in the House, Coming of Age in Occupied Palestine Penguin Books

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Documents A1 – A4Process It: Jewish Migration

Use specific evidence from the article to support your responses.

The timeline and the graph can be combined to understand the underlying causes of Jewish migration because…

The years that show a dramitic increase in migration to Israel are…

The push factors driving the emigration are…

The pull factors drawing immigration are…

The years that show a dramitic decrease in migration to Israel are…

The historical events that explain this are…

The emotions being felt by the Israeli speaker in the quotation show…

The key words that explain this are…

The emotions being felt by the Israeli speaker in the quotation show…

The key words that explain this are…

These documents can be combined to understand the underlying effects of Jewish migration because…

Documents B1, B2Read It: West India

Drought Fuels Migration to CitiesWed, 27 Jun 2012 09:31 GMT By Darryl D'Monte

MUMBAI (AlertNet) - …Families, along with their cattle, have left their villages to look for work in cities including Mumbai, the state capital, less than 300 km away. Once there, many become slum dwellers.

Some 6,000 people out of Maan sub-district’s population of 200,000 have permanently migrated to urban areas in the past year, according to Yogendra Katiyare, the top local government official. Last year’s census shows that the inhabitants of Aundh village, for example, dropped to 7,500 from 9,000 a decade ago.

Climate factors appear to be playing a growing part in this migration. The increasingly erratic nature of rainfall in the Khatav and Maan areas of Satara can be linked to climate change, according to Ramachandra Sable, former head of the meteorology department at Rahuri Agricultural University in eastern Maharashtra. Sable told AlertNet that monsoon patterns are changing, leading to depletion of groundwater levels. Valsa Nair Singh, Maharashtra’s environment secretary, confirmed that the water level in Satara’s aquifers has dropped.

Khatav and Maan are located in the shadow of the Mahabaleshwar hills, which receive annual rainfall of around 6,000 mm - but the water does not flow eastwards. Analyzing the last three decades of rain in these areas, Sable found that 60 percent of years were deficient, 20 percent normal and only 20 percent above average.A rise in the summer temperature is reducing moisture retention in the soil, he observed.

Source: alertnet.com // Darryl D'Monte

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Documents B1, B2Process It: West India Drought Fuels Migration to Cities

Use specific evidence from the article to support your responses.

The push factor(s) that are causing people in the region to migrate to cities in western India are…

Effects:Continued migration may impact rural towns and villages in the future by…

Three examples of H.E.I. in the article are…

This migration is an example of _____________________ push factors and _________________________ pull

factors because…

Documents C1, C2Read It:

Ethnic GroupsEmirati 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)note: less than 20% are UAE citizens

Source: http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-population-surges-to-8-26-million-on-influx-of-foreign-workers#ixzz2CKKMZHci

UAE Population Surges to 8.26 Million on Influx of Foreign Workers

The population of the UAE surged to about 8.26 million in 2007, up 65 per cent from 2006 because of an influx of foreign workers, official statistics said. Population growth in the United Arab Emirates is among the highest in world, mostly due to immigration. According to census data there was a sevenfold increase between 1975 and 2005. The figures were generated by calculating the number of incoming workers – new visas compared with those cancelled – and the increase in population due to births, AFP reported. The leap was due to a huge influx of foreign workers during years of rapid economic growth, while the number of Emirati nationals grew by less than 100,000, from 851,164 in 2006 to 947,997 in the first half of last year. As a result, the percentage of nationals in the overall population has dropped to 11.47 per cent.

The UAE has seen its population surge from 5.01 million in 2006 to an estimated 8.26 million in the first half of last year, the National Bureau of Statistics said in figures posted on its website. The estimate was based on records for foreign residents provided by the interior ministry, it said.

Many expatriates have reportedly left the UAE after losing their jobs in the wake of the global financial crisis, which hit the UAE economy hard, mainly in former boomtown Dubai.

The new statistics show net migration inflows dropped from 1.15 million in 2007 and 1.8 million in 2008 to a mere 57,793 people in 2009, when the UAE economy shrunk by 2.5 per cent.

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Documents C1, C2Process It:

UAE Population Surges to 8.26 Million on Influx of Foreign WorkersUse specific evidence from the article to support your responses.

Migration in United Arab Emirates

Causes Effects

economic “booms”

economic “busts”

This document shows the impact of the impact of a global economy because…

MORE???

