· web viewthe program will work closely with the mowr and other stakeholders to prioritize the...

Address: 116 Acton LaneLondon NW10 8TXEmail: info @worldcaretrust.org

Drilling Water

PROGRAM SUMMARY

1. Program Overview: The overall objective of the program is to contribute to a resilient and sustainable water and sanitation sector as well as to provide water supply and sanitation infrastructure in high priority drought-stricken areas of Somaliland. The program will cost an estimated £500,000 benefitting an estimated 250,000 people (including internally displaced people in Hargeisa) and their livestock. The program adopts an integrated approach combining small-medium scale water storage facilities and use of ground water to increase water quantity and availability, and to support adapting to the impacts of climate change and to building resilience. Multiple water services such as minor irrigation and livestock watering will be incorporated into the project design. For systems using solar energy for pumping, power generated from the system will also be availed for domestic purposes (such as recharging solar lanterns and mobile phones). Water resource conservation, with community management (including optimization of green water1) will be a key aspect of the capacity building component. The program interventions will include capacity development of the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) and the beneficiary communities through the procurement of essential Operation and Maintenance (O&M), laboratory equipment and training for MoWR staff. The program will also support the water training center in Hargeisa, including the provision of training facilities and equipment. The Transition Support Facility (TSF) Pillar I and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Initiative Trust Fund (RWSS-TF) will cover 90% of the program costs.

2. Program Outcomes: The proposed interventions will enhance public health, strengthen resilience and raise the quality of life of the rural Somaliland population in general, benefitting an estimated 250,000 people. The dilapidated state of the water and sanitation infrastructure is a major contributing factor to the severe outbreaks of water borne diseases in the country. Improved access to water supply will also sustain other basic socio-economic activities, including livestock rearing, which contributes significantly to the economy of Somaliland. Primary health and education facilities will benefit from improved water and sanitation facilities, while the communities will benefit immensely from hygiene and sanitation training and promotion. Incorporation of micro-irrigation and soil conservation will stimulate small scale agriculture and use of solar energy for water pumping and domestic use will further improve the quality of life.

Address: 116 Acton Lane London NW10 8TX Email: info @worldcaretrust.org

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3. Needs Assessment: The program will support the recently revamped water sector reforms in Somaliland, to make up for many years of inadequate investments in the water sector, and to assist the water sector to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs’) No 6 on universal access to water and sanitation. The Bank’s fragility assessment for Somalia noted that, lack of basic infrastructure and limited access to basic services are some of the drivers of fragility, and the improvement of water and sanitation services through construction of new facilities will contribute to addressing gender inequality, social cohesion and improving social services such as education and health care by increasing productivity and reducing expenditure on water and health.

4. Bank Added Value: The program will strengthen the staff capacity of the MoWR in Somaliland as a way of enhancing capacity and mitigating implementation delays and challenges encountered in previous projects due to weak government capacity. The program design adopts a pro-poor water use program which will integrate domestic and livestock water.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Development Objectives and Program components

Development Objectives: The overall objective of the program is to contribute to a resilient and sustainable water and sanitation sector that meets the needs of all users in Somaliland as well as to provide water supply and sanitation infrastructures in targeted areas with a view to improving livelihoods and building resilience against climate variability and change.

Program Components

The proposed program will have the following three components:

Component 1: Support for Water and Sanitation Infrastructure for Resilience. The component is focused on the construction and rehabilitation of water and sanitation infrastructure in order to meet high priority needs in drought stricken areas. The program will work closely with the MOWR and other stakeholders to prioritize the works which will be implemented under the program. Activities include; construction and rehabilitation of strategic water facilities i.e earth dams/pans, boreholes, shallow wells and spring protection, rain water harvesting facilities in public institutions, gender sensitive latrines in schools, health centers and markets (with some latrines to be designated for disabled people). This component will focus on enhanced water availability and





accessibility through water harvesting and supply for human consumption, agriculture and livestock in a sustainable manner. Multiple water services such as minor irrigation (for small scale food production) and livestock watering will be incorporated; and for systems using solar energy for pumping, power generated from the system will also be availed for domestic purposes (such as recharging solar lanterns and mobile phones).

