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saqarTvelos adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis gaumjobeseba

angariSi II: SeTavazebuli midgoma

serJ kartie van diseliseqtemberi 2010


mokle Sinaarsi

1. winamdebare angariSi rigiT meorea seriul angariSebs Soris da warmoadgens konsultantis mier rekomendebul midgomas adgilobrivi gzebis gaumjobesebis mimdinare samuSaoebis mimarT; angariSi efuZneba pirvel etapze Sekrebil informacias1 da 2010 wlis ivnisSi gamarTul meore vizits, romlis drosac mopovebul iqna damatebiTi informacia da sxvadasxva SesaZlo midgomebis Sesaxeb imsjeles regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros gzebis departamentis, adgilobrivi municipaluri xelisuflebis, sagzao samuSaoebis ganxorcilebaze pasuxismgebeli adgilobrivi kontraqtorebisa da msoflio bankis warmomadgenlebma. am angariSis mizania warmoadginos rekomendebuli midgoma, raTa ganisazRvros movla-SekeTebis prioritetuli samuSaoebi, rac uzrunvelyofs adgilobrivi gzebis karg mdgomareobas; aseve Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistema da kontraqtorebis mier daqiravebuli jgufebis da municipalitetebis mier pirdapiri wesiT daqiravebuli mikro sawarmoebis movla-SekeTebis saTanado SromiTi monawileobis organizeba.

2. adgilobrivi gzebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi Zalian mZimea, radgan qveynis damoukideblobis Semdeg TiTqmis araviTari movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi ar Catarebula da amJamad adgilobrivi gzebis didi nawilis asfaltis safari Zalian Zvelia. axlaxans ganxorcielda rigi adgilobrivi gzebis reabilitacia (msoflio bankis mier dafinansebuli adgilobrivi da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis proeqtis farglebSi), Tumca karg mdgomareobaSi arebuli adgilobrivi gzebi mTliani qselis mxolod daaxloebiT 5%-s Seadgens. cnobilia rom sworad ganxorcilebuli rutinuli movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba xarji erT kilometrze, izrdeba am gzebis eqspluataciis vada da umjobesdeba adgilobrivi gzebis qselis zogadi mdgomareoba; am gzebze saerTod ar tardeba saSemkeTeblo samuSaoebi an Zalian mcire moculobiT tardeba, amave dros adgilobrivi Temebis zewoliT gzebis SekeTebis dafinansebis ganawileba sakmaod cudad xdeba. amgvari midgomis Sedegad iwyeba araswori cikli, radgan cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SekeTeba karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis xarjze xdeba, romlebic amiT metad ziandeba da ufro ZviradRirebul saSemkeTeblo samuSaoebs moiTxovs, rac ufro mZime tvirTad awveba movla-SekeTebisaTvis gamoyofil SezRudul biujets.

3. reabilitirebuli gzebis procentuli zrdis da gzebis reabilitaciaSi msxvili investiciebis ganxorcielebis gaTvaliswinebiT, es dokumenti iZleva rekomendacias, rom Seicvalos midgoma adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis mimarT, anu prioritetuli gaxdes karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla- SekeTeba, raTa SenarCundes da gaizardos movla-SekeTebiT uzrunvelyofili gzebis moculoba da gaumjobesdes qselis saSualo mdgomareoba, amasTan umiznod ar daixarjos sagzao aqtivebi. es agreTve gazrdis rutinuli movla- SekeTebisaTvis gamoyofili SezRuduli biujetidan miRebul sargebels, radgan transportis xarjis dazogviT, rutinul movla-SekeTebaSi ganxorcielebuli erTi sainvesticio erTeulis zRvruli sargebeli mniSvnelovnad izrdeba gzebis kargi mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aseTi danazogi erTi investirebuli dolaridan SesaZloa rva dolars aRwevdes (nawilobriv movla-SekeTebis xarjebis dazogviT nawilobriv ki gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis dazogviT).

4. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisaTvis saWiro saqmianobebi gansxvavdeba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebisagan, Tumca didi yuradReba eqceva profilaqtikur samuSaoebs da did teritoriaze gaSlil mcire moculobis saSemkeTeblo samuSaoebs, romelic ar gulisxmobs moasfaltebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom amgvari samuSaoebis umetesobis SemTxvevaSi yvelaze kargi Sedegebi miiRweva teqnikis gamoyenebiT, rac rig SemTxvevvebSi teqnikurad

1 es aRwerilia s. kartie van diselis angariSSi: `saqarTveloSi gzis movla-Senaxvis mwarmoebeli mikro sawarmoebis danergva” – angariSi I: pirveli etapis Sedegebi, msoflio banki/PPIAF, 2010 w. (http://ppiaf.cartierconsult.com/georgia).

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http://ppiaf.cartierconsult.com/georgia

sagzao samuSaoebis Semsrulebeli sawarmoebi saqarTveloSi

gaumarTlebelia anu ufro Zviri jdeba vidre muSaxelis gamoyeneba. miuxedavad saqarTveloSi arsebuli maRali saxelfaso ganakveTisa, muSaxelis gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs gzebis gaumjobesebasa da aqcentis gadatanas sakoreqcio samuSaoebisa da profilaqtikuri samuSaoebisaken, xolo did teritoriaze gaSlili samuSaoebisaTvis romlebic moasfaltebas ar iTvaliswineben naklebi samuSao Zalaa saWiro.

5. muSaxelis didi moculobis gamoyeneba moiTxovs saTanado organizebas, raTa samuSaoebi yairaTianad da efeqturad ASesruldes. adamianuri resursebis marTvisa da xelsewyobis erT erTi saukeTeso saSualeba aris Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqti, rodesac anazRaureba xdeba gzebis mdgomareobis da ara Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis moculobisa da maTze daxarjuli drois mixedviT. garda marTvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis Semcirebisa, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqti aseve xels uwyobs biujetis Seqmnasa da inspeqtirebas municipalitetebis mxridan, xolo samuSaos dadgegmvisa da organizebis pasuxismgebloba ekisreba kontraqtors. Tavis mxriv kontraqtors SeuZlia gazardos misi efeqturoba samuSaoebis sworad organizebisa da drouli organizebis gziT, rac gazrdis mis mogebas.

6. rodesac didi odenobis adamianuri resursia saWiro, rogorc, magaliTad, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi, rekomendebulia Sromis procesis organizeba naxevrad damoukidebeli saSemkeTeblo jgufebis meSveobiT, nacvlad didi brigadebis gadaadgilebisa erTi gzidan meoreze.

7. adgilobrivi saSemkeTeblo jgufi SeiZleba iyos municipalitetis mier pirdapiri wesiT daqiravebuli mikro sawarmo an kontraqtoris mier qvekontraqtiT ayvanili muSebisgan Semdgari araoficialuri jgufi. miuxedavad imisa, rom pirveli alternativa nakleb movla-saSemkeTeblo xarjs moiTxovs erT kilometrze, is did tvirTs akisrebs municipalur mmarTvelobas kontraqtebis gaformebis, zedamxedvelobis da inspeqtirebis TvalsazrisiT, amasTan iTxovs movla-SekeTebis procesSi CarTuli muSebis ufro maRal unarebs. arCevani pirvel rigSi ganisazRvreba movla-SekeTebisaTvis gamoyofili biujetiT, municipalur doneze arsebuli SesaZleblobebiT da adamianuri resursebiT da im kontraqtorebis arsebobiT romlebic ukve CarTuli arian adgilobrivi gzebis qselis aqtiur movla-SekeTebaSi. movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli mikro sawarmoebis kontraqtiT daqiraveba municipalitets miscems axlaxans reabilitirebuli gzebis ZiriTadi movla-SekeTebis xarjTefeqtianad uzrunvelyofis saSualebas, xolo qvekontraqtorebis ayvana kontraqtorebisTvis niSnavs farTo movla-SekeTebis farglebSi, prevenciuli movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis efeqturad Catarebas.

8. rodesac xdeba mikro sawarmos pirdapiri wesiT daqiraveba, kontraqtebis raodenoba erT municipalitetze savaraudod aTs ar gadaaWarbebs (daaxloebT 650 sawarmo mTel saqarTveloSi) maSinac ki, Tu moculi iqneba mTeli adgilobrivi gzebis qseli. praqtikaSi es raodenoba SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad dabali iyos, adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebaze gamoyofili SezRuduli biujetis gamo, rac TavisTavad amcirebs movla-SekeTebisaTvis gamiznuli gzebis sigrZes, xolo mikrosawarmoebis zedamxedveloba ar Seqmnis gadaWarbebul tvirTs. amgvari mikro sawarmoebis Seqmna aamaRlebs samewarmeo diversifikaciis dones, ris Sedegad seqtorSi, romelic dabali konkurenciiT xasiaTdeba warmoiqmneba ufro konkurentuli fasebi.

9. movla-SekeTebis adgilobrivi jgufebis an mikro sawarmoebis dafuZnebis Sedegad soflad gaizrdeba SromiTi da Semosavlis miRebis SesaZleblobebi, radgan araprofesionali muSaxelis monawileoba kontraqtis 10%-dan – 60 – 70% procentamde gaizrdeba. soflad ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis 17% umuSevaria, arasruli dasaqmebis zRvari maRalia, siRaribis done 25%-ia, xolo mosaxleobis 20% siRaribis zRvars miRma cxovrobs, amdenad gzebis movla-

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SekeTebis samuSaoebSi monawileoba mniSvnelovani SesaZleblobaa soflis Raribi mosaxleobis cxovrebis gasaumjobeseblad.

10.karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTeba adgilobrivi jgufebis an Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis mixedviT daqiravebuli mikro sawarmoebis meSveobiT, moiTxovs swavlebas da SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebas sxvadasxva doneze. municipalur samsaxurebs sWirdebaT Sesavali treningi, sadac gaecnobian movla-SekeTebis sworad dagegmvis, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebisa da sxvadasxva proeqtebis marTvis sakiTxebs. movla-SekeTebis procesSi CarTul pirebs da mikro sawarmoebis warmomadgenlebs dasWirdebaT treningi movla- SekeTebis dagegmvasa da organizebaSi da kompaniis marTvaSi. satreningo moTxovnebi rodesac movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad, qvekontraqtiT xdeba adgilobrivi jgufis ayvana, Tumca kontraqtorebi unda akmayofilebdnen am moTxovnebis umravlesobas, amasTan unda gaecnon Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis momzadebisa da movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli adgilobrivi jgufebis marTvis sakiTxebs. sapilote regionebSi treningebis da SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebis didi nawili ganxorcieldeba msoflio bankis teqnikuri daxmarebis farglebSi, - PPIAF-is finansuri mxardaWeriT.

11.pirdapiri kontraqtebis SemTxvevaSi, mikro sawarmoebis xarjebi, maT Soris, mimdinare movla-SekeTebis yvela samuSao, garda zamTris movla-SekeTebisa da safariani gzis movla-SekeTebisa, weliwadSi erT kilometrze daaxloebiT 150 – 1400 laris farglebSi meryeobs, ZiriTadad damokidebulia transportis moZraobis donesa da topografiaze. arsebuli kontraqtorebis mier movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli araoficialuri jgufebis treningis SemTxvevaSi es xarjebi gaizrdeba 1,500 da 1900 laramde, radgan daemateba dRg, aseve damatebiTi xarjebi da mogebis marJa. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, prevenciuli da safaris gareSe arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis xarjebs daemateba zamTris movla-SekeTebis da movla-Senaxvis xarjebi. rekomendebulia, rom asfaltis safaris sawyisi SekeTeba da zamTris movla-SekeTeba Seasrulos kontraqtorma, misi Tanamonawileobis farglebSi, radgan aRniSnuli samuSaosaTvis saWiroa aRWurviloba, amasTan agvaridebs Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebul problemas mogebis gadasaxadTan mimarTebaSi.

12.am etapze Semosavlidan miRebuli dafinansebis done weliwadSi kilometrze saSualod 800 lars Seadgens (2010 wels 13, 386 kilometrze gamoyofili iyo 10,800,000 lari), rac namdvilad ar aris sakmarisi da sul mcire unda gasammagdes Tu gvsurs, rom adgilobrivi gzebis mTeli qseli saTanado movla-SekeTebas daeqvemdebaros grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi. Tumca, aqcentis cvlileba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze aseve SesaZlebels gaxdis gzebis didi nawilis movla-SekeTebas, aseve uzrunvelyofs imas, rom bolo periodSi gzebis gzebis reabilitaciaSi ganxorcielebuli investiciebi ar daikargos da gaumjobesdes adgilobrivi gzebis qselis mdgomareoba, es TavisTavad grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi Seamcirebs movla-SekeTebis xarjebs.

13.midgomis gamocdisa da gamarTvisaTvis, rekomendebulia Catardes sapilote movla-SekeTeba SLRP proeqtis farglebSi axlaxans reabilitirebuli, moasfaltebuli gzebis daaxloebiT 100 kilometrze. SerCeul or da oTx municipalitets Soris SeirCeva erT-erTi, sadac samuSaoebi Caatares arsebulma kontraqtorebma, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis adgilobrivi jgufebis pilotirebas. am modelis mixedviT, adgilobrivi gundebi pasuxismgebelni iqnebian prevenciul movla-SekeTebasa da safa gareSe SekeTebaze, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis mixedviT, xolo zamTris movla-SekeTeba da moasfalteba Sesruldeba kontraqtoris mier aRWurvilobis gamoyenebiT tradiciuli monawileobiTi sistemiT. sapilote raioni unda moicavdes sul mcire erT municipalitets, sadac am etapze ar ganxorcielebula adgilobrivi gzebis qselis movla-SekeTeba; am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli jgufebis Camoyalibeba mikro sawarmoebad da maTi pirdapiri wesiT daqiraveba

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municipalitetebis mier. am modelis mixedviT mikro sawarmoebi pasuxismgebelni iqnebian profilaqtikur movla-SekeTebasa da moasfaltebis gareSe movla-SekeTebaze, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis farglebSi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli SesaZloa gafarTovdes da moicvas moasfaltebis mcire samuSaoebi. movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebi daideba erTi wlis vadiT, yovel SemTxvevaSi, pirvel etapze.

14.2010 wlis dekemberSi moewyoba samuSao Sexvedra MRDI-is, municipalitetebis, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagentosa da sagadasaxado samsaxuris warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT, sadac ganixilaven SeTavazebul midgomas da misi pilotirebis sakiTxs. midgomis ZiriTad aspeqtebze SeTanxmebis Semdeg, detalebi Camoyalibdeba or gzamkvlevsa da saxelmZRvaneloSi municipaluri mmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebisTvis, movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis inspeqtorebisTvis da movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli adgilobrivi jgufebisa da mikro sawarmoebisTvis. am midgomis pilotireba moxdeba 2011 wels PPIAF–s dafinansebis meore fazaSi ganxorcielebuli teqnikuri daxmarebis farglebSi, movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis dafinansebaSi monawileobas miiRebs centraluri mTavroba, sapilote municipalitetebi da msoflio banki.

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saboloo samuSao Sexvedris daskvnebi 15. am angariSis Sinaarsi warmodgenili iqna 2010 wlis 2 dekembers TbilisSi gamarTul samuSao Sexvedraze; romlis monawileTa Soris iyvnen saqarTvelos infrastruqturisa da regionaluri ganvitarebis saministros da misi gzebis departamentis, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagentos, sagadasaxado samsaxuris, sxvadasxva municipalitetebisa da kontraqtorebis warmomadgenlebi. Sexvedraze warmodgenili iqna adgilobrivi gzebis movla SekeTebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da maTi mogvarebis gzebi. swored am sakiTxebze imsjeles Sexvedris monawileebma.

Sexvedraze ganxiluli Ziritadi sakiTxebi monacemebi adgilobrivi gzebis Sesaxeb movla SekeTebis dafinanseba da prioritetebis gansazRvra movla SekeTebis kontraqtebi, konkurenciis doneebi da xarisxze dafuZnebuli kontraqti movla SekeTebis jgufebi an mikrosawarmoebi karg mdgomareobaSi myofi gzebis movla

SekeTebisaTvis

16. msjeloba ZiriTadad gaimarTa xarisxze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis SemoRebis irgvliv, gansakuTrebiT reabilitaciis da movla SekeTebis kombinaciis SemTxvevaSi, sadac kontraqtori pasuxismgebeli iqneba gzis reabilitaciaze da Semdgom garkveuli periodis manZilze misi movla SekeTebis uzrunvelyofaze, xarisxze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis farglebSi. monawileebma imsjeles gadaxdis formebze, samuSaos inseqtirebisa da Sesyidvebis da gadasaxadebis sakiTxebze. Tumca mainc bevri kiTxva darCa , gansakuTrebiT kontraqtoorebis mxares, mTavari daskvna iyo, rom arsebobs mniSvnelovani interesi Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis mimarT, gansakuTrebiT reabilitaciisa da movla SekeTebis kombinaciis SemTxvevaSi.

17. aseve imsjeles movla SekeTebis jgufebisa da mikrosawarmoebis SemoRebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. es jgufebi an mikro sawarmoebi aseve xarisxze dafuZnebuli kontraqtiT iqnebian ayvanili, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis am tipis kontraqtis etapobrivad SemoRebas. aseTi jgufebis an mikrosawarmoebis xarji ufro dabali iqneba, radgan ar ixdian damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxads. Tumca aRiniSna, rom amgvari jgufebis an mikrosawarmoebis sargebeli ver aanazRaurebs maTi Seqmnis, marTvis da swavlebis xarjebs. zogi municipaliteti mainc dainteresda am midgoms pilotirebiT, Tumca ar gamouTqvamT amisaTvis sakuTari Tanxebis investirebis survili.

18. Sexvedraze gakeTda daskvna, rom monawileebs urCevniaT orientacia aiRon Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxze dafuZnebul reabilitacia movla SekeTebis kontraqtebze da rom am kvelevis Sedegebi am etapze ar dainergos SezRuduli sargeblis gamo. amasTan gadawyda, am etapze ar momxdariyo proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli midgomis pilotireba da saxelmZRvaneloebis momzadeba. aRniSnuli midgoma SesaZloa gadaisinjos rodesac gzebis mdgomareoba gaumjobesdeba da prevenciuli movla SekeTeba prioritetuli gaxdeba, Tumca am midgomis ganxilva ar Rirs municipalitetebis da/an kontraqtorebis dainteresebis gareSe.

