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Part A Grading Rubric:

4 pts. = Fully respond to entire question in clear sentence form; correct grammar, mechanics, punctuation, etc.

3 pts. = Responds to most of the question in sentence form; correct grammar, mechanics, punctuation, etc.

2 pts. = Responds to part of the question in sentence form; may not have correct grammar, mechanics, punctuation, etc.

1 pt. = Responds to minimal aspects of the question not in sentence form; may not have correct grammar, mechanics, punctuation, etc.

DBQ 2: RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD

Name: _______________________________________ Period: ___________

Historical Context

Religions and philosophies that developed in the ancient world (700 BCE – 700 CE) have had, and still have, a great impact on the lives of their followers. In many cases, religious followers learned about the beliefs of others through trade, conflict, war, and other interactions. For example, Buddhist merchants from India brought Buddhism to China in the 3rd century BCE thanks to the Silk Road, and following the conquest of Judea by the Roman Empire in the 1st century BCE, Jews dispersed to major cities throughout the Empire, bringing Judaism to others outside of Judea.

Directions: The following questions are based on the accompanying documents in Part A. As you analyze each document, take into account both the source of the document and the author’s point of view. Be sure to do each of the following steps:

1. Carefully read the document-based question. Consider what you already know about this topic. How would you answer the question if you had no documents to examine?

2. Read each document carefully, underlining key phrases and words that address the document-based question. You may also wish to use the margin to make brief notes. Answer the questions that follow each document before moving on to the next document.

3. Based on your own knowledge and on the information in the documents, formulate a thesis that directly answers the questions.

4. Organize supportive and relevant information into a brief outline.

5. Write a well-organized essay proving your thesis. You should present your essay logically. Include information both from the documents and from your own knowledge beyond the documents.

The following documents provide information about the developments and achievements of several ancient civilizations. Examine each document carefully. In the space provided, answer the question or questions that follow each document. This will help you to set up your responses to your chosen question.

Part A

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Short-Answer Questions

Document 1

The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20.1)

1. I am the Lord your God2. You shall have no other gods to rival me3. You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy5. Honor your father and your mother6. You shall not kill7. You shall not commit adultery8. You shall not steal9. You shall not give false evidence against your neighbor10. You shall not covet

1. According to this passage, to which religion(s) do these commandment apply and how do you know? How does a person follow the moral code of this religion(s)?

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Document 2

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“The Night”

In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful

By the night, when she lets fall her darkness, and by the radiant day!

By Him that created the male and the female, your endeavors have different ends!

For him that gives in charity and guards himself against evil and believes in goodness, We shall smooth the path of salvation: but for him that neither gives nor takes and disbelieves in goodness, We shall smooth the path of affliction. When he breathes his last, his riches will not avail him.

It is for Us to give guidance. Ours is the life of this world, Ours the life to come. I warn you, then, of the blazing fire, in which none shall burn save the hardened sinner, who denies the truth and gives no heed. But the good man who purifies himself by almsgiving shall keep away from it: and so shall he that does good works for the sake of the Most High, not in recompense for a favor. Such men shall be content.

2. Based on this excerpt from the Qur’an (Surah 92, The Night al Lail), what two attributes of Allah are identified in the opening line of “The Night” (first line below)? How do you know what is considered to be moral behavior and immoral behavior in Islam, based on this excerpt (second line below)?

(1)

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Document 3

Spread of Islam in Africa

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…Merchants were carriers of Islam rather than agents of Islamization. They opened routes and exposed isolated societies to external influences, but they were not themselves engaged in the propagation [spread] of Islam, which was the work of religious leaders. The leaders became integrated into African societies by playing religious, social, and political roles similar to those of traditional priests. Like traditional priests, Muslim men of religion were peacemakers, who pleaded for those who broke the king’s laws. Mosques, like traditional shrines, were considered sanctuaries. Immunity of life and property was extended to men of religion only as long as they kept out of politics and posed no threat to the existing sociopolitical order…

Source: John L. Esposito, ed., The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University Press

3. According to The Oxford History of Islam, what are two ways Islam spread to African societies?

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Document 4

Muslim Life in Spain

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… Wherever they went, the Moslems brought with them their love of art, beauty, and learning. From about the eighth to the eleventh century, their culture was superior in many ways to that of western Christendom.