Component 2: Capacity Building: This component will support capacity development of the MoWR in Somaliland including the beneficiary communities. Proposed activities include; procurement of essential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) and laboratory equipment and training. The component will also offer support to the Water training center in Hargeisa including procurement of training facilities and equipment. The component will further support the MOWR3 to extend PPP concepts in the management of rural water supply systems including the setting up of a World Care Trust Fund to mobilize resources from the private sector and diaspora for financing water projects in Somaliland. Support will also be offered to MoWR to improve ground water governance so as to enhance sustainable development of the resource.





To enhance sustainability of the water and sanitation facilities, each beneficiary community project will be trained (minimum 50% women) on basic O&M. In addition, each water committee will select an operator who will be trained at the Hargeisa water institute on basic plumbing including operation and maintenance of pumping systems. The committees will also be encouraged to select women to attend this training, with support given to overcome their time-poverty challenges. Training for communities will include hygiene promotion and sensitization with emphasis on scaling up Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and community based climate change adaption activities (water resources protection through soil management, conservation, optimization of green water and re-forestation (including 6 strengthening traditional regulations that govern use of water resources). Piloting of drip irrigation in educational institutions to promote water use efficiency will also be undertaken. This component will also promote women and youth empowerment through establishment of tree nurseries and appropriate conservation with community management. The programs will also emphasis on - the - job training using labour-based construction methods targeted at women and youth. The promotion of integrated rainwater harvesting and management for improving water supply, food security and sustainable livelihood will also be undertaken. To facilitate this, training will be provided in development of gender equitable community water user committees and community-based decision-making around water resource management.

Component 3: Program Management: This relates to the implementation of the program and will entail the management costs as well as logistics and routine program operating expenses. The cost of program supervision and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will be part of this component. The Program Implementation Team (PIT) from WORLD CARE TRUST Somaliland will be staffed with adequately skilled personnel capable of delivering on the program objectives. Implementation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and program audit are also part of this component supply, minor irrigation and income generating activities, linking well with the Banks “High Five” priorities. The program has been designed to directly link with other Bank and Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) led initiatives through its focus on securing drought resilience in Somaliland and complements the Drought Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Program (DRSLP-II), especially on water resources development and management.

5. Knowledge Building: The core competences the Bank will use in this program are the institutional memory of the Bank, the experienced water sector staff and the extensive experience of WORLD CARE TRUST Somaliland, the implementing agency. Consultancy and capacity building reports will contribute to knowledge products sharing lessons and serve as a road map to replicating Address: 116 Acton Lane London NW10 8TX Email: info @worldcaretrust.org




conflict-sensitive government approaches to management of natural resources in fragile states, including extending Public Private Partnerships (PPP) concepts in the management of rural water supply systems and the setting up of a World Care Trust Fund to mobilize resources from the private sector and diaspora.





Technical solution retained and other alternatives explored

The program took into account experience gained/lessons learnt in the country and the region on appropriate technology in the construction of earth dams, boreholes, and associated water infrastructure including operation and maintenance. Where development of surface run-off water and rainwater harvesting is feasible; improved technology in construction shall be deployed to enhance both water supply and hygiene. For earth dams, detailed assessment of proposed sites shall be undertaken to minimise earth movement costs and direct access to water sources shall be prevented with draw off facilities for both humans and livestock provided. Where ground water is the appropriate option, selection of technology is informed by the need to minimize running costs by considering solar energy including the availability of spare parts. Boreholes shall all be lined and springs shall be protected. The mini water systems shall incorporate a reservoir and reticulation system for both domestic and livestock uses.

Sanitation and hygiene interventions in schools will be implemented based on standard guidelines developed by UNICEF and the Somaliland Government which are in line with WHO standards. Gender sensitive sanitation facilities will be provided in selected public institutions coupled with appropriate hygiene trainings targeting behaviour change through CLTS and technical solutions explored for the program taking into account characteristics of water sources, operation and maintenance costs.

