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HPD4C – Working with School-Age Children and Adolescents

Unit 1:Growth and Development

Lesson 2: Nutritional Needs Children require specific nutritional needs at the different stages of development. This lesson will discuss nutritional needs and application from infancy to school-aged children.

School Aged Children

Learning and skill development is enhanced when a child is receiving proper nutrition. Inadequate nutritional intake can cause physical symptoms such as fatigue and headaches. Children may have difficulty concentrating. Providing nutritious lunches is important, but sometimes preparation is challenging for parents and caregivers. A child will eat many lunches throughout his school age years and to provide nutritious, tasty, appealing meals takes careful thought and planning. If a child becomes bored with the lunches provided, he may skip this meal altogether or search out less nutritious alternatives. Offering a variety of foods at lunch prevents boredom. Children may be more interested in their lunch if they have participated in its planning and or preparation.

The following are some lunch suggestions:

Pitas and wraps Muffins Pizza Pastas Yogurt Fruit cubes Raw vegetables Cheese cubes

The child should also be provided with adequate fluids, such as water, milk and juice.

Recently many school administrators have recognized the importance of children receiving proper nutrition and have implemented measures to promote healthy eating habits. Vending machines offering children high sugar and high fat foods such as soft drinks, candies and snacks have been removed and replaced with healthier alternatives. Children may be able to have a bottle of water at their desk.

Some schools offer breakfast programs to their students if they have not had a nutritious breakfast at home. To ensure your child’s health and safety, keeping the food in an insulated lunch bag will inhibit microorganism growth.

As children become teenagers, they may develop unhealthy eating patterns. Fast foods high in fat are popular with this age group. They may skip meals and try fad diets that can be very unhealthy and cause medical complications. Developing positive eating habits throughout the childhood years can assist a teen to make better nutritional choices.

Algonquin Achievement Centre September 2015

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Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating

Grain Products

Vegetables and Fruit

Milk Products

Meat and Alternatives


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Choose whole grain and enriched products more often.

Choose dark green and orange vegetables and orange fruit more often.

Choose lower-fat milk products more often.

Choose leaner meats, poultry and fish, as well as dried peas, beans and lentils more often.

(www.hc-sc.gc.ca)


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Nutrition for Children and TeensEasy Ways to Help Your Kids Eat Healthier

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/healthy-eating/nutrition-for-children-and-teens.htm#more

Healthy eating can stabilize children’s energy, sharpen their minds, and even out their moods. While peer pressure and TV commercials for junk food can make getting kids to eat well seem impossible, there are steps parents can take to instill healthy eating habits without turning mealtimes into a battle zone. By encouraging healthy eating habits now, you can make a huge impact on your children’s lifelong relationship with food and give them the best opportunity to grow into healthy, confident adults.

Developing healthy eating habits

Children develop a natural preference for the foods they enjoy the most, so the challenge is to make healthy choices appealing. Of course, no matter how good your intentions, it’s always going to be difficult to convince your eight-year-old that an apple is as sweet a treat as a cookie. However, you can ensure that your children’s diet is as nutritious and wholesome as possible, even while allowing for some of their favorite treats.

The childhood impulse to imitate is strong, so it’s important you act as a role model for your kids. It’s no good asking your child to eat fruit and vegetables while you gorge on potato chips and soda.

Top tips to promote healthy childhood eating

Have regular family meals. Knowing dinner is served at approximately the same time every night and that the entire family will be sitting down together is comforting and enhances appetite. Breakfast is another great time for a family meal, especially since kids who eat breakfast tend to do better in school.

Cook more meals at home. Eating home cooked meals is healthier for the whole family and sets a great example for kids about the importance of food. Restaurant meals tend to have more fat, sugar, and salt. Save dining out for special occasions.

Get kids involved. Children enjoy helping adults to shop for groceries, selecting what goes in their lunch box, and preparing dinner. It's also a chance for you to teach them about the nutritional values of different foods, and (for older children) how to read food labels.

Make a variety of healthy snacks available instead of empty calorie snacks. Keep plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grain snacks, and healthy beverages (water, milk, pure fruit juice) around and easily accessible so kids become used to reaching for healthy snacks instead of empty calorie snacks like soda, chips, or cookies.