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Sinaarsimokle Sinaarsi............................................................................................................................iSesavali........................................................................................................................................11. adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTeba saqarTveloSi................................................2

1.1 adgilobrivi gzebis arsebuli mdgomareoba da movla-SekeTebis praqtika .........21.2 karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis swori movla-SekeTeba..............................51.3 daskvna............................................................................................................................9

2. ganxorcielebis saTanado meqanizmebi.................................................................112.1 teqnikis da SromiTi resursis Sefardeba...................................................................112.2 Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqti..........................................................................142.3 daskvna..........................................................................................................................17

3. Sromis organizeba da kontraqtis momzadeba....................................................183.1 efeqturi da yairaTiani Sroma.....................................................................................183.2 muSaxelis jgufebis ayvana kontraqtiT.....................................................................193.3 SesaZleblobebis gaumjobeseba da treningi...........................................................223.4 daskvna..........................................................................................................................24

4. adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis dafinanseba..............................................264.1 movla-SekeTebis jgufebis xarjebi ............................................................................264.2 adgilobrivi gzebis movla SekeTebis dafinanseba ................................................274.3 daskvna..........................................................................................................................28

5. rekomendebuli midgoma da Semdegi nabijebi ..................................................295.1 rekomendebuli midgoma...........................................................................................295.2 Semdegi nabijebi.........................................................................................................30

SemoklebebiAADT transportis nakadis saSualo dRiuri moculoba EIRR Semosavlis Sida ekonomikuri koeficienti GEL qarTuli lari GoG saqarTvelos mTavroba HDM-IV avtobanis ganviTarebis da marTvis meqanizmis IV versia IRI sisworis saerTaSoriso indeqsi International Roughness Index индекс ровностиMRDI regionuli ganviTarebis da infrastruqturis saministro NPV wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba PPIAF saxelmwifo-kerZo infrastruqturis mrCevelTa sabWoRD gzebis departamenti SLRP Sida saxelmwiforebrivi da adgilobrivi gzebis proeqti SPA saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagento USD aSS dolari VAT damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi

winamdebare angariSis mixedviT lari dolaris gacvliTi kursi aris: 1 aSS dolari = 1.85 lars

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Sesavali1. saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi gzebis qseli Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia, rac ZiriTadad gasuli 20 wlis manZilze ganxorcielebuli arasakmarisi movla-SekeTebiTaa gamowveuli. 2007 wlidan am gzebis movla-SekeTebaze pasuxismgebloba daekisra adgilobriv municipalur mmarTvelobebs (raioni), romlebsac SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi da resursebi aqvT saTanado movla-SekeTebis warmoebisaTvis. adgilobrivi gzebis mdgomareoba mainc umjobesdeba mTeli rigi sareabilitacio proeqtebis Sedegad, Tumca jer-jerobiT ar tardeba swori movla-SekeTeba, romelic SesaZlebels gaxdida gzebis kargi mdgomareobis SenarCunebas. swored amitom saqarTvelos mTavrobam msoflio banks mimarTa adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis gaumjobesebaSi mxardaWeris TxovniT.

2. aRniSnuli mxardaWera iTvaliswinebs gzebis movla-SekeTebas mikro sawarmoebis gamoyenebiT, romlis mixedviTac xdeba adgilobrivi macxovreblebis organizeba, swavleba da kontraqtiT ayvana movla-SekeTebis ZiriTadi samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad, romelTa mizania gzebis (seriozuli) dazianebis prevencia da maTze xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobeseba. msoflio bankis da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis wyalobiT es koncefcia sakmaod popularuli da nacadia laTinuri amerikis araerT qveyanaSi2. 2008 wels msoflio bankma PPIAF –is dafinansebuli sapilote proeqtis3 farglebSi CineTSi Caatara am koncefciis pilotireba, aRniSnulis Sedegebs gaecno saqarTvelos mTavroba. mTavrobis warmomadgenlebma miiCnies, rom es midgoma Zalian perspeqtiulia adgilobrivi gzebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis, amasTan, xels Seuwyobda dasaqmebasa da siRaribis Semcirebas soflad.

3. saxelmwifo-kerZo infrastruqturis mrCevelTa sabWom (PPIAF) daamtkica granti saqarTveloSi am midgomis pilotirebisaTvis. PPIAF –is proeqtis pirveli faza ganxorcieldeba 2010 wlis ganmavlobaSi da mimarTuli iqneba mimdinare movla-SekeTebis meqanizmebze da zogad konteqstze, romlis farglebSic unda ganxorcieldes gaumjobesebuli movla-SekeTebis sistema, raTa gamovlindes mikro sawarmoze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis adaptirebuli versiis saqarTveloSi Semotanis potenciali. meore faza daiwyeba 2011 wels da misi mizani iqneba movla-SekeTebis ganviTarebuli sistemis pilotireba rig gzebze, da Sesabamisi mikro sawarmoebis da/an movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli jgufebis Camoyalibeba da treningi am saWiroebebis Sesabamisad.

4. winamdebare angariSi rigiT meorea angariSebis wyebaSi da warmoadgens konsultantis mier pirvel etapze mokvleul4 masalaze dafuZnebiT rekomendebul midgomas, aseve 2010 wlis vizitis ganmavlobaSi damatebiT mopovebul informacias, romelic Segrovda da sxvadasxva midgomebTan erTad ganxilul iqna regionaluri ganviTarebis da infrastruqturis saministros gzebis departamentis, municipaluri xelisuflebis, gzebis movla-SekeTebaze pasuxismgebeli adgilobrivi kontraqtorebisa da msoflio bankis warmomadgenlebTan erTad. winamdebare angariSis mizania SeTavazebuli 2damatebiTi informacia ix: `soflis gzebis gundze dafuZnebuli rutinuli movla-SekeTeba – laTinuri amerikis qveynebis gamocdileba”, s. kartie van diseli, msoflio banki/PPIAF, 2007 (http://www.cartierconsult.com/publications).3 Sesabamisi angariSebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi SegiZliaT ixiloT Semdeg misamarTze: http://www.cartierconsult.com/cd-roms/ppiaf-china. 4 aRwerilia s. kartie van diselis angariSSi `saqarTveloSi gzis movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli mikro sawarmoebis danergva – pirveli angariSi: winaswari Sedegebi”, msoflio banki/PPIAF, 2010 w. (http://ppiaf.cartierconsult.com/georgia).

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http://www.cartierconsult.com/cd-roms/ppiaf-china

http://www.cartierconsult.com/publications


midgomis warmodgena da dasabuTeba, romelic gulisxmobs upiratesobis miniWebas karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla- SekeTebisaTvis, radgan aRniSnuli midgoma zrdis moTxovnas SromiT resursze da xels uwyobs Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis SemoRebas, aseve adgilobrivi saSemkeTeblo jgufebis organizebas, iqneba es municipalitetis mier pirdapir kontraqtiT daqiravebuli mikro sawarmo Tu arapirdapir – arsebuli kontraqtoris gavliT.

5. angariSi dasawyisSi warmodgenilia movla-SekeTebis praqtika, romelsac amJamad iyeneben saqarTvelos adgilobriv gzebze da xdeba misi Sedareba SeTavazebul praqtikasTan, romelic upiratesobas aniWebs karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinul movla-SekeTebas da gansazRvravs midgomis amgvari cvlilebiT gamowveul ekonomikur sargebels. meore TavSi detalurad aris ganxiluli karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis gavlena SromiTi resursisa da aRWurvilobis gamoyenebaze, aseve Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis kontraqti, rogorc efeqturi meqanizmi karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. mesame TavSi mocemulia saWiro muSaxelis kontraqtiT ayvanisa da organizebis sakiTxebi sxvadasxva alternativebis SemTxvevaSi, agreTve am alternativebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. meoTxe Tavi exeba adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis dafinansebas. bolo, mexuTe TavSi Sejamebulia rekomendebuli midgoma da aRwerilia Semdegi nabijebi, maT Soris, SeTavazebuli sapilote samuSaoebi.

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1. adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTeba saqarTveloSi6. am TavSi mokled aris mimoxiluli adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis saqarTveloSi arsebuli praqtika, romelic orientirebulia cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebaze; da xdeba misi Sedareba SeTavazebul midgomasTan, romelic gulisxmobs karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis prioritetad gansazRvras da maT saTanado movla-SekeTebas. am mizniT warmodgenilia HDM-IV –is meSveobiT ganxorcielebuli modelirebis Sedegebi da xazgasmulia karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis swori movla-SekeTebis upiratesoba ekonomikuri sargeblisa da zogadad gzebis mdgomareobis TvalsazrisiT.

1.1 adgilobrivi gzebis arsebuli mdgomareoba da movla-SekeTebis

arsebuli praqtika

7.ukanaskneli Sefasebebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos adgilobrivi gzebi 13,386 kilometrs moicavs, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebi 5,446 kilometrs, xolo saerTaSoriso gzebi – 1,564 kilometrs. adgilobrivi gzebis mxolod meoTxedi aris moasfaltebuli, maTi didi nawili 1991 wlamde anu qveynis damoukideblobamdea gayvanili, Sesabamisad asfaltis safari xSir SemTxvevaSi Zalian Zvelia. damoukideblobis Semdeg, aT welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi faqtobrivad ar momxdara am gzebis SekeTeba, ramac, cxadia, maTi seriozulad dazianeba gamoiwvia. miuxedavad imisa, rom movla-SekeTebis praqtika bolo periodSi gaumjobesda, wina wlebSi arsebuli ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobis gamo adgilobrivi gzebis mxolod 5% aris karg mdgomareobaSi, saSemkeTeblo samuSaoebi ZiriTadad xorcieldeba msoflio bankis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi da adgilobrivi gzebis proeqtis gaumjobesebis da sxva proeqtebis farglebSi. adgilobrivi gzebis daaxloebiT 75% Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia, saerTod adgilobrivi gzebis qseli gacilebiT uares mdgomareobaSia vidre respublikuri an saerTaSoriso gzebis qselebi.5

cxrili 1: saqarTvelos sagzao qselis mdgomareoba

gzis kategoria kargi normaluri cudi Zalian cudi sulsaerTaSoriso gzebi 80% 13% 4% 3% 1,564Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebi 26% 12% 8% 54%6 5,446adgilobrivi gzebi 5% 10% 10% 75% 13,386

wyaro: msoflio bankis mier Segrovebuli monacemebi

8. 2007 wlamde adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebaze pasuxismgebeli iyo gzebis departamenti, Semdeg am gzebis marTvis pasuxismgebloba gadaeca 67 municipalitets. unda aRiniSnos, rom municipalitetebis resursebi sakmaod SezRudulia movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis saTanadod samarTavad. amasTan, maT ar aqvT movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis marTvis gamocdileba, radgan es 5 unda aRiniSnos, rom zusti monacemebi adgilobrivi sagzao qselis Sesaxeb, misi mdgomareobis da movla-SekeTebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs, vinaidan am gzebze pasuxismgebloba 2007 wels gadaeca municipalitetebs, imis gamo, rom centralur doneze ar arsebobs saWiro monacemebis Segrovebaze pasuxismgebeli samsaxuri an saministro. amdenad, warmodgenili monacemebi efuZneba gzebis departamentis mier miaxloebiT gansazRvrul monacemebs, romlebic efuZneba 2007 wlamde arsebul monacemebs, da ramdenime municipalitetidan mopovebuli monacemebis analizs.6cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli am Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis didi nawili manamde adgilobrivi gzebi iyo, romlebic ukanaskneli ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi Sidasaxelmwifoebriv gzebad gadakeTda.

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pasuxismgebloba mxolod oTxi wlis win miiRes. naTelia, rom movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel kontraqtorTan urTierTobisas municipalitetebis warmomadgenlebi didwilad arian maTze damokidebuli movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebisa da yovelTviuri samuSao gegmebis momzadebisas.

9. saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi amJamad kerZo kontraqtorebis mier xorcieldeba. kerZo kontraqtorebis umetesoba Camoyalibda gzebis departamentis saSemkeTeblo sadgurebis bazaze, 90-iani wlebis bolos maTi privatizebis Sedegad. isini ZiriTadad muSaoben Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi da saerTaSoriso gzebis reabilitaciasa da movla-SekeTebaze, Tumca zogierTi maTgani CarTulia adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebaSi. maTi teqnikis didi nawili Zvelia da miRebulia mTvarobisagan privatizaciis Semdeg. zogierTma kontraqtorma SeiZina axali aRWurviloba, Tumca es teqnika ZiriTadad sareabilitacio samuSaoebisTvis aris gansazRvruli, xolo movla-SekeTebisaTvis saWiro teqnika sakmaod mwiria. (adgilobrivi) gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis mimzidveloba gansakuTrebiT gamowveulia imiT, rom kontraqtorebi reabilitaciis samuSaoebis nakleb intensiuri periodis ganmavlobaSi agrZeleben TanamSromlebisa da teqnikis dakavebas. kontraqtorebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa zamTris movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi, radgan es aZlevs zamTarSi Semosavlis miRebis SesaZleblobas da zamTris naklebad intensiuri periodis ganmavlobaSi TanamSromlebis dasaqmebis SenarCunebas, ar uwevT TanamSromlebis droebiT daTxovna da ar aqvT maT swavlebaSi ganxorcielebuli investiciebis dakargvis riski. aseve Zalian popularulia cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis asfaltis safaris SekeTeba, radgan es samuSaoebi SedarebiT met kapitals moiTxovs da mcire menejmentis xarjs saWiroebs. sxva mravali saqmianobis SemTxvevaSi, gamokiTxulma kontraqtorebis TqmiT, menejmentis xarji maRalia, rac xSirad danakargebs iwvevs. miuxedavad imisa, rom rutinuli movla-SekeTeba kontraqtorebis brunvis mxolod 5-10%-s Seadgens, is mainc iTvleba stabiluri Semosavlis wyarod, romelic maT uwyveti saqmianobis da kvalificiuri muSakebis dasaqmebis kontraqtebis subsidirebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. is aseve ganixileba, rogorc kontraqtorebis damqiravebel organizaciebTan kargi urTierTobis damyarebisa da reabilitaciisaTvis momgebiani kontraqtebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.

10. Tumca, Zalian dabalia konkurenciis done gzebis rutinul movla-SekeTebaSi, xSirad tenderze mxolod erTi predententia warmodgenili, da kontraqtorebs Soris xdeba SeTanxmeba, Tu vin romeli rutinuli gzis SesakeTeblad Seitans ganacxads, da Sedegad, rogorc wesi, mxolod erTi ganacxadia Setanili adgilobrivi gzis SesakeTeblad gamocxadebul tenderze. miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis SemTxvevaSi kontraqtorebis 20% unda icvlebodes yovelwliurad, rogorc Cans, ase ar xdeba adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi, da ZiriTadad kontraqtebi erTsa da imave kontraqtorTan ideba. amdenad, kontraqtorebTan urTierToba mcired Seicvala, miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi damqiravebeli axla gzebis departamenti ki ara, adgilobrivi municipalitetia. Tumca, imis gamo, rom municipalitetebs ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi gamocdileba da SesaZleblobebi, kontraqtorebi axerxeben didi zegavlenis moxdenas kontraqtebisa da samuSao gegmebis Sedgenisas.

11. adgilobrivi gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebisaTvis municipalitetebi ar iReben raime saxis konkretul dafinansebas centraluri mTavrobidan, amdenad, yvela saxis rutinuli movla-SekeTeba finansdeba adgilobrivi biujetidan (municipalitetebs centraluri biujetidan garkveuli Tanxebi gamoeyofa

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investiciebis gansaxorcieleblad, maT Soris, perioduli movla-SekeTebisa da reabilitaciisaTvis). gzebis movla-SekeTebaze adgilobrivi biujetis saxsrebis procentuli moculoba ganisazRvreba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier, da gansxvavebulia municipalitetebis mixedviT. municipalitetebis mesamedi 10 000 larze naklebs xarjavs adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebaze da mxolod maTi 15% xarjavs 400 000 larze mets. saSualod, dafinansebis done Zalian dabalia da 2010 wlis monacemebis mixedviT utoldeba wliurad 800 lars erT kilometrze (10,800,000 lari yvela municipalitetisaTvis 13 386 km adgilobrivi gzebis dasafarad).

12. es monacemi unda SevadaroT saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebisaTvis gzebis departamentis xelT arsebul saxsrebs, risTvisac jamurad 170 mln lari iyo gamoyofili 2009 wels, saidanac daaxloebiT 15% moxmarda rutinul movla-SekeTebas, zamTris periodSi movla-SekeTebis CaTvliT, rac Seadgens daaxloebiT 3,650 lars erT kilometrze, jamSi 7,000 km-ze meti sigrZis qselisaTvis (ganxorcielebuli investiciebis moculoba Zlier gansxvavdeba, Seswavlili kontraqtebis mixedviT es maCvenebeli meryeobs 3,300 lari/km-dan 8,800 lari/km-mde).

13. municipalitetebis xelT arsebuli SekeTebisTvis gankuTvnili saxsrebis simwiris gamo movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi mimarTulia sagazao qselis mxolod nawilze. magaliTad, goris municipalitetSi erT-erT municipalitetSi, sadac gzebis movla-SekeTebisaTvis gamoyofili iyo 400,000 lari, movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi Cautarda mxolod sagzao qselis 40%-s, rac ZiriTadad asfaltis safariani gzebis movla-SekeTebiT Semoifargleboda. goris municipalitetSi erT kilometrze SesakeTeblad gaRebuli xarji saSualod 1 450 lari iyo 2009 da 2010 wlebSi (580 000 lari 400 km. adgilobrivi gzebisaTvis), Tumca, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am Tanxebis didi nawili moxmarda adgilobrivi sagzao qselis mxolod 40%-s, realurad es Tanxa kilometrze 3 600 lars utoldeba, rac Zalian axlos dgas saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis erTi kilometris movla-SekeTebisaTvis ganxorcielebul investiciasTan. es sakiTxi erovnul konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT, sadac municipalitetebis erT mesameds (mag. sagarejo) 2010 wels TiTqmis ar ganuxorcielebia gzebis movla-SekeTebis investiciebi.

14. saqarTveloSi sagzao departamentma gamoarCia 109 rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZieba da isini Catarebuli RonisZiebebis mixedviT 6 kategoriad daajgufa, rac aseve qmnis safuZvels adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebisTvis. aRniSnuli 109 RonisZiebidan yvela ar aisaxeba TiTeul kontraqtSi, da saerTod, SekeTebis samuSaoebis kontraqtebi mxolod 60-80 maTgans Seexeba (rogorc wesi, adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebi nakleb RonisZiebebs moicavs). qvemoT mocemulia movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis dafinansebis da rutinuli movla-SekeTebis sxvadasxva kategoriebze gadanawilebis magaliTi rogorc goris municipalitetSi adgilobrivi sagzao qselisTvis, aseve goris regionSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sagzao qselebisaTvis.

cxrili 2: rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis xarjebi saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebisaTvis (lari da %)

movla-SekeTebis RonisZieba adgilobrivi gzebi(401 km)7

saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi

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gzebi (217.7km)sagzao konstruqciebis movla-SekeTeba 97,871 21.2% 54,100 3.5%xelovnuli konstruqciebis movla-SekeTeba 8,926 1.9% 3,500 0.2%savali nawilis movla-SekeTeba 306,912 66.5% 504,500 32.6%moZraobis regulirebis teqnikuri saSualebebis movla-SekeTeba 26,301 5.7% 144,760 9.3%sardeni nagebobebis SekeTeba 0 0.0% 6,600 0.4%mcire moculobis samuSaoebi 0 0.0% 1,800 0.1%gzis sarezervo mcenareulobis marTvaRoad reserve vegetation management

6,635 1.4% 30,000 1.9%zamTarSi gzebis movla-SekeTeba 15,081 3.3% 804,000 51.9%sul (dRg-s da gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebis garda) 461,726 100.00% 1,549,260 100.0%

wyaro: rutinuli movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebi

15. gzebis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobisa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mier gzebis gaumjobesebis dabejiTebiT moTxovnis Sedegad, gzebis movla-SekeTebisTvis dafinanseba gamoeyo cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis, kerZod, gzis safaris SesakeTeblad. adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis biujetis 65%-ze meti daixarja gzis safaris SekeTebaze, saidanac 40%-ze meti moxmarda moasfaltebul gzebze sakereblebis Cakerebas da bzarebis amovsebas, 15-20% moxmarda safaris gareSe an Zalian dabali xarisxis asfaltis safaris mqone gzebis moxreSvas, 5-10% moxmarda gzis safuZvlis SekeTebas. zamTris periodSi ganxorcielebuli samuSaoebis danaxarjebi Zalian dabalia (biujetis 3%), Tumca am mimarTulebiT Seswavlilia mxolod erTi municipalitetis kontraqti. rac Seexeba imave regionSi saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis SekeTebas, zamTris periodSi SekeTebis maCveneblebi ufro TvalsaCinoa da kontraqtis Rirebulebis naxevars Seadgens. es unda mianiSnebdes, rom zamTris periodSi movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi ar Sedioda kontraqtSi biujetis simwirisa da gzis safaris remontze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis gamo.

