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Theme 1: Issues of relationships.

2 markers for this section

Adultery is voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not their spouse.

Divorce is to legally end a marriage.

Cohabitation is to live together in a sexual relationship without being married or in a civil partnership.

Commitment is a sense of dedication and obligation to someone or something.

Contraception is methods used to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant during or following sexual intercourse e.g artificial or natural

Gender equality is when people of all genders enjoy the same rights and opportunities in all aspects of their lives.

Responsibilities are actions or duties you are expected to carry out, such as looking after family members.

Roles are the position, status or function of a person in society e.g. a police officer, as well as the characteristics expected of them, e.g. to obey the law.

Key questions for this topic:Do our roles change with age or circumstances? Does it matter where same-sex weddings take place? . Are families important in the twenty-first century? Would it matter if someone married a person from a different religion? . What difference does marriage make? Why do different religions have different marriage ceremonies? . What and why do religions teach about contraception? . Do men and women have the same roles and responsibilities during worship?

Families

What is a family? The family is the foundation of human societies. It is where human relationships begin and are developed. Within each family the norms and values of society are lived out in practice and a new generation of children is brought up into adulthood.

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Christian views on family

Christian attitudes to the family Christians believe that the family is a vital unit. It should be based on the marriage of a man and a woman and include children. Children have the right to be brought up by two parents in a loving environment. Parents should be role models for their children. They should teach, by example, how to be a good parent, a good husband or wife, a good citizen and a good Christian. St Paul, in the Bible, sets out the relationship between parents and children:

Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 'Honour your father and mother- which is the first commandment with a promise - 'so that it may go well with you and that you may enjoy long life on the earth. Fathers [or parents].do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord. (Ephesians 6.1-4)

Children have a duty to obey their parents. Parents should be patient with their children. They should also bring them up as Christians. They can do this by praying with their children, teaching them stories from the Bible, sending them to Sunday school and encouraging them to be baptised or confirmed.

Christianity The family is an important place for the nurture and celebration of faith. Pope

Francis described it as the essential cell of society'. It is important to worship together as a family at home and at church. It is important to celebrate festivals such as Christmas and Easter as a family. It is important to mark special times in family members' lives such as baptism and

confirmation. Mothers and fathers are expected to play an equally important role in family life

although they may have different responsibilities. In the Ten Commandments children are expected to honour their parents. This can

be interpreted as obeying them but also caring for them when they are old. Children are often considered as gifts from God.

Islamic views on family

Islam teaches that the family is important because it brings stability to society and to individuals.

Islam commands men and women to get married and to have children. It teaches that all people are born Muslims, so children should be brought up to develop their faith. They should be taught how to live moral lives. In turn, children should obey their parents and not question their judgement. They should care for their parents in old age and show kindness. The Qur'an says: And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them [s0 much as], uff, and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word (Qur'an 17.23)

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Many Muslims are critical of the way families have developed in the West. They believe that children should be brought up by two parents, a man and a woman, who are married. They believe there is too much emphasis on the rights and freedoms of children and not enough on their duties and responsibilities.

It is a duty of parents to guide their children to stop them making unwise decisions, even if this means restricting the children's freedom of choice. For example, it is traditional in many Muslim societies for parents to choose their children's marriage partners. This is sometimes called an arranged marriage. Parents are likely to make a choice based on what is best for their child, not on temporary attraction.

Islam

Mothers and fathers are expected to play an equally important role in family life, although they may have different responsibilities.

The family often includes the extended family of parents, grandparents, uncles and aunts.

The role of the family honour is important. It is considered important to celebrate festivals at home together, e.g. Id-ul-Fitr. It is considered important to keep the halal diet together at home. Children are expected to care for their parents and older family members.

Describe religious attitudes to the family. [5]

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Describe both Christian and Islamic views on family. [5]……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Describe Christian views on the family. [5]………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Describe Islamic views on the family. [5]……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Explain religious attitudes towards family. [8]……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

‘The idea of family is not important in the 21st century’ [15]Discuss this statement showing that you have considered more than onepoint of view. (You must refer to religion and belief in your answer).

Some people would agree with this statement because……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Some people would disagree with the statement because.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Some Christians and Muslims would agree with this statement because……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Some Christians and Muslims would disagree with this statement because……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….In my opinion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Describe ways in which families are important in a faith community [5]

Points to make (choose three from the Religious teachings and language to

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list) support the point chosen Reference to the expectation of family units in religious teachings

Christians believe the family is an important place for the nurture and celebration of faith. Islam teaches that the family is important because it brings stability to society and to individuals.