Limit portion sizes. Don’t insist your child cleans the plate, and never use food as a reward or bribe.


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How can I get a picky child to enjoy a wider variety of foods?

Picky eaters are going through a normal developmental stage, exerting control over their environment and expressing concern about trusting the unfamiliar. Many picky eaters also prefer a “separate compartmented plate,” where one type of food doesn’t touch another. Just as it takes numerous repetitions for advertising to convince an adult consumer to buy, it takes most children 8-10 presentations of a new food before they will openly accept it.

Rather than simply insist your child eat a new food, try the following:

Offer a new food only when your child is hungry and rested. Present only one new food at a time. Make it fun: present the food as a game, a play-filled experience. Or cut the food into

unusual shapes. Serve new foods with favorite foods to increase acceptance. Eat the new food yourself; children love to imitate. Have your child help to prepare foods. Often they will be more willing to try something

when they helped to make it. Limit beverages. Picky eaters often fill up on liquids instead. Limit snacks to two per day.

Persuading children to eat more fruit and vegetables

Making mealtimes playful can mean healthier eating for your kids. Here are some fun, creative ways to add more fruit and vegetables to your child's diet:

Top a bowl of whole grain cereal with a smiley face: banana slices for eyes, raisins for nose, peach or apple slice for mouth.

Create a food collage. Use broccoli florets for trees, carrots and celery for flowers, cauliflower for clouds, and a yellow squash for a sun. Then eat your masterpiece!

Make frozen fruit kabobs for kids using pineapple chunks, bananas, grapes, and berries. Go food shopping with your child. Let them see all the different fruits and vegetables and

have them pick out new ones to try. Try fruit smoothies for a quick healthy breakfast or afternoon snack. Add vegetables and fruits to baked goods – blueberry pancakes, zucchini bread, carrot

muffins. Add extra veggies to soups, stews, and sauces, grated or shredded to make them blend in. Keep lots of fresh fruit and veggies washed and available as snacks. Apples, pears,

bananas, grapes, figs, carrot and celery sticks are all easy to eat on the run. Add yogurt, nut butter, or tahini for extra protein.

Limit sugar and salt

One of the biggest challenges for parents is to limit the amount of sugar and salt in their children’s diets.


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Limiting sugar

The American Heart Association recommends that sugar intake for children is limited to 3 teaspoons (12 grams) a day. Cutting back on candy and cookies is only part of the solution. Large amounts of added sugar can also be hidden in foods such as bread, canned soups and vegetables, frozen dinners, ketchup, and fast food.

Don’t ban sweets entirely. Having a no sweets rule is an invitation for cravings and overindulging when given the chance.

Give recipes a makeover. Many recipes taste just as good with less sugar. Avoid sugary drinks. One 12-oz soda has about 10 teaspoons of sugar in it, more than

three times the daily recommended limit for children! Try adding a splash of fruit juice to sparkling water instead.

Cut down on processed foods, such as white bread and cakes, which cause blood sugar to go up and down, and can leave kids tired and sapped of energy.

Create your own popsicles and frozen treats. Freeze 100% fruit juice in an ice-cube tray with plastic spoons as popsicle handles. Or try freezing grapes, berries, banana pieces, or peach slices, then topping with a little chocolate sauce or whipped cream for an amazing treat.

Avoid foods that impair mood

Certain foods and drinks can make kids and teens more vulnerable to mood disorders such as depression and anxiety.

A recent study found that people who drank four or more cups of soda or sweetened fruit drinks a day—including diet versions—had a much higher risk for depression.

Excessive amounts of caffeine from soda, energy drinks, or coffee drinks can trigger anxiety in kids and teens and may also aggravate feelings of depression when the caffeine wears off.

A diet high in processed foods, such as fried food, sweet desserts, refined flour and cereals, and processed meats, can increase a child or teen’s risk for anxiety and depression.


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Limiting salt

One teaspoon of salt contains about 2,300 mg of sodium. Some guidelines for the maximum salt intake for children:

If a child is… They should eat less than…

1 to 3 years old 1,500 milligrams a day



14 to 18 2,300 milligrams a day

Avoid processed, packaged, restaurant, and fast food. Processed foods like canned soups or frozen dinners contain hidden sodium that quickly surpasses the recommended limit. Many fast food meals are also loaded with sodium.