Program’s target area and beneficiaries

Geographic coverage: The program will benefit the rural population in Somaliland including IDP’s in the peri-urban areas of Hargeisa and other towns. Priority will be accorded to strategic earth dams along the Haud and Sool Haud Plateau (which are important grazing areas) including drought prone areas within the country. To promote equity and minimize conflicts among communities, a conflict sensitive approach will be applied in the prioritization of program sites. The selection of program sites will take into account (i) equity with regions most vulnerable and afflicted by drought being accorded priority and (ii) technical feasibility of identified water sources with clear community ownership of selected sites.

Direct Beneficiaries. It is projected that a total population of 250,000 (50% women) including livestock units (through multiple water use) will benefit from the program. The water vocational training institute at Hargeisa will benefit from the program and also train an estimated 30 youths on operation and maintenance under the program. An estimated 20 public institutions (schools, Address: 116 Acton Lane London NW10 8TX Email: info @worldcaretrust.org




markets and health facilities) will benefit from the sanitation interventions including rainwater harvesting.

Indirect Beneficiaries. The program will also provide employment opportunities to local people, including youth as well as service providers including consultants, NGOs and contractors. All the population in the program area and beyond will benefit from the hygiene promotion through the local media and mobile phone platform. Women and young people will be a focus of efforts to deliver the planned activities through labour-based construction services. Through micro-irrigation, small scale agricultural food production will be stimulated in the program area.

The beneficial aspects of the program include:

a) Access to safe drinking water and improved standard of living, e.g. through: Better domestic hygiene and reduction in water-borne diseases such as dysentery, diarrhoea, etc.; Time savings, especially for women and girls; Financial benefits, especially for those (poor) people that presently buy their water in small quantities and at high prices from ambulant water vendors; Capacity building and training in the community, and resulting enhancement of organizational, financial and technical capacities of community;

b) Employment and Improved Service Delivery: Increased employment opportunities, improved service delivery to enterprises and the population across the water sector in general remains one of the positive benefits that will arise from the proposed projects. This program will therefore provide substantive employment opportunities to local populations. It is anticipated that the program will provide direct employment during the construction phase and operational stage.

c) Reduced conflicts: Increased availability of water thus reducing conflicts between pastoralists and farmers. Availability of water from sustainable water sources will reduce mobility of pastoralists thus reducing potential inter-clan conflicts; encourage community stability and voluntary settlement of pastoralists;

d) Improved sanitation at schools and markets

e) Increased sanitation and water hygiene awareness





f) Improvement of water resources database thus enabling better planning and management of water resources and facilities in Somaliland

g) Capacity building of water institutions in Hargeisa in training, monitoring and analysis of hydrological data and water resources data.

Resettlement Under the planned program activities no resettlement or displacement is envisaged.





Climate change The program interventions are designed as climate change adaptation measures with minimum carbon foot print. Since the climate in Somaliland is arid to semi-arid, the predicted increase of average precipitation by 10% might, on the long term, have positive effects on groundwater levels and availability. The observed declining groundwater levels in some wells in Somaliland are most likely related with groundwater pumping exceeding groundwater recharge rate, and not to a climate-related decrease in groundwater recharge.

Social The total population of Somaliland is estimated at 3.5 million. The majority of the population live in the rural areas as pastoralists/nomads (50%), while about 35% live in urban cities or centres. The remaining 15% live outside the country, mainly in Europe and North America, where since early 1980’s large groups of nationals from Somaliland have sought asylum. There are also a sizeable number of Somalilanders who live in the oil rich Gulf Countries, as migrant workers. The Diaspora from Somaliland send valuable remittances which helps the local population survive and ensure trade and investment in Somaliland. The annual population growth rate is estimated at 3.14% and life expectancy at birth is between 49 and 55 years. The population density in Somaliland is estimated at 22 persons per square kilometer. Somaliland is considered to have a relatively young population, as more than 68% of the population are below 30 years of age. Across Somaliland regions income per capita ranges from $250 to $350 and poverty levels are high. The Human Development Report (HDR) 2010 estimates that out of 8.7 million people in Somalia (including Somaliland) about 7.1 million (i.e., 81.2%) are multi-dimensionally poor and have limited access to basic services including health and education/training. Despite significant growth across the education sector, the overall enrolment rate remains low averaging 46% (about 57% for boys and 40% for girls) with significant disparities at the regional level.

