Task: ElectrolysisCriteria B: Planning and Inquiringi. explain a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigationOn this experiment we are testing the reaction of three solution (H2O, CuSO4, NaOH) in which we will be looking for the reaction in both the cathode and anode this process is called electrolysis. We have a dependent variable of the amount of bubbles that arise in the solution we use this as a sign of the reaction example if there is a lot of bubble then that solution reacts quickly with the electrical current

ii. formulate and explain a testable hypothesisusing correct scientific reasoning My hypothesis is that the copper sulfate will produce have the biggest reaction because sulfate a very strong acid and also that the copper element of the solution will stick to the conductor this is very testable because both components will react very well to the electric current

iii. explain how to manipulate the variables, andexplain how sufficient, relevant data will becollected We have a couple control variable which are the voltage we use, how long we run the current, and the volume of the solution in the test tube. We didn’t really manipulate the variables because it is a very linear experiment in which the result are very direct and doesn’t vary from experiment to experiment.

iv. design a logical, complete and safe methodin which he or she selects appropriate materialsand equipmentThe materials for this experiment are:

➢ Power Supply➢ Test tube➢ Beaker glass➢ Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)➢ Water (H2O)➢ Copper Sulfate (CuSO4)➢ Electric wires➢ Electric conductor (Aluminium Foil)

Method:Firstly we find the cathode and anode of each solution

We do this so we can figure out what is reacting on each end of the tube because it will be different.

We then took one solution and pour it into a test tube

We then put some electricity conductor into the solution and then run a current through it

After a few minutes bubbles start showing on the cathode side in this picture it’s the Copper Sulfate and it’s the sulfate that is reacting on this side

And then we rinse a repeat on all three substance

Criteria C: Processing and Evaluatingi. correctly collect, organize, transform and present data in numerical and/or visual forms

Start of the water experiment it didn’t react at all

Start of the copper sulfate experiment

The cathode side which is reacting the sulfate

The anode side of the same solution in which we see that the copper fully integrated itself with the conductor

The cathode side of the sodium hydroxide solution reacting with the current. The element that is reacting here is the OH

Sadly for some odd reason the H2O didn’t react at all to the current but it is hypothesized that the oxygen side will make a bubbly reaction

ii. accurately interpret data and explain resultsusing correct scientific reasoningThe water didn’t react at all to the current this could be a number of reason the first is that there are impurities in the water that held it back or the voltage wasn’t enough

The Copper Sulfate reacts the way we thought it would because the sulfate reacts wildly with the current as it is a gas and it was on the cathode side and the copper did indeed attached itself to the conductor which was theorized but usually the copper can be cleaned of but in this case it can’t this means that the copper fully integrated itself with the conductor.

The sodium hydroxide also reacted as theorized as only the hydroxide showed a big reaction to the current because it is a gas thus made a ton of bubbles in the cathode side of the tube.

iii. evaluate the validity of a hypothesis based onthe outcome of a scientific investigationMy hypothesis was correct because the solution showed the perfect result as both the copper side and the sulfate sign reacted very strongly to the electric current.iv. explain improvements or extensions to the method that would benefit the scientificinvestigationI don’t think there were any improvements needed for this experiment as all of the steps are easy to replicate and the material should be easily provided from the school.

Task: Voltaic CellCriteria B: Planning and Inquiringi. explain a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation In this experiment we are trying to research on which solution (Independent variable) produces the most voltage (dependent variable). This can be done by a reaction called the voltaic cell reaction which in short is a reaction that generates electrical energy by getting the electrical energy from spontaneous redox reaction taking place in the reaction between the solution and the cathode or anode.

ii. formulate and explain a testable hypothesisusing correct scientific reasoningMy hypothesis is that the drink pocari sweat will produce the highest voltage as it contains tons of ion that can generate the electricity.

iii. explain how to manipulate the variables, andexplain how sufficient, relevant data will becollectedControl Variable:

1. Volume - We used the same exact volume of solution on each of the test2. Electric conductor - We used a copper conductor for the entire experiment3. Electrical circuit - We used pretty much the same circuit

Independent Variable:We used 11 different solution in total so we can have a wide range of result.

Dependent Variable:We search the amount of voltage that the solution by using a basicmeter that we hooked up to a cathode and anode that were submerged in the solution thus making it so we can get the number of voltage.

iv. design a logical, complete and safe methodin which he or she selects appropriate materialsand equipmentMaterials:

1. Basicmeter2. Different drinks/solution3. Electrical Wires4. Electric Cathode and Anode5. Beaker glass

Method:

Firstly we prepared all of the materials and then because there were a lot of solutions needed to be tested we decided to divide into two tables to make things quicker.

We then need to create the circuit which is very simple because we just needed to connect the positive charge to the negative charge.

After that we connected the positive charge to the anode and the negative to the cathode that we submerged in the solution.

We then tested the solution three different ways first was only using one glass, two glass, then finally three glasse

Finally we cleaned the beaker and the cathode and anode and then took another solution and tested that the same way

Criteria C: Processing and Evaluatingi. correctly collect, organize, transform and present data in numerical and/or visual forms

Solution 1 Glass 2 Glass 3 Glass

Uc 1000 0,3V 0,4V 0,5V

S-tea 0,1V≤X0,2V 0,1V≤X0,2V 0,1V≤X≤0,2VMilk 0,2V≤X≤0,3V 0,3V 0,4V

Proman 0,4V 0,6V 0,7V

Mango Juice 0,3V 0,45V 0,6V

Mizone 0,5V 0,7V 1V

Bintang 0% 0,3V 0,4V 0,5V

Red Bull 0,3V 0,4V 0,5V

Sugar Water 0,1V 0,1V 0,1V

Pocari Sweat 0,6V 1V 1,4V

Salt Water 0,5V 0,9V 1,2V

Coffee 0,3V 0,3V 0,3V

ii. accurately interpret data and explain resultsusing correct scientific reasoningFrom the data we receive we could clearly see that the pocari sweat produced the highest amount of voltage from all of the solution that we tested. We can also see that the amount of voltage that the solution produced is directly linked with the amount of ions each solutions has this is because the more ions that they have the more frequently they will react to a certain chemical reaction which in this case is a reaction between the cathode and/or anode with the solution

iii. evaluate the validity of a hypothesis based onthe outcome of a scientific investigationMy hypothesis of pocari sweat will yield the most voltage is correct based on the data we have gathered. This is because out of all the solution we tested pocari sweat contained the most ions which in turn makes it easy to react with the cathode and anode.

iv. evaluate the validity of the method based onthe outcome of a scientific investigationOur method is very valid because it is such a simple method but the result which it yields is very promising and also this is a method that is used to teach us student about voltaic cells

v. explain improvements or extensions to themethod that would benefit the scientificinvestigationI think the method is very solid and there is no change needed, but i think we only need to be more diligent in seeing the amount of voltage so we don’t get many YV≤X≤ZV in the data.