Opt for fresh or frozen vegetables instead of canned vegetables. Cut back on salty snacks such as potato chips, nuts, and pretzels. Choose low-salt or reduced-sodium products.

Healthy eating for toddlers and young children

Toddlers can be introduced to new tastes and textures as they transition from baby food to “real” food. Keep in mind that toddlers have very small stomachs. It may be better to feed them 5-6 small meals a day, rather than three large ones.

Depending on age, size, and activity level, your toddler needs between 1,000-1,400 calories a day. It is perfectly normal for your child to be ravenous one day and shun food the next. Don’t worry if your child’s diet isn’t up to par every day—as long as he or she seems satisfied and is getting a well-rounded diet.

Nutritional needs of toddlers and young children

An important part of a toddler’s diet is calcium (they need about 500 mg/day), and the best source of this nutrient is milk. Until the age of two they should drink whole milk, but older toddlers can usually switch to 2% or skim milk if approved by your pediatrician. If your kids are lactose intolerant or don’t like dairy, incorporate calcium-rich foods like fortified soy products, cereals, and orange juice.

Toddlers need 7mg a day to prevent iron deficiency, which can affect growth, learning, and behavior. In infancy, breast-milk has a readily-absorbed type of iron, and baby formula and food is usually iron-fortified, so babies don’t need to worry about getting enough iron. After switching


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to “real” food, it's important to ensure that your child is eating good sources of iron like fortified cereals, small amounts of red meat (like soft meatballs), or eggs.


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Dietary guidelines for toddlers and young children

Fruits and vegetables

Two servings each per day. These may be given as snacks, such as apple or carrot slices. Also try adding veggies to soups.

Whole grains Four daily servings. Can include buckwheat pancakes or multigrain toast for breakfast, a sandwich on wheat bread for lunch and brown rice or another whole grain as part of the evening meal.

Milk and dairy Three servings, or one pint of whole milk per day. Cheeses, yogurt, and milk puddings are useful alternatives.

Protein Two servings a day. Encourage your child to try a variety of proteins, such as turkey, eggs, fish, chicken, lamb, baked beans, and lentils.

Vitamins and minerals

Check with your child's doctor to be certain their diet is adequately meeting the recommended nutritional needs for this age group

Healthy diets for school-age children

Eating becomes a social activity in this stage of life. Your kids probably spend more time in school than they do at home; eat meals at friends’ houses; and adopt eating habits from their peers. It can be difficult to ensure they are getting adequate nutrition when you are not around to monitor their choices, so try to maintain regular family mealtimes.

For kids aged 5-12, the key word is variety. Creative serving ideas will go a long way towards maintaining the healthy eating habits established in the first years of life.

Not only do family meals provide an opportunity to catch up on your kids’ daily lives, they also enable you to “teach by example.” Let your kids see you eating a wide variety of healthy foods while keeping your portions in check. Refrain from obsessive calorie counting, though, or commenting on your own weight, so that kids don’t adopt negative associations with food.

Nutrition guidelines for school-age kids

As children develop, they require the same healthy foods adults eat, along with more vitamins and minerals to support growing bodies. This means whole grains (whole wheat, oats, barley, rice, millet, quinoa); a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables; calcium for growing bones


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(milk, yogurt, or substitutes if lactose intolerant); and healthy proteins (fish, eggs, poultry, lean meat, nuts, and seeds).


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Healthy fats are also important:

Monounsaturated fats, from plant oils like canola oil, peanut oil, and olive oil, as well as avocados, nuts (like almonds, hazelnuts, and pecans), and seeds (such as pumpkin, sesame).

Polyunsaturated fats, including Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, such as salmon, herring, mackerel, anchovies, and sardines, or in unheated sunflower, corn, soybean, and flaxseed oils, and walnuts.

Kids, like the rest of us, should limit:

Trans fats, found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, candies, cookies, snack foods, fried foods, baked goods, and other processed foods made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.

Dietary guidelines for school age children

Vegetables 3-5 servings per day. A serving might be one cup of raw leafy vegetables, 3/4 cup of vegetable juice, or 1/2 cup of other vegetables, raw or cooked.