Reference to the functions of specific types of family, e.g. the distinctive role of members in an extended family

In some religious traditions specific roles are expected of the mother and father, e.g. in Islam, the extended family, which includes grandparents, uncles and aunts, also plays a role in the religious life of the family.

Unit established for support and care In Islam especially, children are expected to care for their parents and older family members.

Celebrate important religious festivals together

In Islam, Islamic values and practices are central to family and home life, e.g. Halal. It is considered important to celebrate festivals, such as Id-ul-Fitr, together at home.

Keep the practices of a religion For Christians, it is important to worship together as a family at home and at church, and to celebrate festivals such as Christmas and Easter as a family.

Expectation of religious/non-religious beliefs that within a family there will be specific duties for members

Within families, whether religious or not, there are often different roles and duties that need to be carried out by different members of the family, such as: caring for children; caring for elderly members of the family; keeping the traditions and values of the family’s religion; maintaining the family honour; earning money to support the family.

Care of the elderly and young Many religious traditions expect that the most vulnerable in society, such as the elderly and the young, need to be cared for within the context of the family.

MODEL ANSWERFor many religious traditions, there is an expectation that the family unit has purposes and duties that are important for family, society and community life. For example, Christians

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believe the family is an important place for the nurture and celebration of faith. So Bible studies and prayers before meals, at bedtime and on other occasions, are part of the way of life that children should both experience and be taught. Islam teaches that the family is important because it brings stability to society and to individuals. Many families, from different religious traditions, believe it is important to celebrate religious festivals together, both within the family and in the faith community too. In Islam, Islamic values and practices are central to family and home life, e.g. Halal, and it is considered important to celebrate festivals, such as Eid, together at home. Many religions also see that the family is the unit through which support and care are provided. In Islam especially, children are expected to care for their parents and older family members.

MODEL ANSWER 2Some religious traditions describe functions of specific types of family, e.g. the distinctive role of members in an extended family, where learning the faith and traditions are a natural part of living together in an extended family community. In some religious traditions specific roles are expected of the mother and father, e.g. in Islam, the extended family, which includes grandparents, uncles and aunts, also plays a significant role in the religious life of the family. Part of that function is to keep the practices of the religion to which the family belong. For Christians, it is important to worship together as a family at home and at church, and to celebrate festivals such as Christmas and Easter as a family. Muslims believe the family is the environment in which children learn about the teachings and traditions of Islam. Many religious traditions expect that the most vulnerable in society, such as the elderly and the young, need to be cared for within the context of the family.

Roles of men and women

Roles of men and women in the family. Within a family, adults have different roles and responsibilities. These could include:

caring for children caring for other family members, for example, looking after elderly relatives maintaining the family home earning money to support the family.

Both women and men aim to provide love, comfort, protection and support for each other and for any children. Both have a role to play in the education of children to become responsible adults and future parents. They should show mutual support for each other. Men and women are both important role models for children.

Traditionalist viewsIn the past e.g. 1950’s Britain. Christianity and Islam heled very traditional views with regards to the roles of men and women in family life.The man was responsible for providing for the family e.g. only the man would work and his money would be used to support/ look after the family.The woman or mother was responsible for looking after the children and cleaning the house.

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In Islam e.g. Hadith it refers to women as a man’s ‘subject’

For example, the following quotation from Islam shows a very traditional view of family roles. Men are in charge of the family unit, with women referred to as their 'subjects'. Women are responsible for the home and children:

God's Apostle said, Surely! Everyone of you is a guardian and is responsible for his charges: The Imam [ruler] of the people is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects; a man is the guardian of his family [household] and is responsible for his subjects; a woman is the guardian of her husband's home and of his children and is responsible for them; and the slave of a man is a guardian of his master's property and is responsible for it. Surely. Every one of you is a guardian and responsible for his charges.' (Hadith Sahih Bukhari 9:89:252)

The last sentence, however, could be used to support a more ern view in which both parents are responsible for the children in a family

In Christianity is states that once married a woman becomes the man’s property. This is why society heled very traditional views.

Both Christians and Muslims believe that the family is the most important foundation of society and as such this is why they wish to create strong nuclear families.

