US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)1. During the tenure of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court issued a ruling in the case of Miranda v. Arizona (1966). This ruling expanded individual rights saying that

a. all accused people should be informed of their right against self-incrimination.b. schools cannot mandate prayer in public schools.c. any law banning flag burning is unconstitutional.d. admission to colleges and universities based solely on racial quotas is unconstitutional.

2. Use the photo below to help answer the question that follows:

A highlight of the Carter administration in solving the violence in the Middle East was a peace agreement between Egypt and Israel in 1978 that was known as the

a. the Tet Offensiveb. the Great Societyc. the Civil Rights Act d. the Camp David Accords

3. General Sherman’s “March to the Sea” began after the Union’s successful capture of what city?a. Atlantab. Vicksburgc. Richmondd. Gettysburg

4. President George W. Bush declared the “war on terror” in response toa. Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait.b. the attacks of September 11, 2001.c. the collapse of the Soviet Union.d. news that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.

5. The book Silent Spring was published in 1962 and had a dramatic impact on political activism in the United States. Which of these might have been a cause inspired by the author, Rachel Carson?

a. advocating nuclear testingb. demanding integration of public schoolsc. suing companies for discrimination against female employeesd. forming an environmental club to help clean up polluted lands

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)6. Read the excerpt from Martin Luther King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” (1963) and answer the question that follows:

"You may well ask: ’Why direct action? Why sit-ins, marches and so forth? Isn’t negotiation a better path?’ You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. [Our approach] seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue . . . We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor, it must be demanded by the oppressed." In the “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, Dr. King sets forth his argument supporting

a. militant resistance.b. win-win negotiations.c. affirmative action.d. non-violent protests.

7. The “Middle Passage” referred toa. the creation of the Panama Canal in Central America.b. the transportation of slaves from Africa to the New World.c. the best route over the Appalachian Mountains to reach the Mississippi River.d. the crucial part of the Bible that heavily influenced the Great Awakening.

8. Use the political cartoon to help answer the question that follows:

The launch of the Russian satellite Sputnik signaled to many that the USSR was winning the “space race”. How did President Eisenhower respond to this situation?

a. He supported the creation of an effective space-based missile defense system.b. He proposed the opening of more nuclear power plants.c. He pushed for legislation that supported educational improvements in math and science.d. He supported legislation creating an Interstate Highway System.

9. Consumer rationing was used during World War II as a way toa. increase exploration for natural resourcesb. limit supplies of weapons to American alliesc. draft men into the armed forcesd. ensure that the military had essential materials

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)

10. Levittown was an important aspect of what post-World War II issue?a. the Civil Rights Movementb. the growth of suburbsc. the modern feminist movementd. US involvement in the Korean War

11. Which of the following policies would have MOST LIKELY been favored by conservatives Barry Goldwater and Richard Nixon?

a. more government social programs to deal with economic disparityb. wealth redistribution to the lower classesc. fewer welfare programs and less government regulationd. higher taxes on the wealthy

12. Use the photo below to help answer the question that follows:

The incident at Kent State University that resulted in the deaths of four students was an example ofa. protests against the Vietnam War.b. the suspension of habeus corpus.c. the federal government’s crackdown on domestic communist organizations.d. the violence that sometimes surrounded the Civil Rights Movement.

13. Which technological innovation had the GREATEST impact on the Native American population?a. interchangeable parts for musketsb. the Transcontinental Railroadc. the electric light bulbd. the Panama Canal

14. The goal of President Lyndon Johnson’s “Great Society” was toa. increase military spending.b. expand the national highway system.c. eliminate poverty and racial prejudice.d. reduce taxes and the size of government.

15. The 1894 Pullman Strike can BEST be described as which of the following?a. a successful example of collective bargainingb. an infamous example of industrial unrestc. a piece of legislation that negatively impacted the rights of Asian immigrants

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)d. the failure of the federal government to defeat a Native American insurrection

16. Ultimately the Truman Doctrine was used toa. justify massive spending on the US space program.b. fight the spread of communism.c. prosecute Nazi war criminals.d. create the United Nations.