Fruits 2-4 servings per day. A serving may consist of 1/2 cup of sliced fruit, 3/4 cup of fruit juice, or a medium-size whole fruit, such as an apple, banana or pear.

Whole Grains 6-11 servings per day. Each serving should equal one slice of bread, 1/2 cup of rice or 1 ounce of cereal.

Protein 2-3 servings of 2-3 ounces of cooked lean meat, poultry, or fish per day. A serving in this group may also consist of 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans, one egg, or 2 tablespoons of peanut butter for each ounce of lean meat.

Dairy products 2-3 servings (cups) per day of low-fat milk or yogurt, or natural cheese (1.5 ounces=one serving).

Zinc Studies indicate that zinc may improve memory and school performance, especially in boys. Good sources of zinc are oysters, beef, pork, liver, dried beans and peas, whole grains, fortified cereals, nuts, milk, cocoa, and poultry.


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The special nutritional needs of teenagers

This is growth spurt time: kids gain about 20% of adult height and 50% of adult weight during adolescence. Because growth and change is so rapid during this period, the requirements for all nutrients increase. This is especially true of calcium and iron.

Eating disorders in teensAdolescents and teens are at a high risk of developing anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating disorder.Eating habits, however, are pretty well set by now, and if your child's choices are less than ideal, it can be a challenging time for a course correction. The best way to make teen dietary changes is to present information about short-term consequences of a poor diet: appearance, athletic ability, energy, and enjoyment of life. These are more important to most teens than long-term health. For example, “Calcium will help you grow taller.” “Iron will help you do better on tests and stay up later.”

Special nutritional needs for teensCalories Due to all the growth and activity, adolescent boys need 2,500-2,800

per day, while girls need around 2,200 per day. It’s best to get these calories from lean protein, low-fat dairy, whole grains, and fruits and veggies.

Protein In order for the body to grow and maintain muscle, teens need 45-60 grams per day. Most teenagers easily meet this need from eating meat, fish, and dairy, but vegetarians may need to increase their protein intake from non-animal sources like soy foods, beans, and nuts.

Calcium Many teens do not get sufficient amounts of calcium, leading to weak bones and osteoporosis later in life. Encourage teens to cut back on soda and other overly-sugary foods, which suck calcium from bones. The 1,200 mg of calcium needed per day should come from dairy, calcium-fortified juice and cereal, and other calcium-rich foods such as sesame seeds and leafy greens like spinach.

Iron Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, and weakness. Boys need 12 mg each day, and teen girls, who often lose iron during menstruation, need 15 mg. Iron-rich foods include red meat, chicken, beans, nuts, enriched whole grains, and leafy greens like spinach and kale.


http://www.helpguide.org/articles/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder.htm

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder.htm

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa.htm

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/eating-disorders/anorexia-nervosa.htm

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A “weighty” problem: children, weight and self esteem

Children who are substantially overweight or obese are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease, bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, and poor self-esteem, as well as long-term health problems in adulthood. While childhood obesity doesn’t always lead to obesity in adulthood, it does raise the risks dramatically. The majority of children who are overweight during preschool or elementary school are still overweight as they enter their teens. Most kids do not outgrow the problem.

Addressing weight problems in children requires a coordinated plan of physical activity and healthy nutrition. Unless directed by your child’s doctor, though, the treatment for childhood obesity is not weight loss. The goal should be to slow or halt weight gain, thereby allowing your child to grow into his or her ideal weight.

Think of exercise as a food group in your kid’s diet

Add physical activity to your child’s day, just as you would add fruit or veggies. To encourage physical activity, play with your kids - throw around a football; go cycling, skating, or swimming; take family walks and hikes; and help your kids find activities they enjoy by showing them different possibilities. The benefits of lifelong exercise are abundant and regular exercise can even help motivate your kids to make healthy food choices.

Kids and junk food

No matter how well parents promote healthy eating, it can be difficult for any kid to avoid the temptation of junk food.

Instead of eliminating junk food entirely, which tends to increase cravings even more, try substituting some healthier alternatives.

