Mx. Jihan Civil War Outcomes Analysis name:Honors US History period:

Part I: Civil War Outcomes Document AnalysisDirections: Use the attached documents to complete the primary source analysis tool below.

Document G: Amendment 13ReadWhat are 3 pertinent details in this passage?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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ReflectHow would this Amendment make you feel as a slave? How would this Amendment make you feel as a white Southerner?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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ConcludeWhat is one conclusion you can draw about the power of the states vs Federal government?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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Document H: South Carolina Black CodesReadWhat are 3 pertinent details in this passage?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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ReflectHow would this set of laws make you feel as a business owner in South Carolina? How would this set of laws make you feel as a white or Black person looking for work?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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ConcludeWhat is one conclusion you can draw about slavery vs freedom from this passage?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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Document I: Destruction of the SouthLookWhat do you see in these images? What information is being shared?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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ReflectHow do you think the South felt about this devastation? What do these images show about the impact of the Civil War on the South?__________________________________________________________________________________________

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ConcludeWhat is one conclusion you can draw about getting ahead in the US by working hard?

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Part II: Power in DocumentsDirections: Once you’ve finished your document analysis, write 1 paragraph (7-10 sentences) explaining how the 3 documents represent the use of power following the Civil War. Include at least 2 types of power in your paragraph. As a reminder, the types of power are:

-political (governmental power, legislative power, military power, etc)-social (cultural power including religion, language, families, and education, etc)-economic (money power including jobs, markets, tariffs, taxes, etc)

Civil War Outcomes Document I: Amendment 13

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The 13th amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War before the Southern states had been restored to the Union and should have easily passed the Congress. Although the Senate passed it in April 1864, the House did not. At that point, Lincoln took an active role to ensure passage through congress. He insisted that passage of the 13th amendment be added to the Republican Party platform for the upcoming Presidential elections. His efforts met with success when the House passed the bill in January 1865 with a vote of 119–56.”

Source: “13th Amendment to the US Constitution.” https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=40

Civil War Outcomes Document H: South Carolina Black Codes (modified)

South Carolina’s Black Code applied only to “persons of color,” defined as including anyone with more than one-eighth Negro blood. Its major features included the following:

1. Civil RightsThe Southern Black Codes defined the rights of freedmen. South Carolina’s code declared that “persons of color” now had the right “to acquire, own and dispose of property; to make contracts; to enjoy the fruits of their labor; to sue and be sued; and to receive protection under the law in their persons and property.” Also, for the first time, the law recognized the marriages of black persons and the legitimacy of their children. But the law went on to state that, “Marriage between a white person and a person of color shall be illegal and void.”

2. Labor ContractsThe South Carolina code included a contract form for black “servants” who agreed to work for white “masters.” The form required that wages and terms of service be signed by a judge, and that the rights and obligations of servant and master be included in the contract. Black servants had to reside on the employer’s property, remain quiet and orderly, work from sunup to sunset except on Sundays, and not leave the premises or receive visitors without the master’s permission. Servants who were ill, or who quit before the end of their contract term, would have their wages deducted, or could be returned to the “master” by a judge.

3. VagrancyAll Southern Black Codes relied on vagrancy (homelessness) laws to pressure freedmen to sign labor contracts. South Carolina’s code included unemployed freedmen, peddlers, and gamblers in its definition of vagrants. The code provided that vagrants could be arrested and imprisoned at hard labor, though the county sheriff could also “hire out” Black vagrants to white employers to work off the punishment.

4. ApprenticeshipThe South Carolina code authorized courts to apprentice children of vagrant freedmen, even against their will, to an employer until age 21 for males and 18 for females. Masters had the right to inflict moderate punishment on their apprentices and to recapture runaways. The code also required masters to provide food and clothing to their apprentices, teach them a trade, and send them to school.

5. Courts, Crimes, and PunishmentsSouth Carolina’s Black Code established a racially separate court system for all civil and criminal cases that involved a black plaintiff or defendant. It allowed black witnesses to testify in court, but only in cases affecting “the person or property of a person of color.” Crimes that whites believed freedmen might commit, such as rebellion, arson, burglary, and assaulting a white woman, carried harsh penalties. Punishments for minor offenses committed by blacks could result in “hiring out” or whipping, penalties rarely imposed on white lawbreakers.

6. Other RestrictionsSouth Carolina’s code reflected the white obsession with controlling the former slaves. It banned black people from possessing most firearms, making or selling liquor, and coming into the state without first posting a bond for “good behavior.” The code made it illegal for them to sell any farm products without written permission from their white employer, supposedly to guard against stealing. Also, blacks could not practice any occupation, except farmer or servant under contract, without getting an annual license from a judge.

Source: Constitutional Rights Foundation. “The Southern ‘Black Codes’ of 1865-66”. http://www.crf-usa.org/brown-v-board-50th-anniversary/southern-black-codes.html

Civil War Outcomes Document I: Destruction of the South

Richmond railroad lines torn up, 1864

City of Atlanta, November, 1864