16. movla-SekeTebis mimdinare kontraqtebi gaweuli samuSaos safuZvelze iqmneba, rac imas niSnavs, rom kontraqtorebs Tanxa unazRaurdebaT maT mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos mixedviT, an gamoyenebuli resursebis safuZvelze. kontraqti Seicavs samuSaoebis xarjTaRricxvas, sadac ganmartebulia Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis moculoba 109-dan TiTeuli saremonto RonisZiebisaTvis da aseve, erTeulis fasebi. aseTi kontraqtebis farglebSi riski kontraqtoris damqiravebel uwyebaze gadadis, radgan fasebis nebismieri zrda dauyovnebliv gamoiwvevs erTeulis fasze xelaxal molaparakebas kontraqtoris mxridan. aseve, saWiro samuSaoebis moculobis zrda gamoiwvevs damatebiT xarjebsa da dafinansebas, an arsebuli finansebis xelaxal gadanawilebas sxvadasxva saremonto samuSaoebze. aseTi kontraqtebis farglebSi maRalia aseve zedamxedvelobis tvirTi, radgan, saWiroa yovelTviurad samuSao gegmebisa da Sesabamisi samuSaoebis xarjTaRricxvis momzadeba, sadac ganmartebuli iqneba Sesasrulebeli samuSaos saxeoba da moculoba. amave dros, unda moxdes wina Tvis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli samuSaos inspeqtireba, unda Sefasdes samuSaos xarisxi da dasrulebuli samuSaos moculoba da daangariSdes Sesabamisi anazRaureba. municipalur doneze inspeqtorTa SedarebiT mcire raodenobis da sxva infrastruqturis SemowmebaSi maTi

7 Tumca, movla-SekeTebis investiciis didi nawili mimarTuli iyo moasfaltebuli gzebis 160 km-ze.

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monawileobis gamo, unda vivaraudoT, rom am inspeqtorebs zedmetad gadatvirTuli samuSao grafiki aqvT.

17. cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis gaumjobesebaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis gamo, im gzebze, romlebic ukanasknel xans garemontda, an jer kidev karg mdgomareobaSia, ar xorcieldeba raime saxis movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi. amis argumentad iSvelieben imas, rom mimdebare dasaxlebebs gaumarTla da ukve aqvT kargi gza, da rom am teritoriebze movla0SekeTebis samuSaoebisTvis damatebiTi saxsrebis gamoyofa ver iqneboda gamarTlebuli. Tumca, aseTi midgoma aRniSnuli gzebis mdgomareobis swraf gauaresebas gamoiwvevs da gazrdis momavalSi dazianebuli gzebis saremonto xarjebs. amdenad, mosalodnelia saerTo movla-SekeTebis xarjebis gazrda da gzebis saSualo mdgomareobis gauareseba, vinaidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis mdgomareoba uaresdeba maSin, roca mxolod cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SekeTeba mimdinareobs da isic mxolod sakereblebis dadebiT, maSin, roca saWiroa asfaltis gadageba an srulmasStabiani sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Catareba.

karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis saTanado movla-SekeTeba

18. cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis safaris Seremontebaze aqcentis gamo xdeba karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis ugulebelyofa, rac sagzao aqtivebis Rirebulebis Semcirebas iwvevs. daCqardeba axlad reabilitirebuli gzebis gauareseba, rac gamoiwvevs naadrev dazianebasa da gaxSirebul saremonto samuSaoebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis zrdas, aseve momxmareblis xarjebis zrdas. Sesabamisad Semcirdeba wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba da Semosavlis Sida ekonomikuri koeficienti (EIRR) proeqtis momzadebis procesSi gaTvaliswinebul gaangariSebebTan SedarebiT, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saTanado da drouli movla-SekeTeba.

karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli SekeTebis prioritetad dasaxva

19. movla-SekeTebis xarjebSi da wminda mimdinare RirebulebaSi (NPV) saTanado da drouli movla-SekeTebis Sedegianobis sailustraciod, HDM-IV-s gamoyenebiT Catarda erTgvari modelireba. modelireba Seexo karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul, adgilobriv moasfaltebul gzas (IRI 3.0) , romlis safaris sigane 6 m-ia, saavtomobilo moZraobis done Seesabameba 500 AADT –s, xolo moZraobis zrdis koeficienti 4%--s, Sefasebis vada – 20 wels, da diskontis koeficienti 12%-s. simulaciaSi moxda ori scenaris Sedareba: erTi -rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe da rekonstruqciis IRI 16.0 indeqsiT, da meore - rutinuli movla-SekeTebis CaTvliT. rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe Sedgenil scenarSi gzis mdgomareoba uaresdeba da cud dones aRwevs 2025 wlisaTvis, xolo Zalian cud dones – 2027 wlisaTvis, sadac IRI 16.0 indeqsiT rekonstruqcia dagegmilia 2028 wels. perioduli, ganmeorebiTi movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi gzis safaris gauaresebis procesi Seneldeba da cud mdgomareobas miaRwevs mxolod 2029 wels, da ar iqneba saWiro sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebis Catareba mTeli Sesafasebeli vadis ganmavlobaSi.

7


20. organizaciis xarjebis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba movla-SekeTebis gareSe 31,300 aSS dollars aRwevs kilometrze da es ZiriTadad rekonstruqciis xarjebis gamo xdeba, radgan rutinuli movla-SekeTebis xarji 6,700 aSS dolaria kilometrze. gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis mimdinare Rirebuleba 977,300 aSS dolaria kilometrze rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe, maSin, roca rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gzis kargi mdgomareobis gamo es xarji mcirdeba 954,00 aSS dolaramde kilometrze. rutinuli movla-SekeTebis ganxorcielebas Sedegad moaqvs satransporto xarjebis Semcireba (organizaciisa da gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis jami) 47,900 aSS dolariT (1,008,600 aSS dolari/km-dan 960,700 aSS dolari/km-mde) saangariSo periodisaTvis (amJamindeli SefasebiT), saidanac 24,600 aSS dolari/km warmoadgens rutinuli movla-SekeTebis xarjebis danazogs, xolo 23,300 aSS dolari/km warmoadgens gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis danazogs.

21. SeiZleba kidev ufro Semcirdes mTliani satransporto xarji, Tu gzis safari daigeba maSin, sanam gza jer kidev damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSia (roca IRI indeqsi meryeobs 5-sa da 6-s Soris), rac gazrdis movla-SekeTebis xarjebs, magram mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs gzis momxmarebelTa xarjs. Sedegad, saangariSo periodisaTvis kidev ufro Semcirdeba satransporto xarjebi 960,700 aSS dolari/km-dan 959,300 aSS dolari/km-mde (3%-ani Semcireba), Tumca es gulisxmobs movla-SekeTebisTvis damatebiTi dafinansebis saWiroebas, romelic imave periodSi izrdeba 6,700 aSS dolari/km-dan 31,400 aSS dolari/km-mde (4-jerze metad izrdeba).

grafiki 1: uswormasworobis progresia karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis movla-SekeTebis sxvadasxva scenaris mixedviT (IRI indeqsi 3.0)

20102012

20142016

20182020

20222024

20262028

20300

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Without routine maintenanceWith routine maintenancewith RM and overlay IRI 5.5

IRI

cxrili 3. mimdinare Rirebuleba (000 aSS dol./km) karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisaTvis SekeTebis sxvadasxva scenaris mixedviT (IRI indeqsi 3.0)

SekeTebis scenari organiz.

xarjebi

gzis momxmareblis xarji

mTliani satransporto

xarji

NPV zRvruli mogeba

rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe

31.3 977.3 1008.6 0.0 0.0

mxolod rutinuli movla-SekeTeba

6.7 954.0 960.7 47.9 8.2

RM da safaris gadageba IRI 5.5

31.4 928.0 959.3 49.3 2.6

8


22. imis gamo, rom SekeTebis samuSaoebis biujeti yovelTvis SezRudulia, mniSvnelovani iqneba sxvadasxva movla-SekeTebis investiciebis zRvruli mogebis ganxilva xarjebisa da sargeblis koeficientis TvalsazrisiT, sadac xarjebSi moiazreba movla-SekeTebis konkretul scenarTan dakavSirebuli SekeTebis xarjebi, xolo sargebelSi aisaxeba rogorc (movla-SekeTebis gareSe) scenarTan dakavSirebuli saremonto xarjebis, aseve momxmarebelTa xarjebis Semcireba sabaziso scenarTan mimarTebaSi. aRniSnuli zRvruli mogeba faqtobrivad gviCvenebs, Tu ra odenobis ukugebas iZleva movla-SekeTebaSi Cadebuli 1 aSS dolaris odenobis investicia mTliani saremonto xarjebis Semcirebis saxiT da/an gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis Semcirebis saxiT. SekeTebis sxvadasxva scenaris mixedviT zRvruli mogeba SeiZleba daangariSdes qvemoT moyvanili formulis mixedviT:

zRvruli mogeba = MCZiriTadi + (RUCZiriTadi – RUCalternatiuli)MCalternatiuli

sadac:: MC = movla-SekeTebis xarjiRUC = gzis momxmareblis xarjiZiriTadi = ZiriTadi scenari (SekeTebis gareSe)alternatiuli = alternatiuli scenari

23. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul adgilobriv gzebze rutinuli movla-SekeTebis ganxorcielebis zRvruli mogeba Zalian maRalia da 8.2-s utoldeba, radgan rutinul movla-SekeTebas Sedegad moaqvs rogorc mTliani saremonto xarjebis Semcireba, aseve gzebis momxmarebelTa xarjebis Semcireba. es niSnavs, rom karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzis rutinul movla-SekeTebaSi ganxorcielebuli 1 aSS dolaris investicia gamoiwvevs 8 aSS dolaris dazogvas satransporto xarjebSi (danazogis naxevari exeba gzis momxmareblebs, xolo meore naxevari movla-Senaxvis xarjebs). zRvruli mogeba im scenaris pirobebSi, roca aseve xorcieldeba gzis safaris gadageba, mniSvnelovnad dabalia da 2.6-s utoldeba imis gamo, rom ar icvleba movla-Senaxvis xarjebi (mogeba mxolod momxmarebelTa dabali xarjiTaa gamowveuli). es niSnavs, rom SezRuduli saremonto saxsrebis pirobebSi, sagzao qselis did nawilSi rutinuli movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis Catarebis sargebeli ufro maRali iqneba, vidre rutinuli movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi sagzao sqelis mcire nawilSi mxolod gzis safaris dagebisas. roca movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis dafinanseba ar aris mkacrad SezRuduli, damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze safaris gadagebis CarTviT SesaZlebelia udidesi saerTo sargeblis miReba.

24. zemoT aRwerili simulaciebis kvaldakval naTeli xdeba, rom saTanado da drouli rutinuli movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis Catareba karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze mniSvnelovnad amcirebs saerTo saremonto xarjebs, rac gamowveulia imiT, rom maRalxarjiani movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis naklebi saWiroeba iqneba. SesaZlebelia rekonstruqciis samuSaoebis saWiroeba ramdenime wliT gadavaddes, xolo perioduli movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebis Catarebis saWiroeba ki mxolod erT an or weliwadSi dadges (SeiZleba ufro xSiradac, konkretul SemTxvevebSi). garda amisa, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis Sedegad gzebis saSualod gaumjobesebuli mdgomareoba (gzebis kargi mdgomareoba SenarCundeba didi xniT) iwvevs gzebis momxmareblebisTvis xarjebis mniSvnelovan Semcirebas, rac mTliani satransporto xarjebis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens (savaraudod,

9


saremonto xarjebi mTliani satransporto xarjebis odenobis 5%-ze naklebia). msgavsi yovelmxriv momgebiani situacia Zalian mosawonia da naTel dadasturebas warmoadgens karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis prioritetad dasaxvisaTvis. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinul movla-SekeTebaSi ganxorcielebul investiciebze maRali zRvruli mogeba aseve niSnavs, rom movla-SekeTebis SezRuduli saxsrebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki maT unda mieniWos prioriteti – aseT saqmianobas SeiZleba ar mohyves Sedegad umaRlesi mogeba gzis yovel kilometrze, Tumca maTi meSveobiT miiReba udidesi mogeba TiTeuli investirebuli dolaris sanacvlod, xolo SezRuduli biujetis pirobebSi, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis movla-SekeTebaSi ganxorcielebuli investicia maqsimalurad zrdis mogebas.

cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis prioritetad dasaxva

25. miuxedavad imisa, rom gasagebia, ratom xdeba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis prioritetad dasaxva, gansakuTrebiT ki socialuri wnexis fonze, roca didia moTxovna Znelad misadgomi gzebis remontisTvis Tanxebis gamoyofis Taobaze, am midgomis ekonomikuri sargebeli bevrad dabalia. Tumca, rasakvirvelia, naTelia, rom cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebi SekeTebas moiTxovs, aseTi gzebis rutinul movla-SekeTebaSi ganxorcielebuli investicia realurad ar aumjobesebs gzis mdgomareobas, mxolod aferxebs mis kidev ufro gauaresebas. rutinuli movla-SekeTebis Semdegac ki gza cud mdgomareobaSi rCeba, xolo gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebi ar mcirdeba.

26. mTavar problemas asfaltis `Cakerebis” Sesaxeb wamoyenebuli winadadeba warmoadgens, rac ar aris cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis saukeTeso gamosavali. maSin, roca karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze sakereblebis dadeba Tavidan agvacilebs gzis fundamentis dazianebas da vargisianobas uxangrZlivebs arsebul asfaltis safars, aseve, gvexmareba ufro didi xniT SevinarCunoT gza karg mdgomareobaSi; cud mdgomareobaSi myof gzebze asfaltis safari, rogorc wesi, Zalian didi xnisaa (xSirad damoukideblobis miRebamde periodis) da ufro swrafad ziandeba, vidre bolo dros SekeTebuli gzebis safari. es ki imas niSnavs, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom asfaltis sakereblebi droebiT agvarebs gzebze ormoebisa da Rrmulebis problemas, amovsebuli Rrmulebis garSemo darCenili asfaltis Zveli safari swrafad agrZelebs dazianebas da axal ormoebs aCens. wyali advilad aRwevs da azianebs gzis safuZvels, rasac safari uWiravs, xolo Sedegad, ara mxolod axali ormoebis gaCena Cqardeba, aramed cota xnis win amovsebuli Rrmulebic sustdeba da ziandeba.

10


suraTi 1.: Zveli moasfaltebuli gzebis mravaljeradi `dakerebis” magaliTi

27. Zveli asfaltis safariani, cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis mimarT ufro efeqturi da nayofieri midgomaa mTlianad asfaltis safaris gamocvla. gzis mdgomareobisa da gzis safuZvlis mdgomareobis mixedviT, aRniSnuli RonisZieba moicavs an asfaltis axali safaris gadagebas, an gzis srul reabilitacias safuZvlis gamagrebis CaTvliT. miuxedavad imisa, rom gansaxorcieleblad es ufro xarjiani RonisZiebaa, aqedan gamomdinare ekonomikuri sargebeli, rac momxmareblis xarjebis SemcirebaSi mdgomareobs, ufro maRalia. garda amisa, aseTi Carevis Semdeg mcirdeba rutinuli movla-SekeTebis xarji, rac sxva gzebis movla-SekeTebisTvis Tanxebs gamoaTavisuflebs, da gazrdis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis masStabs adgilobrivi sagzao qselebisTvis.

28. HDM-IV –s meSveobiT cud mdgomareobaSi (IRI 8.0) arsebuli gzebisTvis ganxorcielda simulacia. gansazRvruli iyo, rom rekonstruqcia8 Catardeboda mas Semdeg, rac gzis uswormasworoba miaRwevda IRI 16.0-s. rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe ganxilul SemTxvevaSi, am mdgomareobis miRweva SesaZlebeli gaxda 2020 wlisaTvis, maSin, roca rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gaTvaliswinebul scenarSi am maCveneblis miRweva mxolod 2027 wlisTvis iyo SesaZlebeli. miuxedavad imisa, rom rutinuli movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi aferxebs gzis mdgomareobis gauaresebas, da amcirebs rekonstruqciamde gzis momxmarebelTa wliur xarjebs, es xarjebi mainc maRal macvenebelze rCeba dasawyisSive gzis cudi mdgomareobis gamo. rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe ganxilul SemTxvevaSi, 2020 wels Catarebulma rekonstruqciam gamoiwvia gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis mniSvnelovani Semcireba, maSin, roca movla-SekeTebis gaTvaliswinebiT Sedgenil scenarSi gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis Semcireba daiwyo mxolod 2027 wlidan, anu rekonstruqciis Semdeg. Sedegad, gzebis SekeTebis xarjebis arsebuli Rirebuleba ufro maRali iyo rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe ganxilul SemTxvevaSi; Sedegad, gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis mniSvnelovani Semcireba dafiqsirda gzis rekonstruqciis Semdeg, mTliani satransporto xarjic dabali iyo rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe ganxilul SemTxvevaSi, vidre movla-SekeTebis gaTvaliswinebiT Sedgenil scenarSi, sadac gadavadebul iqna sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebi. yvelaze dabali satransporto

8 gzis perioduli movla-SekeTeba (gadageba) ar iqna mizanSewonilad miCneuli, gzis cudi mdgomareobis gamo.

11


xarjebi dafiqsirda rutinuli movla-SekeTebisa da adreuli rekonstruqciis kombinaciis SemTxvevaSi IRI 10.0 –ze. (ix. grafiki da cxrili qvemoT).

29. cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebSi investiciebis zRvruli mogebis daangariSebisas Cven naTlad vxedavT gazrdil satransporto xarjebs, rac mxolod rutinuli movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi sargebelisa da xarjebis uaryofiT saldos iZleva. realurad es niSnavs, rom rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebSi ganxorcielebuli 1 aSS dolaris odenobis investicia iwvevs satransporto xarjebis zrdas 20 wliani saangariSo periodis ganmavlobaSi. zRvruli sargeblis maCvenebeli dadebiTia mxolod maSin, Tu rekonstruqciasTan IRI 10.0 aris kombinirebuli. maSinac ki, zRvruli sargeblis zrda ZiriTadad gamowveulia rekonstruqciiT da mxolod mcired aris damokidebuli rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebze. es niSnavs, rom unda moxdes cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rekonstruqcia, sadac rekonstruqciis dro da vada damokidebuli unda iyos gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebsa da rekonstruqciis xarjebze.

cxrili 2. uswormasworobis progresia cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisaTvis movla-SekeTebis sxvadasxva scenaris mixedviT (IRI indeqsi 8.0)

20102012

20142016

20182020

20222024

20262028

20300

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Without routine maintenanceWith routine maintenancewith RM and reconstruction at IRI 10.0

IRI

Table 1:

Table 2:

cxrili 4: mimdinare Rirebuleba (000 aSS dol./km) cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisaTvis movla-SekeTebis sxvadasxva scenaris mixedviT (IRI indeqsi 8.0)

movla-SekeTebis scenari organizaciis xarji

gzis momxmareblis xarji

mTliani satransporto

xarji

NPV zRvruli mogeba

rutinuli movla-SekeTebis gareSe

72.6 1113.7 1186.3 0.0 0.0

mxolod rutinuli movla-SekeTeba

38.3 1213.8 1252.0 -65.8 -0.7

RM da rekonstruqcia IRI 10.0 128.7 988.5 1117.2 69.1 1.5

30. cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebs mxolod maSin aqvs azri, roca SeuZlebelia sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebis dauyovnebliv dawyeba. Tu, magaliTad, mxolod zemoT mocemul

12


rekonstruqciamde periods ganvixilavT (2010-2020), vnaxavT, rom rutinuli movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi iwvevs saremonto xarjebis mxolod mcirediT zrdas maSin, roca mniSvnelovnad amcirebs momxmarebelTa xarjebs, da zRvruli sargebeli 6,5-s utoldeba (rac xarjebis dazogvasac gulisxmobs daax. 6.5 aSS dolaris odenobiT yovel 1 aSS dolar investiciaze). unda aRiniSnos, rom am TavSi aRwerili simulaciebi met-naklebad fiqsirebul xarjebs gamoxatavs rutinuli movla-SekeTebis yoveli kilometrisaTvis, maSin, roca realurad, cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis xarjebi yovel kilometrze mniSvnelovnad maRalia, vidre karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis zRvruli sargebeli bevrad dabali iqneba da daaxloebiT 3-s miaRwevs.

31. miuxedavad imisa, rom rekonstruqcia saukeTeso alternativaa da Sedegad Seamcirebs mTlian satransporto xarjebs, im SemTxvevebSi, sadac misi (dauyovnebeli) ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia, gonivrulia rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis CatarebaSi investireba. unda aRiniSnos, isic rom zRvruli sargebeli sagrZnoblad dabalia, vidre karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi. rodesac rutinuli movla-SekeTebis SezRuduli saxsrebi ar iZleva adgilobrivi sagzao qselis srulad dafarvis saSualebas, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis prioritetis miniWeba ufro maRal sargebel moitans TiToeul investirebul dolarze gadaangariSebiT (2-3 jer ufro maRali sargebeli erTsa da imave sainvesticio Tanxaze), amave dros, TiTeul kilometrze SedarebiT dabali movla-Senaxvis xarjebis gamo, uzrunvelyofs saremonto samuSaoebis mier ufro didi farTobis dafarvas.

32. roca gzis safaris dasagebad an reabilitaciisaTvis saWiro saxsrebi ar aris xelmisawvdomi uaxloes periodSi, unda Catardes asfaltis “CakerebiT” miRebuli sargebelis ekonomikuri analizi. mosalodnelia, rom araekonomiuri gaxdes dazianebuli Zveli asfaltis narCenebi, radgan es iwvevs amovsebuli Rrmulebis garSemo gzis gauaresebas satransporto nakadebis simciresTan erTad. unda iTqvas, rom asfaltis “Cakerebis” xarjebi ufro maRalia, vidre is ekonomikuri sargebeli, rasac momxmarebelTa xarjebisa da samomavlod saremonto xarjebis Semcireba iZleva. imis gamo, rom gzaze ormoebi kvlav swrafad gaCndeba, momxmareblis xarji mxolod droebiT Semcirdeba, xolo ZviradRirebuli saremonto samuSaoebis Catareba isev saWiro gaxdeba momaval welsac. msgavs cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze asfaltis safaris an reabilitaciis dafinanseba ar aris xelmisawvdomi mokle vadaSi, xolo ekonomikurad ufro dasabuTebuli midgoma SesaZloa ormoebis RorRiT amovseba iyos (garkveul doneze aseTi ram ukve ganxorcielda Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze).

33. miuxedavad imisa, rom es midgoma, SesaZloa, naklebad popularuli iyos, xSirad aucilebeli xdeba arsebuli cudi mdgomareobidan Tavis dasaRwevad, roca Zlier dazianebuli gzebis mcire nawilis SekeTeba wliurad did danaxarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli da mdgomareoba mxolod mcire xniT umjobesdeba, da roca karg mdgomareobaSi myofi gzebi `miSvebulia”, rac maT reabilitaciaSi Cadebuli investiciebis dakargvas iwvevs. sabolood ki sagzao qselis saSualo mdgomareoba realurad uaresdeba.

34. zemoT aRweril simulaciaSi naTelia, rom cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinul movla-SekeTebas azri aqvs mxolod maSin, roca sarekonstruqcio saxsrebi xelmisawvdomi ar aris. Tumca, cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisziebebisTvis ganxorcielebuli investiciis TiToeul erTeulze miRebuli sargebeli bevrad dabalia, vidre karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi. roca SeuZlebelia rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebiT mTliani sagzao qselis dafarva, prioriteti unda mieniWos karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzas, rasac maRal sargebelTan mivyavarT.

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daskvna

35. rom SevajamoT, movla-SekeTebis mimdinare praqtika, romelic cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebis SekeTebazea mimarTuli, iwvevs mTliani adgilobrivi sagzao qselis saSualo mdgomareobis gauaresebas da ukanasknel periodSi reabilitirebul gzebze aqtivebis Rirebulebis swraf vardnas, romlebic amJamad ignorirebulia. cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba zrdis saremonto xarjebs erT kilometrze da amcirebs SezRuduli biujetis pirobebSi saremonto samuSaoebiT dafarvis areals. Tumca, arsebuli safaris siZvelis gamo, gzis gaumjobeseba xdeba Zalian mcire xniT. mocemuli midgomas Tanaxmad, bolo dros reabilitirebuli gzebi `miSvebulia” da ufro swrafad uaresdeba movla-SekeTebis naklebobis gamo, da mxolod maSin miipyrobs yuradRebas, roca savalalo mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba. es mankieri cikli unda dairRves, xolo adgilobrivi sagzao qseli unda gaumjobesdes da gafarTovdes saremonto samuSaoebis mocvis areali.

36. winamdebare angariSSi warmodgenilia rekomendacia, rom adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebaze gakeTebuli aqcenti gadatanil iqnas karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze. am gzebTan dakavSirebuli movla-SekeTebis dabali xarjebi da maRali zRvruli sargebeli saSualebas mogvcems gavzardoT saremonto samuSaoebis areali da miviRoT ufro maRali ekonomikuri sargebeli. amave dros, es Seanelebs gauaresebis process, Seamcirebs mTlian saremonto xarjebs grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi da gazrdis ganxiluli gzebis eqspluataciis vadas. Semcirebuli saremonto xarji gamoaTavisuflebs saxsrebs momavalSi sxva gzebis dasafinanseblad, riTac gazrdis movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis mocvis areals.37. cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis mimarT rekomendebulia, rom ufro efeqturi da nayofieri RonisZiebebi ganxorcieldes, rogoricaa, safaris mTlianad gamocvla an reabilitacia. sadac amis gakeTeba finansurad SeuZlebelia mokle vadaSi, rekomendebulia asfaltis `Cakerebis” xarjebisa da sargeblis daangariSeba da RorRiT amovsebis variantis ganxilvac.

38. adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebisadmi arsebuli midgoma TiTqmis mTlianad emyareba myisier saWiroebebsa da socialur wnexs. igi ufro grZelvadian ekonomikur xedvad unda Camoyalibdes, romelic grZelvadian miznad daisaxavs: movla-SekeTebis xarjebis Semcirebas, da gzis momxmarebelTa xarjebis Semcirebas erT kilometrze, saremonto samuSaoebis masStabis zrdas, da amavdroulad, uzrunvelyofs ZiriTad xelmisawvdomobas uaxloes momavalSi9.

39. miuxedavad imisa, rom winamdebare angariSSi calsaxad ar iyo ganxiluli damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, unda aRiniSnos, rom damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SekeTebidan miRebuli zRvruli sargebeli Zalian maRalia. mocemul etapze uamravi patara ormo da Rrmuli Cndeba gzebze, romlis reagirebis gareSe datovebac gamoiwvevs gzis safuZvlis dazianebas da Tavad gzis daCqarebul gauaresebas. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania safaris garemonteba, rac mdgomareobis gauaresebas da ufro 9 zogadi xelmisawvdomoba gulisxmobs minimalur standarts, nebismieri amindisTvis gamosadeg moxreSil gzas. amavdroulad aRsaniSnavia, rom zogadi xelmisawvdomoba ar niSnavs imas, rom TiToeuli gza aris moqnili, aramed imas, rom TiToeul sofels an Tems sul mcire erTi gza aqvs, romlis gamoyenebac nebismier amindSia SesaZlebeli.

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ZviradRirebuli saremonto samuSaoebis saWiroebas agvaridebs. Tumca, imis gamo, rom xorcieldeba SedarebiT ZviradRirebuli, safaris SekeTebis RonisZiebebi, izrdeba movla-SekeTebis xarjebi, rac amcirebs investiciis zRvrul sargebels karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebTan SedarebiT, sadac ZiriTadad dabali danaxarjebiT xorcieldeba prevenciuli zomebis gatareba. Tumca, Tu saxsrebi xelmisawvdomia karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-Senaxvis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, saWiroa, rom prioriteti mieniWos saSualo mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebs, sadac investiciis zRvruli sargebeli bevrad ufro maRalia, vidre cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi. 10

10 gzis perioduli movla-SekeTeba (gadageba) ar CaiTvala gamarTlebulad, gzis cudi mdgomareobis gamo.

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2. ganxorcielebis saTanado meqanizmebi40. am TavSi ganxilulia cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis midgomidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebaze gadasvlis Sedegebi, gansakuTrebiT ganxorcilebis yvelaze marTebuli meqanizmebis kuTxiT. ganxilulia is RonisZiebebi, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze, axsnilia, rom am RonisZiebebis yairaTianad da efeqturad ganxorcielebisTvis saWiroa muSaxelis mniSvnelovnad ufro didi resursi, da Sedegad miRebuli aqcentis gadatana movla-SekeTebis teqnikaze dafuZnebuli meTodidan muSaxelze dafuZnebul movla-SekeTebis meTodze. am Tavis meore nawilSi ganxilulia, Tu rogor SeiZleba am SromiTi resursis efeqtianad organizeba marTvis xarjebis minimumamde dayvanis da yairaTianobis gazrdis mizniT, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis gamoyenebis gziT.

2.1 teqnika da muSaxeli41. amJamad adgilobrivi gzebis rutinul movla-SekeTebas adgilobrivi kontaqtorebi axorcieleben da es procesi Zalian didi raodenobiT teqnikis gamoyenebas moiTxovs. sakoreqcio movla-SekeTebisaTvis, rogorc wesi, gamarTlebulia didi raodenobiT teqnikis gamoyenebis meTodi, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom SedarebiT didi moculobis samuSaoebi unda ganxorcieldes koncentrirebul adgilebSi da xarisxis da xarjis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia garkveuli (specializirebuli) teqnikis gamoyeneba. Tumca, Tu prioritetad unda davayenoT karg mdgomareobSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTeba, rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, maSin arc Tu ise martivi xdeba aRniSnuli midgomis gamoyenebis dasabuTeba. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis samuSaos xasiaTi Zalian gansxvavebuli iqneba, SedarebiT maRali yuradReba mieqceva profilaqtikur movla-SekeTebas, rogoricaa sadrenaJo sistemis gawmenda, nacvlad sakoreqcio movla-SekeTebisa, rogoricaa gzis safarze arsebuli ormoebis remonti.

42. gzebis ukeTesi mdgomareobis miRwevis Sedegad movla-SekeTebis, gansakuTrebiT, sakoreqcio movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis moculoba, SedarebiT mcire da sivrceSi ufro gaSlili iqneba, rac gamoiwevs teqnikis mobilizaciis xarjebis gazrdas da garkveul SemTxvevebSi muSaxelis gamoyeneba ufro ekonomiuri varianti gaxdeba. amas garda, saTanado profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTeba gulisxmobs, rom RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa sadrenaJo sistemis an gzis safaris da danaleqis, qanebis CamonaSalisa da Camonazvavisagan gawmenda unda ganxorcieldes ufro xSirad da ufro mcire moculobis samuSaoebiT. magaliTad, gverdiTi drenaJebis weliwadSi erTxel gawmendis nacvlad, rac amJamad xSirad xdeba, saWiro iqneba ufro xSirad gawmenda, savaraudod, mxolod im mcire monakveTebze, sadac moxdeba maTi gaWedva. Sedegad, imis gamo, rom meti ganmeorebiTi RonisZieba ganxorcieldeba SedarebiT gaSlil monakveTebze ufro mcire moculobis samuSaoebis gamoyenebiT, teqnikis mobilizaciis xarjebi kvlav gaizrdeba da SeiZleba gaxdes metismetad maRali. dabolos, profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTebis araerTi RonisZiebis, magaliTad, kulvertebis gasufTavebisaTvis aucilebelia muSaxelis gamoyeneba.

43. sazogadod, aqcentis gadatana cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze, ise, rogorc aqcentis gadatana ufro metad profilaqtikur movla-SekeTebaze, Sedegad gamoiRebs imas, rom muSaxelis gamoyeneba ufro ekonomiuri gaxdeba da zogierT SemTxvevaSi iqneba erTaderTi marTebuli varianti. miuxedavad imisa, rom kontraqtorebi amJamad ukve iyeneben muSaTa droebiT brigadebs zafxulis sezonis ganmavlobaSi garkveuli RonisZiebebisTvis, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis saTanado prevenciuli movla-SekeTebisaTvis saWiro iqneba mniSvnelovnad maRali muSaxelis resursi, saerTo rutinuli movla-SekeTebis xarjebis ufro didi nawili daixarjeba (arakvalificiur) muSaxelze da naklebi daixarjeba masalebsa da teqnikis eqspluataciaze.

karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi

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44. rasakirvelia, rutinuli movla-SekeTebis yvela RonisZieba yvelaze yairaTianad da efeqturad muSaxelis gamoyenebiT ver ganxorcieldeba, amdenad, garkveuli RonisZiebebisTvis mainc gamarTlebuli iqneba teqnikis gamoyeneba. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli moasfaltebuli adgilobrivi gzebisaTvis, romlebsac utardebaT drouli perioduli movla-SekeTeba, ar iqneba saWiro 109 movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebidan, romelsac gzebis departmenti gansazRvravs, da romlebsac daefuZneba adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebi, yvela maTganis ganxorcieleba. im daSvebiT, rom gzebis dageba saTanadod xorcieldeba da saWiro ar iqneba gzis safuZvlis gaumjobeseba, damatebiTi sadrenaJo struqturebis an sayrdeni kedlebis ageba, asfaltis Sris mocileba, gzis sayrdeni nagebobebis dadgma an SekeTeba an damatebiTi sagzao usafrTxoebis zomebis da signalizaciis dayeneba, saWiro iqneba Semdegi rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba11. TiToeuli RonisZiebisTvis miTiTebulia informacia saWiro teqnikis Sesaxeb.

cxrili 5. rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisaTvis

gzis inspeqtireba (zafxulSi da zamTarSi) – saWiroa muSaxeli. SeiZleba saWiro iyos manqanebi didi sigrZis gzis monakveTis SemTxvevaSi.

gverdiTi drenaJebis gawmenda – gawmenda SeiZleba ganxorcieldes muSaxelis gamoyenebiT, Tumca ufro ekonomiuria teqnikis gamoyeneba, Tu unda gaiwmindos v-s formis drenebis grZeli monakveTebi. mokle koncentrirebuli monakveTebis gasawmendad ufro ekonomiuria muSaxelis gamoyeneba. sxva tipis drenebis gasawmendad nakleb mizanSewonilia teqnikis gamoyeneba.

kulvertebis gawmenda – saWiroa gawmenda muSaxelis gamoyenebiT, nacvlad teqnikisa.

gzis zedapiris da kalTis gawmenda – ekonomiuria teqnikis gamoyeneba didi monakveTebis saerTo gawmendis SemTxvevaSi. gaSlili adgilebis ganmeorebiT gasawmendad, rogorc wesi, ufro ekonomiuria muSaxelis gamoyeneba.

Camonazvavis gawmenda – Camonazvavis gawmenda iolad SeiZleba muSaxelis gamoyenebiT, Tumca teqnikis gamoyeneba ufro ekonomiuria ufro didi moculobis Camonazvavis SemTxvevaSi (ufro mcire moculobis Camonazvavis SemTxvevaSi mobilizaciis xarjebi, rogorc wesi, metismetad maRalia). rogorc wesi, saorientaciod gamoiyeneba 5-10 m3 moculoba, romlis qvemoTac muSaxelis gamoyeneba ufro ekonomiuria. saqarTvelosTvis, rogorc Cans, ufro realisturia 5m3, xelfasebis maRali donis gaTvalisinebiT.

mcenareTa kontroli gasxvisebis zolSi – es moicavs balaxis Wras da buCqebis da xeebis moWras. rogorc wesi, am samuSaoebisaTvis saWiroa muSaxelis gamoyeneba, Tumca didi teritoriebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa ekonomiuri iyos msubuqi teqnikis gamoyeneba. adgilobrivi gzebisTvis motoriani saTibi manqana an xeliT samarTavi meqanikuri saTibi manqanebi SeiZleba ufro ekonomiuri iyos vidre traqtori-saTibebi.

asfaltis safarze ormoebis SekeTeba – amisaTvis saWiroa teqnika, rogorc asfaltis momzadebisa da transportirebisTvis, agreTve dapresvisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs iseTi alternativebi, rogoricaa civi asfalti, rekomendebulia teqnikis gamoyeneba, garda mcire moculobis SekeTebis SemTxvevebisa.

asfaltis safarze arebuli bazrebis amovseba - amisTvisac bitumia saWiro, romlis momzadebisa da transportirebisTvis, rogorc wesi, saWiroa teqnika. am SemTxvevaSi realisturia civi alternativebis da muSaxelis gamoyeneba.

gzis kalTis remonti –SeiZleba ganxorcieldes muSaxelis gamoyenebiT, Tumca ufro ekonomiuria teqnikis gamoyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saWiroa didi monakveTebis SekeTeba. Tumca, axlaxans reabilitirebul gzebze dazianebuli adgilebi, rogorc wesi, iqneba mcire da gafantuli, ris gamoc ufro ekonomiuri iqneba muSaxelis gamoyeneba. saWiro masalebis gzaze gadazidva teqnikis gamoyenebiT unda moxdes, Tu siaxloves ar aris wyaroebi.

sagzao niSnebis SekeTeba, SeRebva da gawmenda – saWiroa muSaxelis gamoyeneba.