Documents D1, D2Read It: The Partition of India

History’s Greatest Migration4,000,000 People Cross the Punjab to Seek New Homes

…Gandhi’s beliefs were based, in part, on ancient Hindu ideals. This may have added to the hatred and suspicion that had always existed between Hindus and Muslims. The Muslims were afraid that they would have no power in the new India. Although the Hindu leaders, including Gandhi, tried to reassure the Muslims, no agreement could be reached. The country was finally divided into two parts- the independent Muslim state of Pakistan and a predominately Hindu state- the Democratic Republic of India…

The mass migration and exchange of populations in the Punjab- Muslims moving west into Pakistan and Hindus and Sikhs trekking east into India- have now reached a scale unprecedented in history. Accurate statistics are impossible to obtain, but it is reasonable to estimate that no fewer than four million people are now on the move both ways.

What this means in terms of human misery and hardship can be neither imagined nor described. Within the past few weeks the conditions over a wide area of Northern India, including the whole of the Indus Valley and part of the Gangetic Plain, have deteriorated steadily. It is no exaggeration to say that throughout the North-west Frontier Provinces, in the West Punjab, the East Punjab, and the Western part of the united Provinces the minority communities live in a state of insecurity often amounting to panic.

Source: Jean Bothwell, The First Book of India, Franklin Watts

Partition of Punjab, India

1947

Source: Guardian, Thursday, September 25, 1947

Cause

Effect

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Document DProcess It: The Partition of India

Trace the migration of these people on The blank map. (migrating from & to where?)

Key:

The underlying cause of the migration of the Muslims and Hindus in 1947 was…

Two ways in which the region of South Asia was affected by the partition of India was…

The photograph enforces the tone of the articles because…

Documents E1, E2Read It: California Gold Rush -- Migrating to California

In early 1849 people stampeded to California for the Great Gold Rush from all over the United States, Europe, Mexico, Chile, China, as well as Australia. About 85,000 people migrated to California: 40,000 came by ship, 15,000 via Mexico, and 30,000 by trek on the notorious California Trail over the Rocky Mountains. In May 1848 displays of gold in the small village of San Francisco reduced its population from approximately 1,000 people to less than 100 as the men rushed to the mining sites, abandoning their homes and workplaces.

Several factors contributed to the rapid spread of the gold fever, but the most important for triggering the migration was the extremely exaggerated press reports, creating the illusion that every gold digger would become a millionaire, unless he was too lazy to bend down and pick up the gold. According to these newspaper reports gold was literally lying on the ground and stories like the one of a woman who swept gold dust worth 500 dollars from a saloon’s floor within a day spurred people’s imagination and provided them with false expectations. Soon, California gold became the subject of books, pamphlets, maps, guides, sermons, and entrepreneurial promotions that often spread of wrong information about the necessary preparations, mining techniques and tools.Source: Andrea Franzius, November 1997in collaboration with The Digital Scriptorium, Special Collections Library, Duke University http://web-directory-where-this-project-lives/

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Document E

Process It: California Gold -- Migrating to California

Evidence of internal migration in this document is…

Evidence of external migration in this document is…

Media played a role in the migration to California because…

How did this migration impact the place once the immigrants arrived?

Documents F1 – F3Read It: Natural Disaster and Migration: Hurricane Katrina

San Antonio Katrina Response: Evacuation Center Tenet Numbers

Approximately 2,866 evacuees are housed in the four relief centers in San Antonio. KellyUSA Building #171: 1,692 Building #1536: 596 Levi Straus: 370 Windsor Ward: 541

Additionally, there are also 243 evacuees housed at six “special needs” shelters that are caring for evacuees with special health concerns. Approximately 300 evacuees living at the Levi Shelter who expressed a desire to stay in the San Antonio area were moved into apartments. Evacuees were able to take the cots and bed linens they were using in the shelter and were also provided with a “starter kit” of kitchen supplies and other necessities to help them get established in their new homes. They were also able to change their mailing address with the United States Postal Service before moving. The housing was made possible through a cooperative effort of the City of San Antonio and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) who

The U.S. experienced one of the largest mass migrations in recent history as hundreds of thousands of people left the Gulf Coast before and after Hurricane Katrina struck on August 29, 2005. This exodus was the first migration which distributed New Orleanians across the United States.

This was followed by two distinct migration flows into the city in the weeks and months after the city was reopened. Displaced New Orleanians returned to the city in proportion to the damage their homes and neighborhoods suffered. Consequently, the city became more affluent, whiter and older. In addition, an unknown number of people arrived in the city to clean up and rebuild. Many of these new arrivals were foreign-born, mostly Latino migrants, drawn by the promise of high wages and plentiful work.

Source: Conference on disaster and migration at Tulane University, 2006

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teamed up to offer intermediate housing for those displaced by Hurricane Katrina. A similar effort will continue later this week at the other shelters.

Document FProcess It: Disaster and Migration: Hurricane Katrina

What effect did Hurricane Katrina hsve on emigration from New Orleans?