Changing viewsIn the modern world men and women are considered equal and so in the modern family men and women are see more as a partnership and have shared responsibilities.Many women go back to work after having a child and many men either work part time or become house husbands because women are getting better paid jobs.In 2015, the law was changed and it became possible for men and women to share parental leave from work. Parents can now decide who takes leave to look after the baby, rather than it automatically being the mother.

Christian attitudes towards the role of men and women

In the time of Jesus, men played a very dominant role role in society. Some may say that Jesus himself would not have attracted a following of disciples if he had been female. It is certainly true that his disciples were male. There is also evidence, however, that Jesus broke some gender norms by treating women with respect, as equals. Christianity teaches that all people, as God's creations, are equal: There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 3.28)

Some Christians interpret this statement in a traditional way, believing that, although man and women are equal, they are different and have different roles. In the Bible, St Paul refers to the relationship between men and women:

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Now I want you to realise that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is man . (1 Corinthians 11.3)

The role of women in the home and family is therefore open to interpretation among Christians. The traditionalist view is that, because Adam was created before Eve (who was made to be his companion) and because women, according to St Paul, are subject to the authority of men, men should be leaders in their own homes and women subordinate. For these Christians, the man is the head of the household and the woman is responsible for housekeeping and childcare.

However, more liberal Christians recognise that, as times change, so the dynamics of social interaction change. They would say that indications of gender inequality in the Bible reflect a society of days gone by. Today, women [should] have equal opportunities in all areas of life and this includes the home.

Muslim attitudes to the roles of men and women

The Qur'an indicates that men and women are equal in the eyes of God: And whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer - those will enter Paradise and will not be wronged [even as much as] the speck on a date seed. (Qura'n 4.124) However, most Muslims believe that men and women have different strengths and aptitudes and therefore different parts to play in societal and family life. The Hadith describes them as two halves. Women are the twin halves of men. (Sunan Abu Daawood: 236)

The role of women tends to be traditional, regardless of nationality. In the home, therefore, men are responsible for the security of the family, physically and financially, while women look after the home and children. Wives are expected to be obedient to their husbands. Muslims see this as being equitable, since the responsibilities that women have are onerous. According to the Hadith: A woman is a guardian of her husband's home and is responsible for it.(Saheeh Al-Bukhaaree: 853)

Prophet Muhammad also said that the mother is the most important member of the family:

A man once asked the Prophet, To whom should I show kindness most? Your mother, he replied. The man said, Then who? The Prophet [again] said, 'Your mother.' The man further asked, 'Then who? The Prophet replied, Your mother.' The man asked again, 'Then who? The Prophet said, Then your father (Saheeh Al-Bukhaaree: 5626)

Explain religious attitudes with regards to the roles of men and women [8]………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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The nature and purpose of marriage

The traditional teachings of Christianity and Islam have been that marriage is the basis of family life. Marriage is regarded as:

God given the best basis for creating an environment into which children should be born a lifelong commitment.

For these religions, it is important to bring children up in the faith respecting beliefs, values and traditions. A wedding ceremony is an important rite of passage in many religious traditions. It is a celebration that recognises the importance of marriage and it includes ritual and symbolism, which often reflect the purposes of marriage.

Christian attitudes towards marriage

Some Christians regard marriage as a gift given to humanity by God- a sacrament. In the Christian wedding service, the phrase 'ordained by God' is used, giving marriage a very special significance for all Christians. The vows exchanged between a bride and a groom in a Christian wedding ceremony reflect this)

In the gospels, Jesus teaches about the importance of marriage. This refers back to the idea in Genesis that, as part of God's creation, God made man and woman. Jesus uses powerful language to convey the meaning that marriage is the complete joining together of two people in a very special way. It is implied that the relationship becomes the most important human relationship for the couple who are married. But at the beginning of creation God 'made them male and female. 'For this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh' So they are no longer two, but one flesh. (Mark 10.6-8)

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The phrase from the marriage service 'what God has joined together, let no man put asunder ‘is interpreted to mean that marriage should be a lifelong union.