11 unda aRiniSnos, rom gorSi zamTris movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi Seadgens adgilobrivi gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis kontraqtis mxolod mcire wils (kontraqtis Tanxis 3%-s) imave teritoriaze saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis kontraqtTan SedarebiT (kontraqtis Tanxis naxevarze meti). Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebis mxolod erTi kontraqti movipoveT.

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gzis betonis konstruqciebis SekeTeba – mcire moculobis SekeTebisaTvis, romlebic, rogorc wesi, mosalodenelia karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi, yvelaze ekonomiuri varianti iqneba muSaxelis gamoyeneba.

sagzao konstruqciebis SeRebva – saWiroa muSaxelis gamoyeneba. marilis da qviSis dayra – miuxedavad imisa, rom teqnikis gamoyenebiT, rogorc wesi,

miiRweva ukeTesi Sedegi da sasurvelia teqnikis gamoyeneba, sinamdvileSi marilis da qviSis gaSla amJamad didi moculobiT xorcieldeba xeliT, xSirad satvirTo avtomanqanis Zaridan. Tumca, ar aris cnobili, Tu ra moculobiT tardeba aRniSnuli samuSaoebi adgilobriv gzebze, amisaTvis saWiro xarjebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

Tovlisgan gawmenda – ufro ekonomiuria teqnikis gamoyeneba.

45. mTeli rigi am RonisZiebebisTvis moxda erTeulis xarjebis Sedareba kontraqtorebis mier teqnikis gamoyenebis da mikro sawarmoebis mier muSaxelis gamoyenebiT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevebisTvis. kontraqtoris erTeulis xarjebis gamosayvanad gamoviyeneT goris municipalitetSi adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis kontraqtis samuSaoebis xarjTaRricxva, dRg-s xarjebis CaTvliT. mikro sawarmoebis erTeulis xarji ganisazRvra muSaxelis mwarmoeblurobis maCveneblis mixedviT (gamomuSaveba TiTo samuSao dReze) saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis safuZvelze, xarjebi erT samuSao dReze daefuZna faqtobriv xarjs 28.50 lari dReSi, romelic moicavs arasaxelfaso xarjebs, zednadeb xarjebs, gadasaxadebs da minimalur mogebas (ix. nawili 4.1). amis Sedegad Seiqmna Semdegi cxrili.

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cxrili 6: kontraqtorebis da mikro sawarmoebis erTeulis fasis Sedareba (larebSi)12

RonisZieba erTeuli goris adgilobrivi gzebi

mikro sawarmoebi

gzis da kalTis gawmenda m3 9.60 14.25gverdiTi drenebis gawmenda m 0.31 0.29kulvertebis gawmenda m3 34.80 28.50Camonazvavis gawmenda * m3 5.40 14.25mcenareulobis moWra (buCqebis) m2 0.50 0.29gzis kalTis avseba da dapresva m3 22.14 28.50

46. unda aRiniSnos, rom moxda mxolod ramdenime RonisZiebis Sedareba, imis gamo, rom erTeulebi, romlebSic gamoxatulia erTeulis ganakveTi, Seusabamoa sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi. am cxrilSi ukve naCvenebia, rom mTeli rigi RonisZiebebisTvis mikro sawarmoebi Zalian konkurentunarianebi arian. Tumca, Sedareba ar aris absoluturad marTebuli, vinaidan mikro sawarmoebis monacemebi dafuZnebulia mcire moculobis samuSaoebze, romlebic ganawilebulia vrcel teritoriebze, xolo kontraqtorebis SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebulia daSveba, rom samuSao ufro did moculobebs moicavs, ufro metad iqneba koncnetrirebuli droSi da sivrceSi, da teqnikis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi xarjebi ufro dabali iqneba mobilizaciis SedarebiT dabali xarjebis gamo. mosalodnelia, rom profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis pirobebSi, romelTa drosac samuSaos SedarebiT naklebi raodenoba gaSlilia ufro vrcel teritoriebze, teqnikis mobilizaciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis gamo erTeulis xarjebi ufro maRali iqneba.

47. magaliTad, amJamad arsebobs tendencia, gaiwmindos gverdiTi drenaJebi da gzis zedapiri da kalTa weliwadSi erTxel greideris an sxva teqnikis gamoyenebiT. am SemTxvevaSi mobilizaciis xarjebi dabali iqneba, vinaidan momdevno monakveTis damuSaveba SeiZleba erT jerad ganxorcieldes, Tumca Tu saWiro iqneba am samuSaos weliwadSi ramdenjerme gameoreba, da sxvadasxva adgilebSi mcire sacobis da dabrkolebebis mocileba, maSin mobilizaciis xarjebi ufro gaizrdeba. Camonazvavis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xarjebis gansxvavebebi yvelaze ukiduresia, xarji damokidebulia Camonazvavis moculobaze. didi moculobis Camonazvavis SemTxvevaSi mobilizaciis xarjebi mTliani xarjebis mxolod mcire procentul wils Seadgens, Tumca 5 sm3-ze naklebi moculobis Camonazvavis SemTxvevaSi mobilizaciis xarjebi ufro met zegavlenas moaxdens erTeulis fasebze. amdenad, mosalodnelia, rom karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis saTanado movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi kontraqtoris erTeulis xarjebi ufro maRali iqneba im faqtis gamo, rom samuSaos moculoba SedarebiT mcirea da ufro metad aris gaSlili droSi da teritoriaze, rac iwvevs mobilizaciis xarjebis gazrdas.

48. zemoT warmodgenili analizi gviCvenebs, rom teqnikis gamoyeneba ufro ekonomiuri an teqnikurad aucilebelia gzis safaris SekeTebis, didi moculobis Camonazvavis gawmendisa da zamTris movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi. gzis safaris SekeTeba ganxorcieldeba mxolod karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Catardeba saTanado profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTebisa da drouli perioduli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi. danarCen or RonisZiebaSi Casatarebeli samuSaoebis moculoba didwilad damokidebuli iqneba municipalitetis geografiul mdebareobasa da topografiul maxasiaTeblebze. zogierTi RonisZiebisaTvis ekonomiuri iqneba teqnikis gamoyeneba, Tu RonisZieba unda ganxorcieldes gzebis did monakveTebze, Tumca rogorc wesi, es ar Seexeba axlaxans reabilitirebul adgilobriv gzebs, rodesac gansaxorcielebeli samuSaoebi, rogorc wesi, moicavs ufro mcire da gafantulad ganlagebul monakveTebs. garkveul RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli masalis

12 am cxrilSi mxolod yvelaze mniSvnelovani profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebia warmodgenili da is RonsiZiebebi, romelTa Sedareba iolia mikro sawarmoebTan muSaobis saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisa da gorSi adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebis Sesaxeb Segrovebuli monacemebis gamoyenebiT. sxva RonisZiebebis Sedareba ar aris ise martivi, vinaidan erTeulebi, romlebSic isinia gamoxatuli, rogorc wesi, erTmaneTs ar Seesabameba.

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transportirebisTvis (kalTis SekeTeba da da gzidan amoRebuli masalebis gatana) muSaxelis garda saWiro iqneba teqnikis gamoyeneba.

49. es faqtobrivad niSnavs imas, rom karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi didi raodenobiT movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis saWiro iqneba muSaxeli; maTgan zogierTis SemTxvevaSi saWiro iqneba teqnikis gamoyenebac, gansakuTrebiT masalis transportirebisaTvis (Tumca amisaTvis ar aris saWiro specializirebuli gzis movla-SekeTebis teqnika, mxolod `pikapebi” (Ria Zaris mqone manqanebi) da mcire satvirTo manqanebi, romelTa daqiraveba raionebSi iolia). mxolod ramdenime RonisZiebisTvis saWiro iqneba specialuri teqnikis gamoyeneba. amdenad, muSaxelis resursi karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis savaraudod Seadgens biujetis 60-70%-s, biujetis danarCeni nawili ki gamoyenebuli iqneba teqnikasa da masalebze, agreTve gadasaxadebze.

50. amJamindeli ganxorcielebis meqanizmebis ganxilvisas TvalsaCinod gamoikveTeba gansxvavebebi. is faqti, rom amJamad aqcenti keTdeba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SekeTebaze niSnavs, rom faqtobrivad samuSaoebis didi nawili moicavs didi masStabiT safarian an safaris gareSe arsebul gzaze arsebuli ormoebis Sevsebas (adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis biujetis 60%-ze meti), risTvisac saWiroa yairaTiani da efeqturi teqnika. gawmendis samuSaoebis Catareba dagegmilia weliwadSi erTxel, rac SesaZlebels xdis gzis didi monakveTebis damuSavebas, Sesabamisad, xarjTefeqtiani xdeba teqnikis gamoyeneba. sxva RonisZiebebisaTvis saWiroa sayrdeni kedlebis, sadrenaJo konstruqciebis da gzis safuZvlis (re)konstruqcia, ise, rogorc Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze asfaltis zedapiris mocileba; zemoaRniSnuli samuSaoebidan yvela maTgani ufro yairaTianad da efeqturad ganxorcieldeba teqnikis gamoyenebiT. Sesabamisad, am SemTxvevaSi teqnika TamaSobs udides rols, muSaxels ki mxolod mcire funqcia rCeba, Semdegi samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad -- teqnikis momsaxureba da konkretuli RonisZiebebi, rogorica mcenareulobis kontroli, kulvertebis gawmenda, im drenebis gawmenda, romelTa teqnikis gamoyenebiT gawmenda rTulia, da sagzao niSnebis SeRebva da gawmenda. goris municpalitetisaTvis, RonisZiebebi, romlebic moicavs muSaxels Seadgens mTliani biujetis daaxloebiT 8%-s, da maSinac ki mniSvnelovani nawili moicavs masalis transportirebas teqnikis gamoyenebiT.

51. aqcentis aRniSnuli mniSvnelovani gadatana teqnikaze dafuZnebuli ganxorcielebidan, romlis drosac muSaxelis xarjebis 10%-ze naklebi gamoiyeneba (teqnikis operatorebis da administraciuli kadrebis gamoklebiT), muSaxelze dafuZnebul ganxorcielebaze, sadac muSaxelis xarjebi savaraudod 60-70% -s Seadgens (teqnikis operatorebis da administraciuli TanamSromlebis gamoklebiT) Sedegad gamoiRebs imas, rom Seiqmneba mniSvnelovani dasaqmebis da Semosavlis miRebis SesaZleblobebi. ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros mixedviT (2009 w.) saqarTveloSi ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis umuSevrobis done mosaxleobis 17% -s Seadgens, mosaxloebis didi nawili TviTdasaqmebulia soflis meurneobis dargSi, sadac arasruli dasaqmebis done maRalia. Zalian maRalia agreTve siRaribis done, organizacia CARE –is mixedviT (2010 w.), mosaxleobis 25% saarsebo saxsrebi dReSi 2 dolarze naklebs Seadgens, mosaxleobis 20% cxovrobs siRaribis donesTan axlos (2-5 dolari dReSi). amdenad, Zalian misasalmebelia damatebiTi dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis Seqmna, romelic miiRweva aqcentis gadataniT cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze, gansakuTrebiT imis gamo, rom es dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi iqmneba soflad, sadac umuSevroba, arasruli dasaqmeba da siRaribis done yvelaze maRalia. Tumca, muSaxelis saWiroebis gazrdac gamoiwvevs saWiro muSaxelis qmediTi organizebis da marTvis saWiroebas, imisaTvis, rom ufro yairaTiani da efeqturi gaxdes da minimumamde Semcirdes zedamxedvelobis xarjebi.

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2.2 Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis meqanizmi

52. movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis ganxorcielebaze kontraqtebi saqarTveloSi resursebzea dafuZnebuli. mTeli rigi RonisZiebebisTvis resursebis (masalebi, teqnika-saaTi, kaci/dRe) safuZveli Zalin mkafioa, rogoricaa mciremasStabiani samuSaoebi, romlebic emyareba sxvadasxva teqnikis gamoyenebis saaTebis raodenobas. Tumca, sxva RonisZiebebi ufro metad aris dafuZnebuli Sesrulebuli samuSaos moculobaze, vidre saWiro resursebis moculobaze (amis magaliTia gverdiTi drenaJebis gawmenda, sadac anazRaureba efuZneba gawmendili milis sigrZes (metrs)). orive SemTxvevaSi Casatarebeli samuSao emyareba yovelTviur samuSao gegmebs samuSaoebis xarjTaRricxvis (smetis) formiT, sadac gansazRvrulia rogorc Sesasrulebeli samuSao, ise erTeulis ganakveTi TiToeuli RonisZiebisTvis (Tavdapirveli ganacxadic samuSaoebis xarjTaRricxvas efuZneba).

53. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom kontraqtebis es sistema moiTxovs maRali donis zedamxedvelobas kontraqtoris damqiravebeli uwyebis mxridan, romelmac unda moamzados regularuli samuSao gegmebi, sadac gansazRvruli iqneba saWiro saqmianobebi, agreTve saWiro iqneba Sesrulebuli samuSaos inspeqtireba TiToeul gadaxdamde, saTanado xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad, ise, rogorc Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sesabamisad moTxovnili Tanxebis marTebulobis Semowmeba.

54. imis gamo, rom movla-SekeTebis saWiroebebi ganmeorebiT da naxevrad prognozirebad xasiaTs atarebs, dainerga kontraqtebis gansxvavebuli meqanizmi: Sesrulebaze damyarebuli kontraqtebi. kontraqtis am meqanizmis farglebSi anazRaurebis safuZvels warmoadgens ara Sesrulebuli samuSaos moculoba, aramed gzis mdgomareoba. gzis saWiro mdgomareoba ganisazRvreba movla-SekeTebis standartis mixedviT, romelic Sedgeba mTeli rigi Sesrulebis indikatorebisgan, romlebiTac gansazRvrulia gzis gansxvaebuli elementebis moTxovnili mdgomareoba. gadaxda ganxorcieldeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gzis TiToeuli elementis mdgomareoba Seesabameba mis Sesabamis Sesrulebis indikators. xSirad gaTvaliswinebulia defeqtis aRmofxvris vada, romlis ganmavlobaSic unda ganxorcieldes nebismieri defeqtis gamosworeba, defeqti ki ganisazRvreba, rogorc gzis elementi, romlis mdgomareoba Sesrulebis indikatorebSi gansazRvrul dasaSveb doneze dabalia. Sesrulebis indikatorebis SesaZlo magaliTebi warmodgenilia qvemoT im rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisTvis, romlebic mocemulia me-5 cxrilSi, defeqtis aRmofxvris vadebi miTiTebulia frCxilebSi.

cxrili 7: karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis Sesrulebis indikatorebis magaliTi

gverdiTi drenebis gawmenda – gverdiTi drenis sacobi ar aRemateba profilis 25%-s (3 dRe).

kulvertebis gawmenda - kulvertis sacobi ar aRemateba profilis 20%-s (2 dRe). gzis zedapiris da kalTis gawmenda - ar aris dabrkolebebi saval nawilze an gzis

kalTaze (1 dRe). Camonazvavis gawmenda - ar aris Camonazvavi gzis kalTaze an saval nawilze (2

dRe). gasxvisebis zolze mcenareulobis kontroli - balaxis safaris sigrZe gasxvisebis zolSi

ar aRemateba 25 sm-s, gzis kalTaze an saval nawilze ar aris mcenareuloba, da mcenareuloba ar amcirebs gzaze xilvadobas 250m-ze nakleb manZilze (3 dRe).

ormoebis SekeTeba asfaltis safarze - gzis erT kilometrze 10 sm-ze meti sigrZis 10-ze naklebi ormoa (5 dRe)

asfaltis safarze arsebuli bzarebis avseba - Seuvsebeli ar rCeba arc erTi 5 mm-ze meti sisqis bzari (5 dRe)

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gzis kalTis SekeTeba - gzis kalTa ar aris saval nawilze maRali, da saval nawilze 5 sm-ze metiT dabali, an 5 sm-ze met siRrmeze ar aris dazianebuli RrmulebiT an eroziiT (10 dRe).

sagzao niSnebis SekeTeba, SeRebva da gawmenda - ar aris dazianebuli, SeuRebavi an WuWyini sagzao niSnebi (5 dRe).

gzis betonis konstruqciebis SekeTeba - ar aris gzis betonis dazianebuli konstruqciebi (10 dRe).

sagzao konstruqciebis SeRebva - ar aris SeuRebavi sagzao konstruqciebi (10 dRe). marilis da qviSis dayra - gzaze daiyara qviSa/marili, Tu Tovlia mosuli da temperatura

0 gradus celsiusze dabalia (1 dRe) Tovlisgan gawmenda - saval nawilze Tovli ar devs (0.5 dRe)

55. Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli sistemis farglebSi gadasaxdeli Tanxis gaangariSeba xdeba weliwadSi erT kilometrze fiqsirebuli ganakveTis safuZvelze; gadaxda, Cveulebriv, xdeba yovelTviurad, Tanabar nawilebad. inspeqciebi tardeba yovelTviurad (ufro ganviTarebuli sistemebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba naklebi sixSiriT tardebodes). Tu inspeqtirebis dros gzis sxvadasxva elementebis mdgomareoba saTanado aRmoCnda, yovelTviuri anazRaurebis Tanxa srulad gadaixdeba. Tu gzis garkveuli elementebi ar aris wesrigSi, moxdeba gamoqviTva yovelTviuri anazRaurebis Tanxidan, kontraqtSi gansazRvruli gamoqviTvis moculobis Sesabamisad. rogorc wesi, gamoqviTvis ganxorcielebamde Semsrulebels ganesazRvreba drois garkveuli periodi, raTa gamoasworos mdgomareoba, romlis gamoc ver kmayofildeba Sesrulebis indikatoriT gansazRvruli mdgomareoba (defeqtis aRmofxvris periodi).

56. gzis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi Sesrulebaze dafuZnebul kontraqtis meTods mTeli rigi upiratesobebi axasiaTebs resursebze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodTan SedarebiT. pirel rigSi, kontraqtis Rirebuleba da yovelTviuri gadaxdebi fiqsirebulia (romelic damokidebulia konkretuli gzis maxasiaTeblebze), rac aiolebs biujetis Sedgenas da xels uwyobs gadaxdis procesebis warmoebas. amas garda, movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis dagegmva da organizeba menardis pasuxismgebloba xdeba, da kontraqtoris damqiravebeli uwyebis sazrunavi mxolod Cabarebuli gzis mdgomareobaa. es gulisxmobs zedamxedvelobis nakleb tvirTs damqiravebeli uwyebisTvis, romelmac mxolod regularuli inspeqtireba unda Caataros, raTa Seadaros gzis mdgomareoba Sesrulebis indikatorebis mixedviT. Tumca, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqti menardisTvisac ufro xelsayrelia, vinaidan mas axla damoukideblad SeuZlia gadawyvitos, ra gakeTos, rogor da rodis, da SesaZlebloba aqvs gazardos yairaTianoba da maqsimumamde gazardos mogeba. Sedegad, dadasturda, rom Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis Sedegad kontraqtoris damqirvebeli uwyebis movla-SekeTebis xarjebi mcirdeba, menardeebi ki ufro met mogebas iReben.