What effect did Hurricane Katrina have on immigration to New Orleans? How did population patterns change?

How was the state of Texas and the city of San Antonio impacted by Hurricane Katrina?

What patterns do you notice on the map?

Documents G1, G2Read It: Britain Faces Brain Drain as Jobs Dry Up

By Stephen EisenhammerLONDON | Mon Nov 12, 2012 9:28am EST (Reuters news Service

With more than one in three recent university graduates unemployed, many have gone in search for better prospects and pay in the faster-growing economies of Asia and Australia. The vast majority of people leaving the UK did so to take up a new job or look for one. 89 percent of emigrants from 2008 to 2010 were of working age. Last year, 72 percent of emigrants from the UK, who provided a reason, moved for work-related reasons, the report said. The number of undergraduates from the UK and EU taking jobs overseas after graduating from British universities has increased by 25 percent since the start of the economic crisis in 2008.

Jamie Devonshire, 26, graduated from Manchester University in 2008 and moved to Hong Kong two years ago to work for a small investment fund. "Been here two years now and love it. Weather, lifestyle and job all going well," he said via email from Hong Kong. Devonshire said he was unlikely to return home soon. "Currently I don't see any incentive to move back to the UK, job market is weak and property ladder is still next to impossible to get on for first time buyers."

The recent rise of British professionals moving abroad has alarmed the Home Office. It said the exodus "may have implications for the availability of skills in the UK" in a separate research report published last week. On average, 5.6% of the British population lives abroad as expatriates. The level of expatriation more than doubles to 12.2% among the highly skilled of the working population. Put another way, more than one out of ten highly skilled British workers lives abroad.

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Document GProcess It: Britain Faces Brain Drain as Jobs Dry Up

What push factors are driving college graduates in Britain to move to other locations?

Which regions of the world are pulling these emigrants in their direction?

Is this an example of economic, social, or political migration?

What possible long-term impact might this trend have on Britain?

Documents H1, H2Read It: Forced Migration of African Slaves

Large scale sugar plantations, established first in Brazil and, after 1645, in the Caribbean islands, were enormously profitable. Plantations in Cuba gave more than a 30% return on capital investment; those in Barbados returned 40 to 50%. These islands became societies whose economies relied heavily on the labor of African captives. In 1789, one third of the population of Cuba was comprised of Africans. Between 1730 and 1834, up to 90 percent of the populations of Jamaica, Antigua, and Grenada were Africans. In Brazil in 1800, half the population was African….Long Term Effects. The trade in African slaves brought about the largest forced movement of people in history. It established the basis for black populations in the Caribbean and in North and South America. At the same time, it disrupted social and political life in Africa and opened the door for European colonization of the continent.

The shift in European demand from gold, foodstuffs, and such products to slaves changed the relations among African groups and states. The prices Africans received for slaves made it more profitable for them to take captives from their neighbors than to establish networks for producing and selling other goods. In this way the slave trade encouraged strong states to raid weaker states for slaves. As a result, many African societies formed new states that were dominated by military groups and constantly at war with their neighbors….

Source: Willie F. Page, Encyclopedia of African History and Culture, Vol. III, Facts of FileSource: John Middleton, ed., Africa: Encyclopedia for Students, Vol. 4 Thomson Learning

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Document H

Read It: Forced Migration of African Slaves

Define:

forced migration

voluntary migration

cash crop

commercial farming

What demographic change caused by the migration of African slaves into the West Indies might a geographer describe?

What evidence from this document can help explain “why do people migrate and what impact does migration have on regions of the world?”

Based on this excerpt, what were two effects of the slave trade on Africa?

Name_______________________________________ Date________________ Pd._______

Global MigrationEssay Outline Guide

Paragraph #: IntroHook:

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__________________________________________________________________________________________Background Information:

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__________________________________________________________________________________________Thesis statement including three causes (chicken foot):

People migrate because of economic, political and social reasons and the movement of people impacts the economic, political and social structures of the regions of the world .

Paragraph #2: Body 1First cause (most important): Economic, political and social push and pull factors.

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__________________________________________________________________________________________Evidence (supporting detail from documents with document citation):

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Paragraph #3: Body2Second cause: Economic, political and social push and pull factors.

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______________________________________________________________________________Evidence (supporting detail from documents with document citation):

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Paragraph #4: Body 3Second cause: Economic, political and social push and pull factors.

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______________________________________________________________________________Evidence (supporting detail from documents with document citation):

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Paragraph #5: ConclusionConclusion (restatement of thesis-DO NOT REPEAT WORD FOR WORD):

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Effects of migration

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Final “wow”__________________________________________________________________________________________

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