Different denominations have different names for the member of the clergy who carries out the wedding ceremony: Minister (Baptist Church) . Pastor (Evangelical Churches) . Priest (Catholic Church) Vicar [Church in Wales)

Christians believe that marriage is a gift from God and, traditionally, Christian marriage ceremonies have taken place in a chapel or church to reflect this belief.2002 synod (council) of the Church of England made a statement and set out the Church’s teachings on marriage.In this statement, the Church confirms that: marriage should last until the death of the first partner. it should endure through all circumstances it should be between a man and woman only. they should be faithful to each other marriage should produce children. it should dignify the sexual act. the couple should provide support for each other.

This is also the position of the Church in Wales.

SummaryMarriage is: a sacrament in some traditions (e.g. Catholic]. Ceremonies are often held in a church or

chapel performed by a vicar or minister. marriage is God's intention as referred to in the New Testament Mark (10:6-8) the vows taken in a marriage ceremony e.g. 'in sickness and in health' show lifelong

commitment. the exchange of rings represents eternal love.

Muslim attitudes towards marriage

Islam Marriage is: a gift from Allah. Qur'an 30:21 refers to God creating a soul mate for humans to have. the basis of family life. Many Muslim families will assist in the finding of a bride or

groom. The nikkah takes place in a mosque or the bride's home, to demonstrate the marriage is under Islamic law (for Shia Muslims, the nikkah must have six verses read publicly), and the marriage contract is signed with witnesses, symbolising the commitment and undertaking of the couple.

In Wales and England, the nikkah is not a legally recognised marriage. In order to be legally married, the couple must also undergo a civil ceremony.

The need to have a companion. The wali (woman's guardian) offers the bride to the groom, to symbolise the groom's responsibility for his wife.

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In the Qur'an there are a number of references to the importance of marriage and how it is the basis of family life. All Muslims are encouraged to marry in order to have a companion and, although divorce is permitted, the ideal is that marriage is for life.

The following quotation from the Qur'an shows that Muslims believe marriage is a gift from God and that people should marry. It says that within this relationship the couple are able to show affection towards one another and are able to support each other in their religious faith.

And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought. (Qur'an 30.21)

The Muslim wedding ceremony

The nikah is a simple marriage ceremony in which a man and woman declare their commitment to one another as husband and wife. It might take place in a mosque, where it could be led by an imam. However, it may also be at the bride's home.

The wali or woman's guardian in marriage offers the bride to the groom. There must be two witnesses who have attained adulthood and are good Muslims. There is the payment of mahr (a dowry or marriage gift) by the groom to the bride. A marriage contract is signed by the bride and groom and witnesses. For the nikah

there must be the consent of both parties. A sermon is given to bless the marriage. Vows are not necessary, but may be exchanged if the bride and groom choose to do so.

Traditionally the bride would vow to be honest, obedient and faithful and the husband would vow to be helpful and faithful.

The wedding ceremony ends with prayers for the bride and groom, their families, the local Muslim community and the worldwide Muslim community.

The wedding banquet or walima is traditionally held by the groom after the nikah has taken place. It may take place immediately following the nikah or on the following day, but the purpose of the banquet is for family and friends to share in the groom's happiness on the occasion of his marriage and to give thanks to God.

In Wales and England, the nikah is not a legally recognised marriage. In order to be legally married, the couple must also undergo a civil ceremony.

If a mosque in the UK is licensed to conduct weddings then the marriage will be legally recognised, but very few are licensed. This means that there are many Muslim couples who are in a nikah but are not legally married. Some Muslim couples use this as an opportunity to find out if they can live as man and wife before making a legal commitment.

Explain how partners might show commitment to each other during a marriage ceremony. [8]

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Describe religious teachings on marriage. [5]

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Describe Christian attitudes about the nature of marriage. [5]

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Explain both the Christian and Islamic teachings on the purpose of marriage.

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Marriage outside traditions

In the modern word, 2019, interfaith marriage (where 2 people from 2 different faiths e.g. Muslim and a Christian marry) is an issue that religion must address.

A similar issues is a religious person marrying a non-religious person.

Islamic law forbids Muslim women from marrying a non-Muslim but a Muslim man can marry a Jew or Christian.

Christians may marry non-Christians but Catholics and Evangelical Christians tend to discourage this.

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There could also be an issue of where an interfaith marriage may take place.

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Explain the issues raised by interfaith marriage [8]

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Describe religious teachings about inter-faith marriage. [5]

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MARK SCHEME:Christianity

Differing views from denominations and individuals which often resultsfrom interpretations of scriptures and sources of authorityJesus made no comment on this issueSome denominations will only marry Christian partners

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In the Catholic Church there is an agreement to raise children within theFaith.