Kid-friendly junk food alternativesInstead of… Try…

French fries Ice cream Fried chicken Doughnuts or pastries Chocolate-chip

cookies

Potato chips

“Baked fries” grilled in the oven and salted lightly Low-fat frozen yogurt; sorbet; fresh fruit smoothies Baked or grilled chicken Bagels; English muffins; home baked goods with less

sugar/fat Graham crackers, fig bars, vanilla wafers, fruit and

caramel dip

Pretzels, unbuttered popcorn, baked potato chips, soy crisps


http://www.helpguide.org/articles/exercise-fitness/easy-ways-to-start-exercising.htm

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/exercise-fitness/easy-ways-to-start-exercising.htm

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/diet-weight-loss/weight-problems-and-obesity-in-children.htm

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Eating out with kids: fast food and restaurant nutrition for children

It might be challenging to persuade your youngster to order a salad instead of a cheeseburger, but you can steer them towards healthier options. Some important tips to remember about fast food and restaurant dining for kids:

Avoid sodas – Kids should drink water or milk instead. Avoid chicken nuggets – Unhealthy imposters of real chicken. Skip the fries – Consider taking along a bag of mini carrots, grapes, or other fruits and

vegetables to have instead. This will add vitamins and fiber to the meal. Order the kid's meal with some substitutions – Children often love the kid's meal more

for the fun box and toys than for the food. Ask to substitute healthier choices for the soda and the fries if possible.

Opt for chicken and vegetables or spaghetti with tomato sauce in a sit-down restaurant, rather than a big plate of macaroni and cheese.

Assignment #1: Nutritional Needs for Children

1. Develop a creative three-day sample meal plan for a school-aged child between the ages of 6 and 8 needed a daily intake of 1400 calories. Follow the Canada Food Guide for Healthy Eating. You may get a copy of the Food Guide from your Teacher or download the PDF at the following website: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/hpfb-dgpsa/pdf/food-guide-aliment/print_eatwell_bienmang-eng.pdf

The following website may be helpful when developing your meal plan.

http://www.choosemyplate.gov/myplate/index.aspx

2. What roles do nutrition and physical activity play in a child’s development?

3. Choose a food that you think would be new to many young children. Search online or in a cookbook for a simple, healthy recipe that uses the ingredient you choose.

The Impact of Good Nutrition

Nutrition and Learning

Food is the fuel needed for thinking, working and concentrating. Without food, the body slows down to conserve energy and you feel tired. It is difficult to learn when you are hungry. Without adequate protein, brain cells do not develop normally especially in young children. Children with inadequate nutrition will experience more illnesses that can interrupt their schooling.

There is strong research evidence about the importance of eating breakfast for maximum learning and even performance in the workplace. The majority of Canadians eat breakfast most


http://www.choosemyplate.gov/myplate/index.aspx

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/hpfb-dgpsa/pdf/food-guide-aliment/print_eatwell_bienmang-eng.pdf

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/hpfb-dgpsa/pdf/food-guide-aliment/print_eatwell_bienmang-eng.pdf

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mornings. It is a myth that “nobody eats breakfast”. However, there still are many children, teenagers and adults who go to school or work without breakfast. Some families cannot afford to provide three meals a day to their children. Many schools and communities have breakfast programs, where students eat breakfast before going to class. There are many children who skip breakfast when there is plenty of food in their home.

Assignment #2

1. What are some reasons for skipping breakfast other than poverty?

Some families are very rushed in the morning. Parents need to model organized time management to provide time for eating breakfast. There are many nutritious breakfast food choices that are easily and quickly prepared. Taking a few minutes with your family to begin your day is an excellent way to connect with your children.

Some children and adults do not feel hungry in the morning but this is a matter of training your body because after a night without food, your body does need fuel to go through the day.Preventing Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is increasing in Canada. The data shows that the number of obese children between 10 and 12 has tripled since the early 1980’s. Overweight children face a variety of problems. They face a significant risk of diabetes which is a serious disease with lifelong health complications. They risk cardiovascular disease early in adulthood. Obesity is also linked with increased cancer risk. They may suffer back and joint pain.

Dr. Lance Levy, director of the Nutritional and Eating Disorders Clinic in Toronto, cites mood changes and sedentary activities such as playing computer games instead of active sports, as primary causes of overweight and obesity in children. Family routines have changed and food has become a source of comfort for children, especially when parents are not available to talk to them. Some children spend a significant amount of time alone after school and they may choose high calorie foods with low nutrient value.