17. What were the main topics of discussion in New England town meetings of the 1600’s?a. local administrative issuesb. slaveryc. indentured servituded. tobacco cultivation

18. Use the political cartoon below to answer the question that follows:

The central issue of the political cartoon above concerned which of the following events?a. the Cuban Missile Crisisb. the 1968 Democratic National Conventionc. the Tet Offensived. the Marshall Plan

19. The Declaration of Sentiments, adopted during the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, is most closely associated with the rights of

a. immigrantsb. womenc. enslaved personsd. Native Americans

20. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed by Congress to officially ban the use of literacy tests in the South. These tactics used to disenfranchise African Americans violated the rights granted to them in which amendment to the Constitution?

a. 13th amendmentb. 15th amendmentc. 18th amendment

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)d. 21st amendment

21. What action was taken by President Harry Truman in 1948 to further the cause of civil rights?a. He ended segregation in the armed forces.b. He persuaded Congress to pass the first affirmative action legislation.c. He introduced the G.I. Bill to help veterans returning from war.d. He supported the goals of Senator Joseph McCarthy.

22. Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt oppose the Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the 1930s?a. He believed the government did not have enough money to help Europe.b. He thought that with US assistance the Allies could defeat Germany.c. He wanted to isolate the United States from world affairs.d. He wanted to punish England for the practice of impressment.

23. Use the following quote to answer the question that follows:

We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. −United States Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren, May 17, 1954

From which Supreme Court decision is the above paragraph taken?a. Plessy v. Fergusonb. Brown v. Board of Educationc. Roe v. Waded. Marbury v. Madison

24. Why was the tenure of Bill Clinton as President unique in American history?a. Clinton oversaw the weakest US economy since the Great Depression.b. Clinton urged Congress to declare a “war on terror” after the 9/11 attacks.c. Clinton became only the 2nd US President to ever be impeached by Congress.d. Clinton resigned from office after his affair with Monica Lewinsky was exposed.

25. How did the invention of the air conditioning unit affect population patterns in the US in the 1950s?a. It increased communication between rural and urban areas.b. It led to the creation of the Interstate Highway System.c. It broadcast horrific news stories of racial discrimination in the Jim Crow South.d. It led to increased migration to Southern and Western states.

26. What was an important equal rights issue for the National Organization of Women in the 1970s?a. pay equalityb. voting rightsc. working an 8-hour dayd. the right to unionize

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)

27. Why did Congress pass the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882?a. The United States was at war with China.b. China was supporting Japanese expansion in the Pacific.c. Many Americans resented Chinese immigrants who worked for lower wages than Americans.d. It was passed in response to the Boxer Rebellion which caused the deaths of many Americans.

28. How did the colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763?a. They resisted the British regulation of colonial agriculture.b. They supported the right to manufacture goods within the colonies.c. They opposed the ban on colonial expansion into western lands.d. They accepted the presence of more British troops to protect the colonies.

29. Use the graph below to help answer the question that follows:

Which event is PRIMARILY responsible for the dramatic decrease of public trust in the federal government between 1972 and 1980?

a. the Iran-Contra scandalb. the impeachment of Bill Clintonc. the Watergate Scandald. the creation of the EPA

30. What was the main purpose for passage of the Northwest Ordinances of 1787?a. to hand over control of the Northwest to the Frenchb. to create a plantation system in the regionc. to set guidelines for how territories would eventually become states

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)d. to create a diverse, private school system

31. Which organization initially formed in the 1960s to protest racial segregation in the South using tactics such as sit-ins and freedoms rides?

a. Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC)b. Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)c. National Organization of Women (NOW)d. the United Farm Workers

32. An elderly or out-of-work citizen in need of income would benefit MOST from what part of Franklin Roosevelt’s 2nd New Deal?

a. the Social Security Actb. the Wagner Actc. the Tennessee Valley Authorityd. the Pure Food and Drug Act

33. Use the following quote to help answer the question that follows:

"No memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible passage of the civil rights bill for which he fought so long.“ – President Lyndon Johnson

What effect did the assassination of President John Kennedy have on Civil Rights Legislation?a. Many Americans lost faith in the Civil Rights movement after JFK’s assassination.b. The assassination gave the new President, Lyndon Johnson, the ability to force new Civil

Rights legislation quickly through Congress.c. After Kennedy died, Civil Rights legislation came to a stand-still as no other politician had the

ability to pursue equal rights for minorities.d. The assassination had no effect at all on Civil Rights in the United States.

34. Jackie Robinson made history asa. the acknowledged leader of the Civil Right movement.b. the first African American to play major league baseball in the modern era.c. the attorney who won Brown v. Board of Education.d. the first African American Supreme Court justice.