57. rogoc wesi, gzis sxvadasxva elementebis mdgomareoba movla-SekeTebis kontraqtis dasawyisSi Sesrulebis indikatorebis Sesabamisia da movla-SekeTebis muSakebs mxolod am mdgomareobis SenarCuneba evalebaT, ar aris saWiro mniSvnelovani gaumjobeseba. zogierT SemTxvevebSi xdeba gansxvavebuli standartebis gansazRvra, TiToeuls gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba aqvs ramdenime Sesrulebis indikatorisTvis. es iZleva SesaZleblobas, rom sxvadasxva gzebisaTvis dadgindes mdgomareobis gansxvavebuli doneebi, magaliTad, ganisazRvros ufro maRali standartebi saerTaSoriso gzebisaTvis, adgilobriv gzebTan SedarebiT, an ufro dabali standartebi im gzebisaTvis, romelTa sawyisi mdgomareoba saSualo xarisxisaa an cudia. amdenad, movla-SekeTebis ufro dabali standartebi iwvevs ufro dabal xarjs erT kilometrze, da iZleva gzis ufro didi monakveTis dafarvis SesaZleblobas imave biujetiT, Tumca imavdroulad iwvevs gzis ufro dabal xarisxs.

58. dadasturda, rom Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodi Zalian warmatebulia karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCuneba; es meTodi movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis

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gansaxorcieleblad standartul wesad mkvidrdeba msoflios mraval qveyanaSi, rogoricaa SvedeTi, SeerTebuli Statebi, avstralia da argentina. konkretuli SemTxvevisTvis, romelsac winamdebare dokumenti Seexeba -- karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli (axlaxans reabilitirebuli) adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis warsamarTad, dadasturda, rom yvelaze metad xelsayrelia Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis gamoyeneba.

59. Tumca, es meTodi naklebad gamodgeba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisaTvis, rodesac arsebobs gzebis mdgomareobis mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesebis molodini. vinaidan, gaumjobesebis procesi moklevadiania, moiTxovs ufro met da cvalebad resursebs, saeqspluatacio movla-SekeTeba ki ufro grZelvadiania, moicavs ufro nakleb da ufro stabilur moTxovnebs. amdenad, ufro rTulia standartuli xarjebis gansazRvra erT kilometrze mTliani periodisaTvis, vinaidan Tavdapirvelad es xarjebi Zalian dabali iqneba saimisod, rom dafaros gaumjobesebis xarjebi, xolo mogvianebiT -- Zalian maRali SedarebiT dabal movla-SekeTebis xarjebTan mimarTebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom amgvari kontraqtebi zogjer kombinirebulia, es, rogorc wesi, xorcieldeba or nawilad calke gzis gaumjobesebis periodisaTvis da calke -- Semdgomi, gzis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis periodisaTvis. rodesac xdeba gaumjobesebis da Semdgomi movla-SekeTebis nawilebis gaerTianeba, pasuxismgebloba, rogorc wesi, ekisreba imave kontraqtors, gaumjobesebis etapze ukeTesi xarisxis xelSewyobis mizniT, ris Sedegadac movla-SekeTebis etapze movla-SekeTebis saWiroeba iqneba ufro dabali, xolo mogeba – ufro maRali.

60. miuxedavad imisa, rom gzis movla-SekeTeba saqarTveloSi jer isev resursebze dafuZnebuli midgomiT xorcieldeba, gzebis departamenti amJamad muSaobs Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis SemoRebaze saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebisaTvis, romlis pilotirebasac 2011 wels gegmavs. es midgoma, TavisTavad, uaxloes momavalSi adgilobrivi gzebis qselzec gavrceldeba. amdenad, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul adgilobriv gzebze garkveuli rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis danergvam SeiZleba Seavsos ganxorcielebuli saqmianoba da xeli Seuwyos municipalitetebSi Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis danergvis process.

61. Tumca, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis danergva jer isev dgas garkveuli seriozuli dabrkolebebis winaSe. SeiZleba, amaTgan yvelaze mniSvnelovania sagadasaxadosTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi; sagadasaxado samsaxurma Zalian gaamkacra wesebi kontraqtorebis mimarT da daawesa moTxovna, rom kontraqtorebma garkveviT unda daasabuTon gaweuli xarjebi. am wesis SemoReba emsaxureba kontraqtorebis mier mogebis xelovnurad, da mogebis gadasaxadis moculobis Semcirebis prevencias. am dasabuTebis funqcias, Cveulebriv, asrulebda samuSaoebis xarjTaRricxvis dokumenti da yovelTviuri samuSao gegma da inspeqtirebis angariSi, sadac miTiTebuli iyo dagegmili da faqtobrivi resursebi da gamomuSaveba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am dokumentebs xels awerda kontraqtoris damqiravebeli uwyeba, isini misaRebi iyo am resursebis uzrunvelyofaSi an Sedegebis miRwevaSi gaweuli danaxarjebis damtkicebis mxriv. Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli sistemis SemTxvevaSi ki aRar moqmedebs resursebis da Sedegebis dadasturebis msgavsi instrumenti, da damqiravebeli organizacia Caatarebs mxolod gzis mdgomareobis, da ara Catarebuli samuSaos moculobis inspeqtirebas, da aranairad ar moaxdens imis analizs, Tu ra moculobis resursebi an xarjebi iyo saWiro am samuSaos gansaxorcieleblad. amdenad, xarjebis dasabuTeba erT-erTi problemuri sferoa, romelic kontraqtorebma da municipalitetebma gamoavlines, da romlisTvisac saWiroa saTanado gadaWris gzis gamonaxva.

62. Tumca, muSaxelze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis SemTxvevaSi, es problemas ar warmoadgens, vinaidan xarjebis dasabuTebis warmodgena SromiTi kontraqtebis formiT SeiZleba. kontraqtebSi gansazRvrulia TiToeuli muSis anazRaureba, romlis Sesabamis saSemosavlo gadasaxadsac agreTve pirdapir damqiraveebli

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gadaixdis, rac Seadgens dasaqmebis da xelfasebis danaxarjis damadasturebel sabuTs. im RonisZiebebisaTvis, romlebic moiTxovs mxolod muSaxels an muSaxelis resurss da garkveuli moculobiT masalebs an teqnikas, savaraudod, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli sistemis danergva sakmaod martivi iqneba da am mxriv ar unda movelodeT raime konkretul garTulebebs. Tumca, sxva rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa gzis safaris SekeTeba da Tovlisgan gawmenda, romlebisTvisac saWiroa mniSvnelovani moculobis masalebi an teqnikis saeqspluatacio xarjebis gaweva, savaraudod, ufro garTuldeba am damatebiTi xarjebis dasabuTeba sagadasaxado samsaxurisTvis. amdenad, am etapisaTvis rekomendebulia Sesrulebaze dafuZnebul kontraqtebSi ar CairTos gzis safarTan an zamTris movla-SekeTebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi, vidre sagadasaxado samsaxurTan ar SeTanxmdeba gadaWris saTanado gza. amasobaSi, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis gamoyeneba mxolod muSaxelze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis mogcems SesaZleblobas, SeviZinoT gamocdileba kontraqtis am meqanizmSi, rac xels Seuwyobs momavalSi sxva movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebze mis Semdgom gavrcelebas.

63. muSaxelze dafuZnebuli garkveuli RonisZiebebisaTvis Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli sistemis kombinacia resursebze damyarebuli sistemiT sxva, ufro metad teqnikaze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebisaTvis ar warmoadgens problemas, da mraval sxva qveyanaSi gamoiyeneba. amdenad, Sesrulebaze damyarebuli kontraqtis meTodis danergva muSaxelze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebisTvis SeiZleba pirveli nabiji gaxdes mogvianebiT etapze rutinuli movla-SekeTebis yvela RonisZiebebisTvis Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistemis dasanergad, mas Semdeg, rac gamoinaxeba saTanado gadawyvetis gza sagadasaxado samsaxurTan dakavSirebuli problemis gadasaWrelad. am kuTxiT mniSvnelovani gamocdileba iqneba samuSao, romelsac axorcielebs gzebis departamenti saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebisaTvis.

64. dasasruls, rekomendebulia Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis danergva karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebisaTvis, Tumca, misi mocvis arealis SezRudva im RonisZiebebiT, romlebic muSaxelzea dafuZnebuli. es didad Seamcirebs muSaxelis mier ganxorcielebuli samuSaoebis menejmentisa da zedamxedvelobisaTvis saWiro xarjebs da SesabamisobaSi iqneba gzis movla-SekeTebisaTvis Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis danergvis amJamindel tendenciasTan. im RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba, romlebic moiTxovs ufro mniSvnelovan resursebs teqnikis an/da masalebis kuTxiT (gansakuTrebiT gzis safaris SekeTeba da zamTris movla-SekeTeba) gagrZeldeba resursebze dafuZnebuli sistemis farglebSi, mogvianebiT ki am RonisZiebebisTvisac dainergeba Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis gamoyeneba.

65. Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis sistemebis farglebSi xdeba riskis nawilis ganawileba kontraqtorze, vinaidan saWiro samuSaos moculobis gazrda misi pasuxismgebloba iqneba (ra Tqma unda, es ar Seexeba forsmaJoruli movlenebis SemTxvevebs). Tumca, riskis gadanawileba gulisxmobs damoukideblobas efeqtianobis gaumjobesebis mxriv, RonisZiebebis ufro drouli ganxorcielebis an alternatiuli meTodebis da teqnikis gamoyenebiT gziT. aseTi gaumjobesebis Sedegad, ise, rogorc samuSaos moculobis SesaZlo Semcirebis Sedegad miRebuli mogeba mTlianad kontraqtors darCeba, rac, rogorc wesi, miiCneva sakmaris kompensaciad gazrdili riskis sanacvlod. amas garda, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTeba Tavdapirvelad Semoifargleba muSaxelze dafuZnebuli safaris armqone gzis movla-SekeTebis RoniZiebebiT, masTan dakavSirebuli riskebi mainc mcirea, da kontraqtors eZleva SesaZlebloba pirvel rigSi miiRos gamocdileba Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis mixedviT muSaobaSi, vidre Semdgom etapze daiwyebdes sxva, ufro maRali Rirebulebis mqone movla-Senaxvis RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas, romlebsac riskis ufro maRali doneebi axlavs, rogoricaa safariani gzis SekeTeba da zamTris movla-SekeTeba.

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2.3 daskvna66. aqcentis gadatana cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze zegavlenas axdens gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis saxeze da xasiaTze. maSin, roca cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze aqcenti keTdeba gzis safaris gamosasworebel movla-SekeTebaze, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi aqcenti gakeTdeba profilaqtikur movla-SekeTebaze. erT kilometrze saWiro resursebi iqneba gacilebiT ufro dabali, vidre cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi, Tumca imavdroulad gaizrdeba muSaxelis resursis xvedriTi wili. es gamowveulia garkveuli RonisZiebebis xasiaTiT, Tumca imavdroulad samuSaos SedarebiT mcire moculobebiT da imiT, rom isini ufro gaSlili iqneba sivrceSi, da imiT, rom teqnikis gamoyenebas naklebad ekonomiuri gaxdeba mobilizaciis maRali xarjebis gamo. Sedegad, mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba adgilobrivi gzebis qselis rutinuli movla-SekeTebisaTvis muSaxelis saerTo wili, kontraqtis Tanxis amJamindeli 10%-idan (administraciuli TanamSromlebis da teqnikis operatorebis gamoklebiT) savaraudod kontraqtis Tanxis 60%-mde (Tumca es maCvenebeli damokidebuli iqneba imaze, Tu karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis ra wili iqneba CarTuli movla-SekeTebis kontraqtSi).

67. muSaxelis gazrdili moTxovnis Sedegad soflad mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi, sadac maRalia umuSevrobis, arasruli dasaqmebis da siRaribis done. gazrdili resursebi agreTve moiTxovs saTanado organizebas da marTvas efeqturobis da efeqtianobis uzrunvelsayofad. amdenad, rekomendebulia Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis gamoyeneba, rac gamoiwvevs zedamxedvelobis xarjebis Semcirebas da ganxorcielebisas ufro maRali efeqtianobis da efeqturobis miRwevas. Tumca, sagadasaxado samsaxurSi danaxarjebis dasabuTebasTan dakavSirebuli mosalodneli problemebidan gamomdinare, rekomendebulia, rom Tavdapirvelad Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistemis danergva Semoifarglos muSaxelze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebiT, sadac xarjebis dasabuTebisTvis SeiZleba SromiTi kontraqtebis gamoyeneba (sxva movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba droebiT resursebis safuZvelze gagrZeldeba). mogvianebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistemis mocvis arealis gafarToeba, raTa CairTos agreTve is RonisZiebebi, romlebisTvisac masalis da teqnikis eqspluataciis moTxonebi ufro maRalia. riskis ganawileba kontraqtorebze iqneba dabali mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac muSaxelze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebi gamoiyeneba, da maT miecemaT SesaZlebloba, gaecnon Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistemas, vidre daekisrebaT ufro maRali, safariani gzis SekeTebasa da zamTris movla-SekeTebasTan dakavSirebuli riski.

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3. muSaxelis organizeba da kontraqtis dadeba68. muSaxelis moTxovnis mosalodneli zrda kontraqtis Rirebulebis 10%-idan kontraqtis Rirebulebis 60-70%-mde cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze aqcentis gadatanis Sedegad gulisxmobs, rom saWiro iqneba gacilebiT ufro didi raodenobiT muSaxelis marTva, vidre amJamad xorcieldeba. am TavSi ganxilulia muSaxelis organizebis efeqturi da yairaTiani gzebi, ise, rogorc maTi daqiravebis sxvadasxva meqanizmebi. bolo nawilSi ganxilulia agreTve saWiro SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba kontraqtis sxvadasxva meqanizmebis farglebSi, da amaze pasuxismgebeli pirebi.

3.1 Sromis mwarmoebluroba da efeqtianoba69. infrastruqturis ganviTarebisaTvis muSaxelze dafuZnebuli midgomebis gamoyenebis Sedegad dadasturda, rom muSaxelis resursis saTanado organizeba aris ZiriTadi aspeqti, romelic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens ara mxolod Sromis mwarmoeblurobasa da efeqtianobaze, aramed agreTve marTvasa da zedamxedvelobasTan dakavSirebul xarjebze. muSaxelze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis saerTaSoriso gamocdilebam warmoaCina, Tu ra upiratesoba aqvs fiqsirebul naxevrad movla-Senaxvis mwarmoebel damoukidebel, adgilobriv gundebTan muSaobas, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian konkretul gzebze.

70. amJamad adgilobrivi kontraqtorebi ukve iyeneben arakvalificiur muSaxels garkveuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis gansaxorcieleblad. xdeba am muSaxelis Camoyalibeba droebiTi muSebis brigadebad, da maT zedamxedvelobas uwevs ostati; es brigadebi gadainacvleben erTi gzidan meoreze kontraqtoris erT-erTi manqanis gamoyenebiT, da axorcieleben RonisZiebebs TavianTi pasuxismgeblobis farglebSi. imis gamo, rom amJamad movla-Senaxvis kontraqtebSi muSaxelis Sromis faqtori maRali ar aris, TiToeuli droebiTi muSa pasuxismgebelia saSualod gzis 15-20 kilometrian monakveTze, da movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli brigada swrafad daamuSavebs 100 km-ze meti sigrZis gzis monakveTs. yvela movla-SekeTebis RonisZieba resursebzea dafuZnebuli, ostati ki uzrunvelyofs muSaxelis mwarmoeblurobasa da effeqturobas. movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli brigadis gamoyeneba amJamad gamarTlebulia, vinaidan iZleva muSebis srul ganakveTze daqiravebis SesaZleblobas (zafxulis sezonis ZiriTadi nawilis ganmavlobaSi), da Rirebuli xdeba investicia maT momzadebaSi. imis gamo, rom ostatma unda ganaxorcielos muSebis intensiuri zedamxedveloba, saWiroa, rom muSebma imuSaon SedarebiT did jgufebad, erTmaneTTan axlos, rac Seamcirebs saWiro ostatebis raodenobas. gzis didi monakveTebisTvis, romelzec TiToeuli muSa awarmoebs samuSaos, saWiroa transporti, romelsac uzrunvelyofs kontraqtori.

71. miuxedavad imisa, rom am SemTxvevaSi yvelaze saTanado gamosavalia muSaTa brigadebis gamoyeneba, romlebsac zedamxedvelobs ostati da romlebic aRWurvilni arian transportiT da gadainacvleben erTi gzidan momdevoze, karg mdgomareobSi arsebul gzebze aqcentis gadatanis da muSaxelis moTxovnis Sesabamisi zrdis pirobebSi es midgoma aRar warmoadgens saukeTeso variants. Sesabamisad, nacvlad muSaTa brigadebisa, romlebic gadainacvleben da sxvadasxva gzebze awarmoeben samuSaoebs ostatis zedamxedvelobis qveS, rekomendebulia movla-Senaxvis mwarmoebeli ufro mcire zomis, fiqsirebuli, naxevrad damoukidebeli jgufebis Camoyalibeba, romlebSic Sevlen adamianebi, romlebic cxovroben im gzis mimdebare teritoriaze, romlis movla-SekeTebac xorcieldeba.

72. Sromaze dafuZnebuli rutinuli movla-SekeTebis saerTaSoriso gamocdilebam gviCvena, rom Zalian xelsayrelia adgilobrivi muSaxelis gamoyeneba, romlebic cxoroben im gz(eb)Tan axlos an mimdebare teritoriaze, romelTa movla-SekeTebac

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xorcieldeba. Casatarebeli RonisZiebebi SedarebiT martivia da ar moiTxovs mniSvnelovan unarebs, xolo im unarebis daufleba, romlebic saWiroa samuSaos ganxorcielebis an organizebisTvis iolad SeiZleba martivi treningiT, romelic ganxorcieldeba samuSao procesis mimdinareobisas. adgilobrivi muSaxelis CarTvas axlavs is upiratesoba, rom transportis xarjebi dabalia da aRar Seiqmneba transportis lojistikasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi, vinaidan muSebi cxovroben gzasTan axlos da Tavad SeuZliaT sakuTari Tavis transportiT uzrunvelyofa. garda amisa, gzasTan axlos mcxovrebma muSebma, rogorc wesi, ician gzis problemuri adgilebi, romlebic saWiroebs ufro met yuradRebas an ufro regularul inspeqtirebas. dabolos, gzis mimdebare teritoriaze mcxovrebi adamianebi erTmaneTs icnoben, Sesabamisad, moxdeba maTi muSaobis socialuri monitoringi, rac gamoiwvevs ukeTes Sedegebs, vidre movla-SekeTebaze gareSe pirebisTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis SemTxvevaSi. am faqtorebis gamo sxva qveynebSi Sromaze dafuZnebuli rutinuli movla-SenaxvisTvis adgilobrivi muSaxelis gamoyeneba dgindeba wesad da xdeba ufro sasurveli varianti, vidre muSaTa brigadebis gamoyeneba, romlebic erTi gzidan meoreze gadainacvleben. muSaxelis ufro maRali moTxovna niSnavs agreTve imas, rom gamarTlebuli xdeba muSebis srul ganakveTze daqirveba da maTi ganawileba gzis ufro mokle monakveTebze -- saSualod 4-5 kilometri erT muSaze rvaTviani zafxulis periodSi, rac SesaZleblobas miscems maT, imuSaon Zalian axlos saxlTan, minimumamde mcirdeba transportis saWiroebac.