Some of the finest centers of Moslem life were established in Spain. In Cordova, the streets were solidly paved, while at the same time in Paris people waded ankle-deep in mud after a rain. Cordovan public lamps lighted roads for as far as ten miles; yet seven hundred years later there was still not a single public lamp in London!

Some Spanish Moslems had homes with marble balconies and courts with lovely waterfalls. Bedrooms were vaulted with stained glass and speckled with gold. And metal pipes carried water into marble baths.

Nearly every mosque had a public school in which the children of the poor were taught. Many Moslem libraries were excellent; the catalogue of one caliph’s library filled forty volumes. In addition, the followers of Mohammed achieved much in science, particularly in chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine …

Source: Daniel Roselle, A World History: A Cultural Approach, Ginn and Company (adapted)

4. According to Daniel Roselle, what are two ways Islam improved the lives of people in Spain?

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Document 5a

Spread of Christianity in Roman Empire pre-Constantine (c. 2nd – 3rd century)

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House churches for small groups to congregate, read Scripture, and discuss Christian theology

Oral stories of Christian martyrs spread belief in non-violent resistance to Roman authority and the power of faith

Merchants and traders travel throughout Mediterranean and discuss monotheism in major cities in the Empire (Alexandria, Rome, Antioch, Marseilles)

Local contributions to maintain house churches and missionaries Established synagogues in major cities provided Christians with a base for

monotheists well-versed in Abrahamic traditions

Document 5b

Common Procedures used by Friars in Converting Areas in Spanish America (c. 16th century)

Idols, temples, and other material evidences of paganism destroyed Temporary churches built Permanent churches and monasteries built Christian buildings often constructed on sites of destroyed native temples in

order to symbolize and emphasize the substitution of one religion by the other

Indians supplied construction labor without receiving payment In a converted community, services and fiestas were regularly held in the

church building

5. According to these secondary sources, how did Christianity spread before (Document 5a) and after (Document 5b) becoming a state-sponsored religion? Compare and contrast one bullet points for each document in each question.

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Document 6

The Beatitudes – New Testament of Christian Scripture

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And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him:

And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying,Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.

Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.

Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called children of God.Blessed are they who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake: for theirs is the

kingdom of heaven.Blessed are you, when men revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner

of evil against you falsely, for my sake.Rejoice, and be exceedingly glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so too

were the prophets persecuted before you.- Matthew 5

6. What are two ways Christians are taught to act in the above statement, and why?

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Document 7

Hindu Caste System Origins

The Brahmins: Priestly class, born from the mouth of Brahma.

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The Kshatriyas: Warriors and rulers, senators, presidents, majors, born from the chest of Brahma.

The Vaisyas: Farmers, merchants, lawyers, doctors.

The Sudras: Unskilled workers, born from the feet of Brahma.

7. Why might the caste of Brahmins be associated with the mouth? The Kshatriyas with the arms? The Sudras with the feet?

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Document 8

Excerpt from the Bhagavad Gita – The Song of God

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The wise grieve neither for the living nor for the dead…. The Spirit is neither born nor does it die; it is not destroyed when the body is destroyed. After the death of the body, the Spirit is reborn in a new body until Self-Realization is attained…. Therefore, you should not lament over the inevitable but pray for Self-Realization that you may be at peace.

Simply do your duty to the best of your ability without becoming discouraged by the thought of the outcome, which may be success or failure, loss or victory. You have control over your actions, but no control or claim over the result. Fear of failure, from being emotionally attached to the fruit of work, is the greatest impediment to success because it disturbs the equanimity of the mind…

One is truly enlightened who:

Does all work as an offering to God, abandoning attachment to the result Enjoys sensual pleasure with mind and senses under control Neither rejoices on obtaining what is pleasant, nor grieves on obtaining the

unpleasant, and is tranquil and equanimous in pleasure and pain, in fulfillment and disappointment, in honor and disgrace

Acts beyond personal selfish motives Has neither attachment nor aversion for anything

Therefore … go forth to do your duty, knowing the Spirit is deathless and eternal.

8. What are two lessons the “Bhagavad Gita” teaches about Hindu life?

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Document 9

The Four Noble Truths

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1. The Nature of Suffering (Dukkha): “This is the noble truth of suffering: birth is suffering, aging is suffering, illness is suffering, death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and despair are suffering; union with what is displeasing is suffering; separation from what is pleasing is suffering; not to get what one wants is suffering; in brief, the five aggregates subject to clinging are suffering.”