35. The riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago were caused in part by public disapproval of President Johnson’s handling of

a. the Cuban Missile Crisis.b. the 1964 campaign against Barry Goldwater.c. the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.d. the Vietnam War.

36. The Cuban Revolution concerned US presidents becausea. Castro had nuclear weapons and vowed to use them against Florida.b. Cuba was even more afraid of communism that the US and wanted war against the USSR.c. The new Cuban government attempted to invade Mexico at the Bay of Pigs.d. It established a communist government just 90 miles from the United States.

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)

37. What was the goal of the Marshall Plan of 1947?a. to relax tensions with the Soviet Union and Chinab. to aid the economic recovery of European nationsc. to rebuild the US military after the defeat of Nazi Germanyd. to expand the US highway system at the start of the Cold War

38. Why is the Tet Offensive (1968) considered the turning point of the Vietnam War?a. It was a major victory for the Vietcong forces.b. After the Tet Offensive, China decided to invade and occupy North Vietnam.c. The American public began losing support for the war and demanded US troop withdrawal.d. It led to the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

39. Use the photograph below to help answer the question that follows:

Which organization did Cesar Chavez (above) found to expand the rights of Hispanic migrant laborers?a. the Environmental Protection Agencyb. the National Organization of Womenc. the American Federation of Labord. the United Farm Workers

40. The presence of which pair of geographic conditions discouraged the development of a plantation economy in the New England colonies?

a. wide coastal plain and absence of good harborsb. rocky soil and short growing seasonc. numerous rivers and humid climated. flatlands and lack of forests

41. Irving Berlin’s composition of “God Bless America” and “Blue Skies” is MOST closely associated witha. Langston Hughesb. the Red Scarec. Tin Pan Alleyd. the Model-T

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)

42. Use the political cartoon below to help answer the question that follows:

Why did many liberals oppose the idea of “trickle-down” economics in the 1980s, part of President Reagan’s fiscal policies collectively known as “Reaganomics”?

a. They feared that middle-class tax breaks would harm the economy.b. They believed that government funding should be spent mostly on national defense.c. They worried tax breaks for the wealthiest Americans would come at the expense of the poor.d. They agreed that the government should have little regulation over the economy.

43. Who was the commander of the Confederate Army?a. Thomas “Stonewall” Jacksonb. William T. Shermanc. Robert E. Leed. Ulysses S. Grant

44. What role did the state of Florida play in the 2000 Presidential election?a. The victory in the state of Florida by Al Gore was enough to push him over the 270 electoral

votes needed to become President.b. George W. Bush was given Florida’s 25 electoral votes after the US Supreme Court stopped

the vote recount there.c. Florida did not meet federal voting requirements and did not participate in the 2000 election.d. Florida was the only state won by a third-party candidate.

45. What was “The Jungle”?a. a nickname given to the Philippines by US soldiers who fought thereb. Jacob Riis’ book that described horrendous living conditions of urban immigrants.c. the title of a secret telegram sent from Germany to Mexicod. a novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry

46. A woman wishing to have an abortion would have been most affected by which of the following Supreme Court decisions?

a. Bakke v. University of Californiab. Brown v. Board of Educationc. Miranda v. Arizona

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)d. Roe v. Wade

47. Use the photo below to help answer the question that follows:

Which two men participated in the first televised Presidential debate in history in the fall of 1960?a. Lyndon Johnson and Barry Goldwaterb. Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedyc. Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carterd. Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey

48. Complete the chart below:

Which of the following events BEST completes the equation seen above?a. President Eisenhower pushes for more emphasis on math and science in public schools.b. The US attempts to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigsc. President Truman pledges support for the countries of Greece and Turkey.d. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins his attempt to root out communists in the state department.

49. Increased automobile use in the 1950s motivated President Dwight Eisenhower to createa. a standardized driving test.b. a fuel emissions standard.c. automobile safety regulations.d. the Interstate Highway System.

50. During the Korean War, the United Nations forces led by the United States succeeded in achieving their primary goal of

a. ending Communist rule in North Korea.b. preventing South Korea from annexing North Korea.

Mao Zedong

Takes Over China

Outbreak of the

Korean War ?

US History: 20th Century Exam (w/ Extra Questions)c. preserving an anti-communist government in South Korea.d. freeing Korea from Japanese control.