Test V2C Chapter 13 “Transport and water relations”Tuesday 18th of December

Good luck!

Question 1Look at the picture shown in figure 1a) What is this a picture of? State the part and the type of section shown.b) Label all the numbers on your answer sheet.c) Explain the functions of the parts you just labelled

Figure 1

Question 2In figure 2 you see a piece of celery that was put in water with (red) dye for a few hours. How are the cells called that coloured the darkest? Explain why this part coloured dark.

Figure 2

Question 3a) Name the four factors that influence the rate of evaporation according to the laws of physics.

You could say that the transpiration of a plant is a form of evaporation. However, in this case there’s a fifth factor that affects the rate of evaporation. b) Name this factor and explain how it affects transpiration rate.

Question 4Imagine you are a water molecule in the soil. At one point you are sucked up by a root hair of a plant. a) Explain which processes happen, before you reach the leaf. Start in the soil, and end up in the leaf.b) Describe two possibilities of where you end up, how you end up there (processes) and what you’re role is (leaving the plant, staying in the plant and if so where).

Question 5a) What is capillary action/flow, how does is work and what role does is play in the water uptake of a plant?b) What is cohesion and how does is affect the water uptake of a plant?

Question 6What happens inside a leaf during the process of transpiration?Put in the right order: A: Water vapour diffuses through the stomataB: The water lost from the spongy cells is replaced by more water from the xylemC: Water evaporates from the spongy cellsD: The air spaces become full of water vapour

Question 7Explain what would happen (and why!!) to a tree if you would remove a ring of bark including the phloem (as shown in figure 3)

Figure 3

Question 8Halophytes are plants that are adapted to saline (= zoute) habitats. Normal plants wouldn’t be able to live in the environment where halophytes live.a) Explain why normal plants would have a hard time surviving in a saline habitat.

In figure 4 you see a leaf of a halophyte that excretes salts through pores in its leaf. b) How does the salt get there?

Figure 4

Question 9In figure 5.1 and 5.2 you see two pictures of the leaf structure with the stomata pointed out. Which leaf are you most likely to find in a dry and warm habitat (like a desert)? Explain why. Hint: in the leaf of 5.1 the stomata is close to the surface and in leaf 5.2 the stomata is deep in the leaf and the opening is guarded with extra hairs.

Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2

Bonus!!!!!Sometimes plants are used to clean up environmental pollution, like after the accident at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl, where sunflower plants were used to clean out uranium. a) Explain how plants could clean up pollution.

b) What happens to the xylem sap flow during the night? Explain why.

c) Look again at figure 3. You can see that after time the upper bit of the stem is swollen. How does this happen?