The project will support the involvement of women in decision making in the individual water development programmes and supply of water will also reduce the amount of the household budget spent on purchasing water from vendors. Furthermore, provision of reliable water supply will contribute in reducing water borne diseases leading to overall improved health and well-being. In addition, provision of sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion in communities will increase awareness and promote good hygiene practices.

Monitoring The program is planned to be implemented over a 36 months period starting July 2018 to July 2020. The Program Implementation Team will report quarterly Address: 116 Acton Lane London NW10 8TX Email: info @worldcaretrust.org




both narrative and financial reports on activity implementation and fund utilisation for submission to the PSC and the Bank. The PSC will review performance of the program against the annual work plan and related budget on a quarterly basis. The program will also have a robust M&E system to facilitate tracking of performance against output and outcome targets in the Results-Based Logical Framework. In line with Bank procedures, The Bank will conduct at least two supervision missions a year and provide technical implementation support and guidance to the Project Management Team. A MTR will be conducted at the end of the second year to assess if the program is on course to meet its development objectives

Governance

Somaliland has been relatively stable and by and large Government institutions are functional though governance challenges still exist at both the national and sector levels. The peace, security and institutional development has enabled revenue collection and the maintenance of basic administrative structure and security. However, due to limited institutional capacity and lack of a requisite legislative framework to handle FM and robust public procurement, the program risk is rated high. Staff capacity and system weaknesses especially in financial management and procurement pose fiduciary risks to program implementation using existing government systems. Recognizing this, the program will adopt a two-pronged approach to the governance challenges. Direct implementation of program activities will be done through a third party implementing agency and the relationship will be governed by an agreement acceptable to the Bank, between the third party (WORLD CARE TRUST Somaliland) and the Government of Somaliland as signatories. The Project Steering Committee with the adoption of participatory processes in the implementation of the program shall give local communities a voice and enhance accountability.

Knowledge Building The program will also strengthen national knowledge on low cost under-utilized sand dams and rainwater harvesting technologies whilst promoting the potential for scale-up and mainstreaming in MoWR strategies and policies. The program will build on the experience from the on-going intervention through comprehensive reporting, including quarterly progress reports, audit reports, mid-term review reports and the program completion report. Information from various sources will be routinely gathered as part of the monitoring and evaluation framework and shared among stakeholders through joint reviews and other fora. The evaluation will also distil lessons for similar Bank projects in fragile states including the extension of PPP concepts in the management of rural Address: 116 Acton Lane London NW10 8TX Email: info @worldcaretrust.org




water supply systems and the setting up of a World Care Trust Fund to mobilize resources from the private sector and diaspora.

The World Care Trust, A non-profit providing clean, safe water and sanitation programs to communities in developing countries, brings supporters the ability to donate at Theworldcaretrust.org Clean water is the world’s leading path to improved health, opportunities for education, economic development and thriving communities.Each year, over 7500 supporters worldwide help communities in need of safe water through The World Care Trust. We are committed to bringing people together to solve the problem of finding clean water. Whether it’s our local teams in the field, the folks back at our headquarters, our donors and fundraisers or the communities we serve, these relationships are the heart and soul of our work.The World Care Trust seamlessly links the lives of our givers to the lives of those they impact through their donation. Every donor, linked to a specific water project, experiences the powerful results clean water. Creating a consistent, accessible and safe environment for this relationship is critical, and your help promises to be a powerful tool in continuing our mission.

Providing access to clean water unlocks human potential by removing needless obstacles, like sickness and long arduous walks, in the lives of the people we serve. We’re excited to implement a donation tool that does the same for our supporters.Theworldcaretrust.org is a non-profit organization providing clean, safe water and sanitation programs in developing countries. Our commitment to in-country leadership and ongoing monitoring programs enable reliable community-based solutions to the water crisis. We make it personal. Every donor, linked to a specific water project, experiences the powerful impact of clean water. Sometimes natural springs provide a continual source of water in a community. The problem is that this otherwise clean, water is contaminated by dirt, bacteria, and bugs and the people must share the spring with animals. This makes the water dangerous. In these cases, a spring protection system is developed. The eye of the spring is carefully capped and covered with a large cement protection box. The box protects the water from surface contamination and also contains a natural filtration system of river gravel and sand. The clean, filtered water is then piped to a reservoir where it collects overnight. During the day, the clean water





that has been collected is piped to distribution points where community members can collect it.1) Prognosis report2) Drilling of the water borehole3) Pump Test & Water Sample4) Install pump and chamber5) Supply pressure vessel, filtration systems and relevant controls.