73. meore ram, rac saerTaSoriso gamocdilebam gviCvena, isaa, rom dadasturda, rom xelsayrelia am muSebis organizeba fiqsirebuli adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli gundebis, da ara individualuri muSebis formiT. gundze dafuZnebuli midgomis yvelaze mniSvnelovani upiratesoba aris is, rom individualur muSebTan SedarebiT marTvis xarjebi mniSvnelovnad dabalia, vinaidan kontraqtis dadeba, zedamxedveloba da inspeqtireba SeiZleba Catardes mTeli gundisTvis erTianad, da ara cal-calke TiToeuli pirisTvis. amis Sedegad, damqiraveblis mxridan an damqiravebeli organizaciis SesaZleblobebis moTxovnebi mcirdeba. Tumca, dadasturda, rom gundze dafuZnebul midgomas aqvs upiratesobebi mwarmoeblurobis da motivaciis mxrivac, vinaidan movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis mwarmoebeli muSebi, romlebic erTad muSaoben, ufro motivirebulni arian da sazogadod, movla-SekeTebis sxvadasxva RonisZiebebisadmi koordinirebuli midgomis Sedegad miiRweva mwarmoeblurobis ufro maRali done (erT dReSi Sesasrulebeli samuSaos moculoba), rac gamowveulia rogorc gazrdili motivaciiT, ise movla-Senaxvis mwarmoebeli sxvadasxva muSebis mier damatebiTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebiT. dabolos, dadasturda, rom gunduri muSaoba mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens reagirebis droebze garkveuli RonisZiebebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT iseTi RonisZiebebisTvis, rogoricaa Camonazvavi, romlis gasawmendad erT adamians ramdenime dRe dasWirdeboda, movla-SekeTebis gundis muSebis mier ki am samuSaos Sesruleba ramdenime saaTSia SesaZlebeli.

74. movla-SekeTebis adgilobrivi gundebis Seqmnisas agreTve dadasturda, rom xelsayrelia TiToeuli gundis ganawileba da pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba erT an ramdenime konkretul gzaze, amasTan, gzis sigrZe, rogorc wesi, ar unda aRematebodes 25-30 km-s, transportirebis da lojistikuri miznebidan gamomdinare. Cveulebriv, movla-SekeTebis erTi adgilobrivi gundisTvis xdeba mxolod erTi gzis gamoyofa, Tumca erTmaneTTan axlos arsebuli ramdenime mokle gzis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia am gzebis dajgufeba. aseTi midgoma iZleva SesaZleblobas, individualurad ganisazRvros pasuxismgebloba gzis (an gzis calkeuli elementebis) movla-SekeTebaze, da imavdroulad ganisazRvros movla-SekeTebis TiToeuli gundis pasuxismgebloba. Sedegad, movla-SekeTebis gunds eZleva ufro damoukideblad muSaobis SesaZlebloba, vidre amas SeZlebda movla-SekeTebis brigada, vinaidan aRar aris saWiro erTi gzidan meoreze gadaadgileba.

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75. dabolos, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis sistemis danergvam SesaZlebeli gaxada movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis ufro damoukideblad saqmianoba. maTi mwarmoeblurad da efqeturad muSaobis uzrunvelsayofad ostati aRar aris saWiro, vinaidan maTi anazRaureba SeiZleba dafuZnebuli iyos maT mier Sesrulebul samuSaoze, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis Sesabamisad. tradiciuli droze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis nacvlad, romlis Sesrulebasac movla-SekeTebis gundi axdenda, gamoiyeneba Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meqanizmi, romlis mixedviT movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel gunds gaaCnia samuSaos ganxorcielebis organizebis Tavisufleba, im pirobiT, rom inspeqtirebis momentisaTvis dakmayofildebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi Sesrulebis indikatorebi. es movla-SkeTebis ganmaxorcielebel gunds met moqnilobas aniWebs, magram gansakuTrebiT amartivebs menejments, vinaidan uwyveti inspeqtirebis nacvlad saWiroa mxolod regularuli inspeqtirebis ganxorcieleba.

76. movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis Seqmnis Sedegad, romlebic Sedgeba adgilobrivi mosaxleebisagan da romlebsac akisriaT konkretuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis pasuxismgebloba Sesrulebis safuZvelze, didad mcirdeba zedamxedvelobis saWiroeba da mniSvnelovnad ioldeba SromiTi resursis marTva, gansakuTrebiT rodesac am SromiTi resursis moculoba ufro didia. saerTaSoriso gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom aseT pirobebSi izrdeba SromiTi resursis mwrmoebluroba da efeqturoba.

3.2 muSaTa gundebis kontraqtebiT daqiraveba77. movla-SekeTebis adgilobrivi gundebis kontraqtiT daqiravebis kuTxiT arsebobs ori ZiriTadi varianti: movla-SekeTebis gundis pirdapiri kontraqtis safuZvelze daqiraveba kontraqtoris damqiravebeli organizaciis an mier an movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundis qvekontraqtiT daqiraveba movla-SekeTebaze pasuxismgebeli kontraqtoris mier, romelTanac dadebuli iqneba rutinuli movla-SekeTebis saerTo kontraqti adgilobrivi gzebis qselisTvis. pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi damqiravebeli organizacia, romelic, adgilobrivi gzebis SemTxvevSi iqneba municipaliteti, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis muSaxelze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis kontraqts aformebs uSualod movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel gundTan, romelic oficialurad unda iyos daregistrirebuli, mikro sawarmos formiT. kontraqtoris mier qvekontraqtis safuZvelze daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi kontraqtori, romelic axorcielebs municipalitetSi adgilobrivi gzebis saerTo movla-SekeTebis kontraqts pasuxismgebeli xdeba agreTve karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis muSaxelze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaze; am mizniT mas SeuZlia daiqiraos muSebi pirdapiri wesiT, (droebiT) TanamSromlebad adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundis formiT. am gansxvavebuli variantebis upiratesoba da naklovaneba detalurad aris ganxiluli am nawilSi, ganxilulia agreTve instrumentebis da masalebis xarjebis dafarvis SemoTavazebuli gzebi.13

mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtis wesiT daqiraveba

13 saWiro muSaxelis daqiravebis sxva SesaZleblobebi aq ar aris ganxiluli am variantebis aSkara naklovanebebis gamo. individualuri muSebis pirdapiri kontraqtis safuZvelze daqiraveba da maTi organizeba movla-SekeTebis gundebad damqiravebeli uwyebis mier ar miiCneva marTebulad, vinaidan es gamoiwvevs maRal administraciul tvirTs da Zalian gaarTulebs Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis ganxorcielebas, Zlier daemsgavseba tradiciul meTodebs. Seusabamod miiCneva agreTve kontraqtorebis mier qvekontraqtebis safuZvelze mikro sawarmoebis daqiraveba, gazrdili zednadebi xarjebis da dRg-s gamo, rac ar iwvevs aranair upiratesobas droebiTi Tanamromlebis kontraqtiT daqiravebis da maTi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel gundebad organizebis meTodTan SedarebiT.

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78. mikro sawarmoebTan pirdapiri kontraqtebis gaformebis SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundi oficialurad yalibdeba mikro sawarmos formiT, calke iuridiuli statusiT. rogorc Cans, SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi meTodis gamoyeneba, Tumca, rogorc detalurad iyo ganxiluli pirvel angariSSi14, yvelaze gamarTlebulia SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sawarmos Camoyalibeba, rac uzrunvelyofs iuridiuli statusis miRebas minimalur xarjad da ZalisxmeviT da iZleva moqnilobis yvelaze maRal dones. individualuri sawarmos forma gamosadegi alternativaa, Tumca am formis ZiriTadi naklovaneba is aris, rom is ar uzrunvelyofs SezRudul pasuxismgeblobas gundisTvis da ar aZlevs mikro sawarmos asociaciur mflobelobas.

79. SemdgomSi, es mikro sawarmo SeiZleba kompaniis saxiT kontraqtiT Sesrulebis safuZvelze daiqiraos municipalitetma muSaxelze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis gansaxorcieleblad. amdenad, movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli mikro sawarmo axdens karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis ZiriTad profilaqtikur movla-SekeTebas, da Tavidan gvacilebs gzis mdgomareobis daCqarebul gauaresebas. rodesac damatebiTi RonisZiebebia saWiro, gansakuTrebiT gzis safaris SekeTebis da zamTris movla-SekeTebis SemTxvevaSi, da municipalitets SeuZlia da aqvs survili, rom gamoyos saxsrebi am RonisZiebebisTvis, SeiZleba am samuSaoebis Sesruleba daekisros adgilobriv kontraqtors tradiciuli, resursze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis gamoyenebiT.

80. muSaxelze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebisaTvis saWiro movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli muSebis damsaqmebeli iqneba mikro sawarmo, romelic pasuxismgebeli iqneba dazRvevaze, socialur usafrTxoebaze da sasaSemosavlo gadasaxadebis gadaxdaze. rogorc aseTi, municipalitetze tvirTi Semoifargleboda Tavdapirveli kontraqtiT da yovelTviuri inspeqtirebiT da gadaxdebiT. TiToeul mikro sawarmosTan dadebuli kontraqtis moculoba iqneboda SezRuduli, da rogorc aseTi, ar iqneboda saWiro dRg-s gadaxda15, Tavidan iqneboda acilebuli movla-SekeTebis xarjebis mniSnelovani zrda. Tumca, brunvis gadasaxadis savaraudo SemoRebiT, mosalodnelia, rom mikro sawarmoebs gadasaxdelad daekisrebaT 5%-iani gadasaxadi 200000 larze naklebi wliuri brunvis SemTxvevaSi (am Tanxis zemoT unda moxdes Cveulebriv, dRg-s daricxva, axali sagadasaxado kodeqsis damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi). mikro sawarmoebis SemoReba agreTve gamoiwvevs mewarmeTa diversifikacias seqtorSi, sadac konkurencia mcirea. aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios ufro konkurentuli fasebi momavalSi, rodesac mikro sawarmoebi ganviTardebian da SeZleben kontraqtorebisTvis konkurenciis gawevas movla-SekeTebis sxva samuSaoebisaTvis.

81. garda saxelfaso xarjebisa da muSaxelis arapirdapiri xarjebisa, rogoricaa dazRveva, socialuri usafrTxoeba da saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, ise, rogorc sxva xarjebisa, romlebic dakavSirebulia instrumentebsa da masalebTan, saWiro iqneba kompaniis registraciis da marTvis zednadebi xarjebis dafarva, agreTve, savaraudod, brunvis gadasaxadis dafarva, Tu is damtkicda. mikro sawarmos agreTve SeuZlia gansazRvros garkveuli mogebis marJa, Tumca, rogorc wesi, es mikro sawarmoebi ar arian maincdamainc mogebaze orientirebulni da maTi mizani ZiriTadad aris gundisTvis iuridiuli statusis uzrunvelyofa, da misTvis kontraqtiT daqiravebis SesaZleblobis micema, xolo gundis wevrebisTvis, romlebic imavdroulad, rogorc wesi, arian kompaniis partniorebi, dasaqmebis SeaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa. amdenad, mogebis marJa Semoifargleba gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebiT, romlebic mimarTulia saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebis dasafarad. mosalodnelia, rom mikro sawarmos zednadeb xarjebTan,

14 `saqarTveloSi gzis movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli mikro sawarmoebis danergva” -- angariSi I: winaswari Sedegebi, s.kartie van diseli, msoflio banki/PPIAF, 2010 w. (http://ppiaf.cartierconsult.com/georgia).15 moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsis mixedviT sawarmoebs ar moeTxovebaT 20% dRg-s daricxva, Tu maTi brunva 12 Tviani periodis ganmavlobaSi 100000 larze naklebia, rac ZiriTadad vrceldeba movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli mikrosawarmoebis did nawilze.

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gadasaxadebTan da mogebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi iqneba ganxorcielebis xarjebis daaxloebiT 10%, muSaxelis xarjebis da instrumentebis da masalebis xarjebis CaTvliT.

82. movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundis wevrebma unda ganaxorcielon kompaniis marTva, waradginon regularuli sagadasaxado deklaraciebi, ganaxorcielon gadasaxadebis gadaxda, agreTve awarmoon (gamartivebuli) buRaltruli aRricxva, risTvisac dasWirdebaT treningis gavla. dRevandel viTarebasTan SedarebiT ufro maRali iqneba tvirTi municipalitetze, vinaidan saWiro iqneba ramdenime mikro sawarmos daqiraveba sxvadasxva adgilobrivi gzebisaTvis, nacvlad erTi kontraqtorisa, romelic amJamad aris daqiravebuli. Tumca, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis danergva gamoiwvevs administraciuli tvirTis gazrdis SezRudvas, vinaidan ar iqneba aucilebeli samuSao gegmebis momzadeba da aseve gamartivdeba samuSaoebis inspeqtireba.

83. rac Seexeba instrumentebs da masalebs, romlebic saWiroa movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli mikro sawarmoebis pasuxismgeblobis farglebSi RonisZiebebis Casatareblad, rekomendebulia, rom mikro sawarmosTan movla-SekeTebis kontraqtSi CairTos konkretuli Tanxa, da mikro sawarmom dafaros instrumentebis Sesyidvis, teqnikis daqiravebis da masalebis transportirebis xarjebi. es SeiZleba iyos fiqsirebuli erTiani Tanxa, romelic dafaravs am xarjebs, romelic, rogorc wesi, gamoxatulia saWiro muSaxelis xarjebis procentuli wiliT. es ufro gavrcelebulia Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis SemTxvevaSi, Tumca SesaZlebelia tradiciuli resursebze dafuZnebuli xarjTaRricxvis gamoyenebac, romlis SemTxvevaSic gadaxda efuZneba faqtobriv saWiroebebs. mniSvnelovania, rom es Tanxa sakmarisi unda iyos faqtobrivi xarjebis dasafarad, da amasTanave ar unda iyos Zalian maRali, da ar gamoiwvios sxva gzebis movla-SekeTebisaTvis arsebuli saxsrebis Semcireba.

adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis gundebis qvekontraqtis safuZvelze daqiraveba

84. am meTodis farglebSi adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis gundebi isev movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli muSebis araoficialur jgufebi iqnebian, romlebic daqiravebulni arian (droebiTi) TanamSromlebis saxiT kontraqtoris mier. ase xdeba amJamad movla-SekeTebis brigadebSi, Tumca muSaxelis saWiroeba SedarebiT ufro maRali iqneba karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebisTvis. amdenad, es uzrunvelyofs muSaxelis organizebas movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel naxevrad damoukidebel gundebad, rac xels Seuwyobs maT marTvas. SromiTi resursis organizebis meTodis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miReba, rasakvirvelia, kontraqtoris prerogativaa, da am nawilSi ubralod ganxilulia SemoTavazebuli movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel naxevrad damoukidebel adgilobriv gundebTan muSaobis midgoma, rogorc mwarmoeblurobis da efeqturobis gazrdis saSualeba. igive principi moqmedebs maSinac, Tu muSaxeli organizebulia movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel brigadebad, amJamad arsebuli praqtikis Sesabamisad, miuxedavad imisa, rom es savaraudod gazrdis marTvisa da zedamxedvelobis xarjebs, ise, rogorc transportirebis xarjebs, rogorc zemoT iyo ganxiluli. am gundebis Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis mixedviT daqiravebis danergva xels Seuwyobs kontraqtoris mier maTi zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebas.

85. am variants aqvs upiratesoba, vinaidan is amcirebs municipalitetze dakisrebul tvirTs, romelmac unda marTos mxolod erTi kontraqti, rogorc amJamad xdeba. kontraqtori pasuxismgebeli iqneba dazRvevis, socialuri usafrTxoebis da saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gadaxdaze droebiTi TanamSromlebisTvis, romlebic movla-SekeTebis gundSi Sedian. Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistemis danergva muSaxelze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis

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gaamartivebs dagegmvas, zedamxedelobas da imspeqtirebas rogorc municipalitetisTvis, ise kontraqtorisTvis.

86. Tumca, xarjebi iqneba ufro maRali, vidre mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan kontraqtors mouwevs dRg-s 20%-is daricxva. kontraqtorma SeiZleba agreTve daaricxos xarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli adgilobrivi gundebis marTvasTan, ise, rogorc zogadi zednadebi xarjebi da mogebis marJa. mosalodenlia, rom zednadebi xarjebi, mogebis da gadasaxadis xarji pirdapiri da iribi muSaxelis xarjebis daxloebiT 45% iqneba, eseni moicavs sxva, instrumentebTan da masalebTan dakavSirebul xarjebs, amdenad daaxloebiT 30-35%-iT ufro maRali iqneba, vidre mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi (movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli brigadebis SemTxvevaSi ufro maRali menejmentis da zedamxedvelobis xarjebis gamo, savaraudod, saerTo xarjebi ufro maRali iqneba).

87. rac Seexeba instrumentebis da masalebis xarjebs, romlebic movla-SekeTebis gundebma unda gamoiyenon, maTi dafarva moxdeba kontraqtorTan dadebuli zogadi kontraqtidan. amJamindeli ganxorcielebis farglebSi es xarjebi damyarebulia resursebze da CarTulia yovelTviur samuSao gegmaSi da xarjTaRricxvaSi. es jer isev SesaZlebelia, Tumca, Sromaze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis, romelTa ganxorcieleba Sesrulebis safuZvelzea SemoTavazebuli, rekomendebulia instrumentebis da masalebis xarjebis CarTva erT kilometrze erTeulis ganakveTSi, romelic wardgenilia kontraqtoris mier am RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebisTvis.

movla-Senaxvis ganmaxorcielebeli mikro sawarmoebis da gundebis Sesyidva

88. axali kanoni saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb jer saboloo saxiT ar aris Camoyalibebuli da igegmeba debulebis damtkiceba. Tumca, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagentosTan ganxilvebidan aSkara gaxda, rom amJamad gamoirCeva ori saxis Sesyidvebi, kerZod, gamartivebuli tenderi da Cveulebrivi tenderis procesi. gamartivebuli tenderi moicavs erT pirTan molaparakebas 5,000 laramde Tanxis SemTxvevaSi da fasTa kvotirebas 200,000 laramde Tanxis SemTxvevaSi (es zRvrebi vrceldeba saqonelze, momsaxurebasa da samuSaoebze). 200,000 larze maRali Tanxis SemTxvevaSi unda Catardes Cveulebrivi tenderi.