Catholics see marriage as a sacrament, whilst other Christians do notChristians may choose to marry in a designated place and receive achurch blessing rather than a church or chapel wedding in order to avoidthe problem of choosing which church to marry in

IslamMarriages between Muslims and the 'People of the Book' are preferredMarriages between partners who share a monotheistic religion arepreferredMarriages may take place in a designated place rather than a mosqueThere may be a tradition of arranged marriages for two Muslim partners

“You should be able to get married to whomever you want, even if they are from a different religion’ [15]

Some people would agree with this statement because

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Some people would disagree with this statement because

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Religious arguments that agree e.g. Christians would agree/ Muslims would agree with this statement

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Religious disagree, Muslims/Christians would disagree with this statement because

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In my opinion

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Cohabitation

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Sexual relationships are considered sacred and special so, traditionally, cohabitation and adultery were prohibited.

Islamic attitudes to cohabitation

- Sexual relationships should take place within marriage.- Cohabitation is generally regarded as wrong.- Modern, Muslims may choose to cohabit- Qur’an teaches that sex outside a marriage is an evil that leads to further evils.

(Qur’an 17.32)

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Describe religious teachings about cohabitation. [5]

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“Cohabitation is fine as long as it’s part of a committed relationship” [15]

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Religious teachings on adultery

Christian attitudes to adultery.Christianity teaches that adultery is wrong for the following reasons:

- Marriage is sexually exclusive and should not be shared with anyone else.- The Ten Commandments forbid adultery - 'You shall not commit adultery.' (Exodus

20.14).- Marriage is a sacrament - a gift from God-and Adultery goes against this.- Adultery goes against the vows the couple made when they got married.- Committing adultery destroys the special relationship between a husband and wife- Committing adultery can harm the family unit cause the partner to feel cheated and

betrayed.

Muslim attitudes to adultery

Islam teaches that adultery is wrong for the following reasons:

- Sex outside marriage is generally strongly disapproved of.

- Marriage is a life-long union, based on trust, morality and devotion.

- Vows promising to be faithful to one another might be exchanged in the marriage ceremony.

- Adultery is seen as harmful to society, so against the unity and peace of the ummah [community)

- Adultery seen as a form of theft of the worst possible sort.

- Qur’an teaches that adultery is wrong. (Qur’an 17.32)

Describe religious attitudes to adultery. [5]

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Christianity: divorce and remarriage

- Divorce is accepted as a legal ending of marriage, but is discouraged (Mark 10:9].- - Every effort at reconciliation should be made.- Remarriage is discouraged, but when chosen, a non-church wedding is expected in

some denominations.- Ministers are free to choose whether to conduct a remarriage service.- Jesus' teaching in Matthew 19:9 regards remarriage after anything other than

unfaithfulness as committing adultery.- Jesus stated (Mark 10:9) that no one should separate what God had joined (in

marriage)

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Islam: divorce and remarriage

- Divorce is allowed as a last resort. Before a couple divorces, they should be helped to be reconciled (Qur'an 4:35).

- A period of three months (the iddah) of trying to be reconciled must be taken first.- If divorce does take place, the wife receives the final part of her dowry and should

be treated well (Qur'an 2:229).- Remarriage is allowed, as there is no concept of celibacy in Islam.- In the Qur'an (4:128-130] it is made clear that it is not wrong to separate if they both

agree.

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c) Explain why there are differences in attitude to divorce within a religion.[8]

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Mark scheme:

Some religious believers believe divorce is acceptable in certaincircumstances, for example, Liberal Anglicans and JewsSome religious believers hold the promises made in a marriage ceremonyto be for life; 'til death do us part', 'what God has joined...'Some Christians believe that marriage should always be saved; the workof 'Marriage Care'Consideration has to be given to the reasons for divorce; some might saythat divorce is necessary in circumstances of domestic abuse etc.Some may take a more situational/relativist approach than others withintheir traditionLaws in the country may impact on religious attitudes to divorceCulture may impact on people's beliefs even though they belong to the

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same traditionReference to the interpretation of sources of authority; some believeJesus opposed divorce in all circumstances, whereas some believe thatJesus allowed divorce on the grounds of adultery

Explain religious teachings on divorce and remarriage within a religion. [8]

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