DIGGING WELLS IN AFRICA HOW IT WORKS

Learn how the Water Project often provides safe water

It's hard to believe that more often than not, the clean water a developing community desperately needs is right underneath them. And it's amazing how a relatively small investment to get to it can make such a dramatic difference in so many lives. That's why we fund these well projects!

Below, you'll find information on the types of wells that can be built and a brief description of the process.





HOW MUCH DOES A WELL COST?One size does not fit all

We get asked a lot about the cost to dig a well in Africa. It's a difficult question to answer though because Africa is a continent with wildly diverse geology and the water wells needed in each come in many varieties.

There are lots of ways to drill them and one size simply doesn't fit all. Let's take a look at some common projects to learn more about the challenges and costs involved.

DEEP WELLSLOTS OF MONEY, LOTS OF WATER

Serving large communities with clean, safe water





In Somaliland, just one example of how different geography can dramatically change the game, some wells must be over 900 feet deep. This introduces all kinds of challenge and expense.First, a much larger drill rig, truck and crew are needed to actually drill the hole. It can take many days.

Then, because the water is so deep, a motorized pump must be installed. The water is simply too heavy to lift from that depth with a hand pump. Diesel generators, large electric pumps, piping, storage tanks and housing for it all can drive the cost up to $100,000 or more. But, since these very large systems serve so many people, they are still quite cost effective. In fact, some of these large systems can serve over 3,000 people. We only partner with established drillers with a lot of experience for these complicated projects. We get asked a lot about the cost to dig a well in Africa. It's a difficult question to answer though because Africa is a continent with wildly diverse geology and the water wells needed in each come in many varieties.There are lots of ways to drill them and one size simply doesn't fit all. Let's take a look at some common projects to learn more about the challenges and costs involved.

Hand Dug and DangerousAddress: 116 Acton Lane London NW10 8TX Email: info @worldcaretrust.org




The simplest wells have traditionally been hand dug. That's right...by hand. They can be fifty or more feet deep and are used when ground water is generally abundant. These wells are extremely dangerous to build and have cost many lives of unskilled laborers. They are also often left uncovered and easily contaminated. They aren't always an ideal solution, but when properly installed they can be quite effective.We work to ensure our partners have the right tools for the job. We want the work to be done safely for both the workers and the people who will benefit from the new source of water.

Shallow Wells - Low Cost, Clean WaterAn example of one of our project sites is in Somaliland, where we fund a young NGO known as The Bridge Water Project. Many of the drillers on this team have had experience deep in a hang dug wells.Today however, they are working with new, small rigs provided by donors. These simple machines can dig to about 150-200 feet. The rigs are very cost effective and in this region of Somaliland do a good job. They can be moved with ease and allow work to happen quickly.As these machines drill through dirt and rock, casing is installed to keep the hole from collapsing. Then a concrete base is formed around the small casing (a few feet in diameter) and is left to set up overnight.Once the concrete pad is dry, the pump mechanism is carefully lowered into the hole and a hand pump is attached. The team makes note of how much water flows and ensures it is safe to drink.Because these new wells are completely sealed, the water stays clean and can be consumed without any treat.





INVOLVING THE COMMUNITYENSURING SUCCESSIn all cases, we work to ensure that the local community is actually invested in the project. One of the best ways we've seen that happen is to require the villages to arrange and pay for the initial geological survey work to be done. That usually costs a few hundred US dollars and requires the community to mobilize and organize around the project. In the long run, this initial commitment to the project means it will be valued and cared for by the community. It can prove an essential step.After a well is installed, the drill team will explain how the pump works, how to keep the area clean, and what to do if it breaks. We make sure each community it able to contact our partners whenever maintenance is needed. A simple repair can become costly if unskilled folks try to fix it alone.




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