2. Suffering’s Origin (Samudaya): “This is the noble truth of the origin of suffering: it is this craving which leads to renewed existence, accompanied by delight and lust, seeking delight here and there, that is, craving for sensual pleasures, craving for existence, craving for extermination.”

3. Suffering’s Cessation (Nirodha): “This is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering: it is the remainderless fading away and cessation of that same craving, the giving up and relinquishing of it, freedom from it, non-reliance on it.”

4. The Way Leading to the Cessation of Suffering: “This is the noble truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering: it is the Noble Eightfold Path; that is, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.”

9. According to the Four Noble Truths, what is the cause of suffering and how does one end it?

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Document 10

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… The Buddha is reported to have exhorted [urged] his monks to “go and travel around for the welfare of the multitudes, for the happiness of the multitudes, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans. No two should go in the same direction.” Although this last admonition [caution] seems not to have been heeded [obeyed], it is true that Buddhist “missions” were not large and well-organized movements, and instead often took the form of itinerant monks (or groups of monks) traveling by land and sea in the company of traders and royal emissaries. According to traditional accounts, the first foreign mission was to the island of Sri Lanka, and was led by the son of Asoka [a great Buddhist king of India]…

Source: Donald S. Lopez, Jr., “Buddhism in Practice,” Asian Religions in Practice, Princeton University Press, 1999

10. According to this excerpt from “Buddhism in Practice,” how did Buddhism spread from its place of origin in Ancient India to other parts of Asia?

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Part BEssay

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Directions: Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several supporting paragraphs (3-5), and a conclusion. Use evidence from at least four documents in your essay. Support your response with relevant facts, examples, and details. Include additional outside information where necessary.

Historical Context:

Throughout history, the spread of beliefs systems has been influenced by, and has influenced, social, economic, and political developments around the world. These belief systems include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism.

Task: Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of world history, write an essay in which you respond to the question below:

Select three belief systems mentioned in the historical sources above: Describe the differences in beliefs for the religions that you have chosen Discuss the differences for how the belief systems spread

Guidelines:

In your essay, be sure to Develop all aspects of the task Incorporate information from at least four documents Incorporate relevant outside information Support the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details Use logical and clear plans of organization, including an introduction

and a conclusion paragraph that are more than a simply restatement of the theme of your essay

Essay Grading Rubric – Part B

8 pts. 6 pts. 4 pts. 2 pts.

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DBQ 2: RELIGIONS OF THE WORLDIntroduction and Conclusion

Clearly stated thesis that connects all related ideas; well-organized introduction and conclusion; conclusion appropriately summarizes main points of the essay.

Clearly stated thesis that connects two related ideas; inconsistencies exist between the introduction and conclusion and the body of the paper.

Thesis is factual introduction and/or conclusion is incomplete; writer does not adequately introduce the subject or summarize the main points.

One of the following is missing:- Thesis- Introduction- Conclusion

Contents Demonstrates complete knowledge of the subject matter. Has identified, defined, and provided examples of key ideas throughout.

Demonstrates complete knowledge of the subject. Has identified and defined key ideas but has not provided relevant examples throughout.

Demonstrates complete knowledge of the subject. Has identified key ideas but has not defined the ideas or provided relevant examples.

Demonstrates knowledge of some of the key ideas, however has excluded significant key ideas, definitions, and/or examples.

Analysis Relationship between key ideas are clearly stated and the significance of those relationships is presented.

Relationships between key ideas are clearly stated, however the significance of those ideas is unclear.

Vague relationships between key ideas are presented.

Incorrect relationships between key ideas are presented.

Organization Information addressed all themes presented in the thesis, introduction, and conclusion; is logical, eloquent, and relevant.

Information presented is relevant to the theme presented in the thesis; sequence of ideas does not reflect thesis, introduction, and/or conclusion.

Information presented is relevant to the question or assignment, however it is not relevant to the thesis.

The organization of the essay does not reflect the themes necessary to address the thesis or question.

Grammar and Mechanics

Exemplary use of grammar, language, and spelling.

Minor errors in grammar, language, or spelling.

Grammar, language, and spelling errors detract from the reader’s ability to read the essay.

Poor use of grammar, language, and spelling. Meaning of the essay is compromised.

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