Parents have a responsibility to encourage an active lifestyle for their children. Parents are the grocery shoppers in the family so they basically control the food choices in their home. They should provide lots of healthy snacks as well as provide healthy meals.

Encouraging good food choices in adolescents is a greater challenge for parents as they become more independent and often have their own income. Parents still have a role in continuing to provide good role models, provide nutritious meals, and adapt mealtimes to changing school and work schedules.


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Assignment #3

1. Suggest some strategies to encourage family members to eat something for breakfast.

2. Do you agree with the reason given for teen girls eating less nutritiously than boys? Explain.

3. What action would you take if your child was overweight?

Promoting Good Food Choices

Healthy eating habits are among the most important behaviours parents can instill in children. The rewards extend well into the future.

Feeding Young Children

The amount of food a toddler will eat varies greatly from day to day, and meal to meal. Growth slows down during this period and toddlers are so busy playing and learning that their appetite


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may be low. Offer a variety of food but do not pressure children to eat more than they need. A guideline is that a serving of meat, vegetables or fruit is 15 cc or 1 tablespoon per year of age. When introducing new foods choose the best quality and serve in small amounts. Keeping to a routine is important to a toddler and this is true about mealtimes. Parents need to keep mealtimes pleasant and children of this age enjoy “fun” foods such as sandwiches in interesting shapes, small fruit kabobs. They also enjoy using plates and glasses with interesting patterns representing cartoons or movies and using fun straws and spoons. Parents that force children to eat everything from their plate may put pressure on children to overeat, resulting in being overweight. On the other hand, children must understand that they cannot have snacks within an hour of finishing mealtimes.

Feeding School-Age Children

By age nine, children may be more willing to try new foods. Appetite will increase as they begin the growth spurt associated with puberty. They will need extra calcium and protein during growth spurts so parents need to offer extra dairy products such as milk, yogurt and home prepared puddings. Parents must continue to encourage nutritious food choices. Healthy snack choices should always be available such as fruits, whole- wheat muffins, home prepared oatmeal cookies, whole grain crackers, and low-fat cheese. The routines of mealtimes should be maintained. Family meals are important opportunities for teaching manners, passing on family and cultural traditions, and building bonds between family members.

School age children can begin to take responsibility for aspects of meal preparation and this is an important life skill that parents need to give to their child. They begin to purchase their own meals as they become more independent. Parents must continue to teach children about making wise choices.

Adolescent Food Choices

Adolescents experience a rapid growth spurt and appetites are high. Teenagers often have a busy schedule and have no patience for waiting for food to be prepared. They are interested in fast foods and frozen prepared foods that go into the microwave. They enjoy eating food with friends.

Parents must continue to offer healthy choices and encourage healthy eating. Busy individual schedules may make standard mealtimes difficult but families should make an effort to have family mealtimes several times per week. On-the-go breakfast choices should be available such as fruit, breakfast bars, yogurt.

Sources of Nutritional Information

There are many sources of information about feeding children. Parents can access information from their public health unit, family doctor, the Internet, the Health Canada website, or the provincial ministry of health.


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Ways that children’s awareness of food and nutrition can be promoted include:

Involve the child in helping you prepare meals Find children’s books about food in the library Give a child’s cookbook as a gift Point out the nutritional value of foods found in recipes, on labels, and in grocery stores

Youth workers who are involved in coaching and leading community activities for children and adolescents may often encourage healthful eating more effectively than parents. They can set examples and involve young people in activities that encourage them to learn about food and nutrition. Coaches promote healthy eating to enhance their athletic performance.

There are many occupations that influence the nutritional well-being of children. In schools, cafeterias provide food that may or may not be healthy. There are often posters promoting good choices and promotions to increase milk intake but the most significant impact is in the actual menu planned.

Schools teach about Canada’s Food Guide and the importance of healthy living in several grades and in several subject areas. It remains a challenge to encourage children, teenagers, and even adults to practice healthy eating habits.

Assignment #4

1. Despite her parents’ pleas, Amy refuses all foods at dinner. An hour later, when she asks for a sandwich, they prepare one for her. What have her parents taught her?


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