89. es niSnavs, rom mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtis safuZvelze daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gavrceldes gamartiveubli tenderis proceduris wesi, maSin, roca kontraqtorebis daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi unda gavrceldes standartuli tenderis procedurebi. Tumca, gamartivebuli tenderis meqanizmis gamoyenebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios problemebi, vinaidan sxvadasxva mikro sawarmoebis kontraqtiT daqiraveba SeiZleba aRiqvan, rogorc kontraqtis dayofa standartuli tenderis procesis Tavis aridebis mizniT, amdenad, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagentom gamoTqva rekomendacia, rom moxdes standartuli tenderis procedurebis gamoyeneba.

90. standartuli tenderis proceduris moTxovnebi ar aris ufro maRali, vidre gamartivebuli tenderis SemTxevaSi. procesi gansakuTrebiT gamartivda eleqtronuli Sesyidvebis danergvis Sedegad, tenderebis gamoqveyneba aRar aris saWiro erovnul gazeTebSi, mxolod saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagentos vebgverdze (www.spa.ge an www.tenders.ge) unda gamoqveyndes. 200 laridan 50 laramde Semcirda agreTve satendero mosakrebeli, da moTxovnili winadadebis uzrunvelyofis garantiis wardgena axla SesaZlebelia rogorc sakredito baraTiT, ise sabanko garantiiT. Sesabamisad, standartuli tenderebi aRar warmoadgens dabrkolebas mikro sawarmoebisaTvis monawileobis miRebaSi, da arc kontraqtoris damqiravebl organizaciebs uqmnis seriozul tvirTs.

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http://www.tenders.ge/

http://www.spa.ge/


91. es niSnavs, rom orive SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes standartuli tenderis proceduris gamoyeneba. im gansxvavebiT, rom mikro sawarmoebis SemTxvevaSi TiToeul municipalitetSi saWiro iqneba tenderze ramdenime kontraqtis gatana, nacvlad erTi kontraqtisa, romelic saWiroa mxolod movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel kontraqtorTan muSaobis SemTxvevaSi. Tumca kontraqtebis es raodenoba municipalitetis mixedviT ar aris Zalian didi, im SemTxvevaSic ki, mikro sawarmoebTan rom gaformdes kontraqtebi mTliani adgilobrivi gzebis qselis movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebze. saqrTvelosTvis, sadac adgilobrivi gzebis 13,386 km moicavs 67 municipalitets, es niSnavs saSualod 200 km adgilobriv gzebs TiTo municipalitetze. im daSvebiT, rom mikro sawarmoebi SeZleben saSualod 20 km-is movla-SekeTebas, es gulisxmobs saSualod 10 mikro sawarmos TiTo municipalitetze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu yvela gzis movla-SekeTeba moxdeboda da yvela maTganisa – mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebis gziT. kontraqtebis es raodenoba ar aris gadaWarbebuli, Tu moxdeba maTi saTanadod marTva, gansakuTrebiT Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba eleqtronuli tenderis meqanizmis gamoyeneba da dainergeba Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis meqanizmi. sinamdvileSi kontraqtebis raodenoba savaraudod gacilebiT naklebi iqneba SezRuduli movla-SekeTebis dafinansebis gamo, rac iZleva SesaZleblobas, rom moxdes adgilobrivi gzebis qselis mxolod nawilis movla-SekeTeba.

92. kontraqtis konkretuli meTodis arCeva, amdenad, ZiriTadad damokidebuli iqneba municipalitetSi adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebis kuTxiT amJamad arsebul situaciaze. municipalitetSi, rogoricaa gori, sadac movla-SekeTebis dafinanseba aRemateba 400000 lars da adgilobrivi gzebis qselis movla-Senaxvas ukve awarmoebs kontraqtori, SesaZloa yvelaze martivi gza iyos adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis gundebis qvekontraqtebis safuZvelze daqiraveba (Tumca, ra Tqma unda, muSaxelis organizeba kontraqtoris gadasawyveti iqneba, romelTanac gaformdeba kontraqti movla-SekeTebis ganxorcielebaze). Tumca, iseT municipalitetebSi, rogoricaa sagarejo, sadac Znelad Tu xdeba raime dafinansebis gamoyofa adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebisaTvis (saqarTveloSi municipalitetebis mesamedSi 10000 larze naklebia gamoyofili gzebis movla-SekeTebisaTvis) da mcire moculobiT movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebi tardeba (saerTod Tu tardeba), SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos (axlaxans reabilitirebuli) karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebisaTvis pirdapir daidos xelSekruleba movla-Senaxvis ganmaxorcielebel mikro sawarmoebTan, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom SezRuduli iqneba gzebis da kontraqtebis raodenoba da rom saerTo movla-SekeTebis xarjebi Semcirdeba erT kolimetrze dabali xarjebis Sedegad.

93. SesaZlebelia agreTve am ori maTganis kombinacia, rodesac mikro sawarmoebi iqnebian pasuxismgebeli safaris armqone gzebis zafxulis rutinul movla-SekeTebaze Sesrulebis safuZvelze, xolo kontraqtorebs pasuxismgebloba daekisrebaT safariani gzebis SekeTeba (gansakuTrebiT yvelaze cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis) da zamTarSi movla-SekeTebis warmoeba resursebis safuZvelze. momavalSi mikro sawarmoebs SeiZleba agreTve daekisroT karg mdgomareobaSi da saSualo mdgomareobaSi arsebuli safariani gzebis mcire SekeTebis pasuxismgebloba (rogorc sxva qeynebSi xorcieldeba). Tumca, am Tavdapirvel etapze rekomendebulia rom RonisZiebebi Semoifarglos mikro sawarmoebis safaris armqone gzebis SekeTebaze, raTa Tavidan aviciloT kvalifikaciis gazrdili unarebis doneebis saWiroeba da Tavidan aviciloT sagadasaxado samsaxurTan Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtirebis SemotanasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. rekomendebulia, rom kontraqtebi Tavdapirvelad daidos erTi wliT, raTa Seiqmnas Tavdapirveli gamocdilebis safuZvelze kontraqtis dadebis konkretuli aspeqtebis adaptirebis SesaZlebloba. agreTve ar aris garkveuli, amJamad, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb axali kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulia Tu ara grZelvadiani kontraqtiT daqiraveba da aris Tu ara nebadarTuli finansTa saministros mier, vinaidan amisaTvis saWiroa grZelvadiani biujetis Sedgena.

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3.3 SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba da treningebi94. aqcentis cvlileba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebaze, agreTve mikro sawarmoebis danergva, romlebsac kontraqtebiT daiqiraveben municipalitetebi an adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcelebeli gundebi, romlebsac daiqiraveben kontraqtorebi da Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtirebis danergva, gamoiwvevs SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis da treningebis Catarebis saWiroebas. es moicavs SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas da treningebs municipaluri mTavrobebisaTvis, Tumca agreTve movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis an mikro sawarmoebisaTvis, da garkveul doneze agreTve arsebuli kontraqtorebisTvisac. aucilebeli SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba da treningi aRwerili iqneba kontraqtis ori meTodisaTvis, romlebic aRwerili iyo wina nawilSi.

mikro sawarmoebTan pirdapiri kontraqtis dadeba 95. is faqti, rom sxvadasxva gzebisa da mikro sawarmoebisTvis saWiro iqneba ramdenime kontraqtis marTva niSnavs, rom municipalitetebis TanamSromlebis datvirTva gaizrdeba, Tumca, Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistemis danergva, savaraudod, SezRudavs saWiro resursebis moculobis gazrdas. miuxedavad amisa, municipalitetis TanamSromlebi unda gaecnon Sesrulebaze dafuZnebul kontraqtebs, maT Soris, movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis zedamxedvelobisa da monitoringis da yovelTviuri gadaxdebis damtkicebis, agreTve gadaxdebis efeqtiani damuSavebis sakiTxebs.

96. imavdroulad saWiro iqneba im pirebis treningi movla-SekeTebis saxsrebis saTanado ganawilebis sakiTxebSi, vinc kurirebs adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebas, raTa gaumjobesdes gzebis saerTo mdgomareoba, minimumamde Semcirdes movla-SekeTebis saSualo xarjebi da maqsimalurad gaizardos ekonomikuri sargebeli. saWiro iqneba zogadi xasiaTis treningi, romelic Seexeba HDM-IV imitaciaze dafuZnebuli ganawilebis sxvadasxva variantebs, saerTaSoriso saukeTeso praqtikasa da municipalitetSi adgilobrivi gzebis qselis maxasiaTeblebs.

97. municipalitetebis inspeqtorebisTvis saWiro iqneba saxelmZRvanelo principebis gansazRvra da treningis Catareba Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis da mikro sawarmoebis mier ganxorcielebuli samuSaoebis inspeqtirebis sakiTxebze. saWiro iqneba maTi momzadeba samuSaos SefasebaSi Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli indikatorebis mixedviT da gamoqviTvebis gamoTvlaSi, im SemTxvevebisaTvis, Tu ar moxda am indikatorebis Sesruleba.

98. saWiro iqneba municipalitetebis administraciuli da finansuri kadrebisaTvis gadaxdis avtorizaciis axali formatis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi informaciis mowodeba; am formatis gamoyenebiT gadaxdebi Seadgens yovelTviuri fiqsirebul Tanxebs, romlebzec SesaZlebelia gavrceldes daqviTvebi. xarjTaRricxvas, romelic, rogorc wesi, gadaxdis damtkicebisaTvis safuZvels qmnis, Caenacvleba yovelTviuri inspeqtirebis angariSi Sesrulebis indikatorebis Sefasebis safuZvelze, Sesabamisad, municipalitetebis TanamSomlebi unda gaecnon am dokumentebs imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofili iyos gadaxdebis swrafi damuSaveba, rac Tavidan agvacilebs mikro sawarmoebTan dakavSirebul problemebs da imavdroulad Seamcirebs municipalitetis TanamSromlebis zedmetad gadatvirTvis SesaZleblobas.

99. mikro sawrmoebisaTvis saWiro iqneba treningebis Catareba da SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. es moicavs teqnikur trenings sxvadasxva movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaSi da Sesrulebis indikatorebTan kavSiris ganmartebas. agreTve moicavs menejmentis trenings wlis ganmavlobaSi movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis dagegmvasa da organizebaSi, aseve mikro sawarmos zogadi marTvis sakiTxebSi. es ukanaskneli moicavs trenings

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ZiriTad buRaltrul aRricxvaSi da sagadasaxado deklaraciebis (saSemosavlo, mogebis, brunvis) momzadebaSi. rekomendebulia, rom SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis farglebSi mikro sawarmoebs Tavdapirveli treningi am sakiTxebze CautardeT; agreTve moxdes saxelmZRvanelos gavrceleba, romelic Seasrulebs rogorc treningis saxelmZRvanelos daniSnulebas, ise gzamkvlevis funqcias; Semdgom ki municipalitetebis inspeqtorebis mier ganxorcieldeba regularuli zedamxedveloba da samuSao adgilze treningi teqnikur sakiTxebSi. zogadi menejmentis aspeqtebis garSemo SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebis mizniT rekomendebulia mikro sawarmoebis mier buRaltris daqiraveba.

100. sapilote raionebisTvis municipalitetebis TanamSromlebis da mikro sawarmoebis treningi da SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba, ise, rogorc mikrosawramoebis part of the accompaniment of microenterprises ganxorcieldeba msoflio bankis mier PPIAF dafinansebis gamoyenebiT gaweuli teqnikuri daxmarebis farglebSi. mosalodnelia, rom garkveulwilad municipalitetebis inspeqtorebic Cautareben mikro sawarmoebs swavlebas samuSao adgilze.

adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis gundebis qvekontraqtis safuZvelze daqiraveba

101. adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis gundebis kontraqtorebis mier qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi municipalitetze cvlileba naklebad mniSvnelovan gavlenas moaxdens. Tumca, saWiro iqneba movla-Senaxvis saxsrebis ganawilebis prioritetebis Secvla karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis mimarTulebiT, amdenad, saWiro iqneba municipalitetebis gadawyvetilebebis mimReb pirTa momzadeba saTanado ganawilebis saTanado strategiebis Temaze.

102. mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebis meTodisgan gansxvavebiT, adgilobrivi gzis mTliani qselis movla-SekeTebisaTvis iqneba mxolod erTi kontraqti, da yovelTviurad ganxorcieldeba erTi gadaxda. Tumca, garkveuli RonisZiebebisa da garkveuli gzebisaTvis Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis meTodis gamoyenebis dawyeba niSnavs imas, rom yovelTviuri gadaxdebi resursebze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebisTvis dafuZnebuli iqneba tradiciul xarjTaRricxvaze, xolo Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebisaTvis gadaxdebi ganxorcieldeba yovelTviuri inspeqtirebis angariSebis safuZvelze. amdenad, mainc saWiro iqneba municipaluri inspeqtorebis treningi Sesrulebis indikatorebis mixedviT samuSaos SefasebaSi, da administraciul da finansur kadrebs dasWirdebaT Sesavali kursis gavla gadaxdis nebarTvis payment authorisation axali dokumentebis garSemo.

103. movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel adgilobriv gundebs naklebi treningi dasWirdebaT, vinaidan isini ZiriTadad imuSaveben, rogorc movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli muSakebi. maT dasWirdebaT garkveuli treningis gavla movla-SekeTebis sxvadasxva RonisZiebebis saTanadod dagegmvaSi, organizebasa da ganxorcielebaSi da Sesrulebis indikatorebTan kavSiris gaazrebaSi, Tumca maTTvis ar iqneba saWiro detaluri treningi kompaniis marTvaSi, vinaidan isini saqmianobas ganaxorcieleben kontraqtoris pirobebSi, romelic pasuxismgebeli iqneba kompaniis marTvaze.

104. kontraqtors ukve Zalian kargi gamocdileba da unarebi gaaCnia movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis dagegmvasa da organizebaSi da kompaniis marTvaSi. Tumca, rekomendebulia ZiriTadi treningis Catareba muSaxelis jgufebis organizebis da Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis dagegmvisa da organizebis Temebze.

105. sapilote raionebisTvis ganxorcieldeba municipalitetebis TanamSromlebis da kontraqtorebis treningi da SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba msoflio bankis mier PPIAF dafinansebiT gaweuli teqnikuri daxmarebis farglebSi. mosalodnelia, rom kontraqtorebi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel gundebs Cautareben aucilebel trenings.

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3.4 daskvna106. muSaxelis gazrdili saWiroeba, romelic dakavSirebulia aqcentis cvlilebasTan cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebidan SedarebiT karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebaze gulisxmobs saWiro muSaxelis ufro saTanadod organizebis saWiroebas. aseT pirobebSi naklebad gamarTlebulia movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli brigadebis gamoyeneba da rekomendebulia naxevrad damoukidebeli movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis gamoyeneba, romlebic samuSaoebs Caatareben konkretul gzebze Sesrulebis safuZvelze, da maT SemadgenlobaSi Sevlen adgilobrivi muSebi, romlebic cxovroben im gzebis mimdebare teritoriaze, romelTa movla-SekeTeba unda ganxorcieldes.

107. movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli aRniSnuli gundebi mikro sawarmos statusiT SeiZleba uSualod municipalitetma daiqiraos, an moqmedi kontraqtorebis gavliT -- qvekontraqtiT moxdes maTi daqiraveba movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli araofocialuri gundebis saxiT. movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli adgilobrivi gundebis an mikro sawarmoebis daqiravebis da saWiro instrumentebis da masalebis uzrunvelyofis SerCeuli meTodi didwilad damokidebuli iqneba municipalitetis survilze da specifikaze. ZiriTadad es gulisxmobs balansis SenarCunebas xarjebsa da marTvis tvirTs Soris.

108. movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtis dadebiT daqiravebis Sedegad miviRebT erT kilometrze movla-SekeTebis yvelaze dabal fass, Tumca agreTve gaizrdeba municipalitetis tvirTi kontraqtis administrirebis kuTxiT. movla-SekeTebis adgilobrivi gundebis qvekontraqtis safuZvelze daqiravebis Sedegad municipalitetis tvirTi iqneba yvelaze dabali, Tumca mosalodnelia, rom xarjebi gaizrdeba daaxloebiT 30-35%-iT dRg-s daricxvis, zednadebi xarjebis da kontraqtoris mogebis marJis daricxvis Sedegad.

109. Sesyidvis procesi orive SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive iqneba da warimarTeba Cveulebrivi tenderis procesis gamoyenebiT. Tumca, eleqtronuli tenderis proceduris ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobis gamo ufro gamartivdeba tenderis proceduris ganxorcieleba; imavdroulad, mosalodnelia, rom mikro sawarmoebTan gaformebuli pirdapiri kontraqtebis raodenoba ar gadaaWarbebs 10-s TiTo municipalitetisTvis, xSirad gacilebiT naklebi iqneba. amdenad, mosalodnelia, rom problemas ar Seqmnis municipalitetebis SesaZlo SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi mikro sawarmoebTan pirdapiri kontraqtebis safuZvelze urTierTobis mxriv.

110. Sesabamisad, kontraqtis dadebis konkretuli meTodis arCeva ZiriTadad damokidebuli iqneba municipalitetSi adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis mxriv amJamad arsebul situaciaze. municipalitetebSi, sadac movla-SekeTebis dafinanseba mniSvnelovania, da sadac kontraqtori ukve axorcielebs adgilobrivi gzis qselis movla-SekeTebas, SeiZleba yvelaze martivi varianti iyos adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis qvekontraqtiT daqiraveba. Tumca, municipalitetebSi, sadac amJamad gzebis movla-SekeTeba xorcieldeba mcire moculobiT an saerTod ar xorcieldeba, movla-SekeTebaze gamoyofili biujetis simwiris gamo, SesaZloa mikro sawarmoebTan pirdapiri kontraqtis dadebis SesaZleblobam waaxalisos municipaliteti, gaaformos kontraqti (axlxans reabilitirebuli) karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebis profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTebis ganxorcielebaze, imisi gaazrebiT, rom gzebis da kontraqtebis raodenoba SezRuduli iqneba da rom movla-SekeTebis saerTo xarjebi Semcirdeba.

111. SesaZlebelia agreTve mikro sawarmoebis da kontraqtorebis kombinaciis gamoyeneba, romlis drosac mikro sawarmoebi SeiZleba gaxdnen pasuxismgebeli zafxulis safaris gareSe gzebis rutinul movla-SekeTebaze Sesrulebis safuZvelze, xolo

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kontraqtorebi pasuxismgeblebi iqnebian resursebis safuZvelze safariani gzis SekeTebaze (gansakuTrebiT SedarebiT cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis) da zamTris movla-SekeTebaze.

112. sapilote raionebisTvis rekomendebulia mikro sawarmoebTan pirdapiri kontraqtis gaformebis meTodis gamocda rogorc im municipalitetSi, sadac kontraqtori adgilobrivi gzebis qselSi ar muSaobs, ise, rogorc movla-SekeTebis gundebis qvekontraqtis gziT daqiraveba municipalitetSi, sadac kontraqtori ukve awarmoebs saqmianobas adgilobrivi gzebis qselSi. saWiro instrumentebis da masalebis uzrunvelyofa gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba mikro sawarmoebTan da kontraqtorTan dadebuli kontraqtebiT.

midgomis warmatebulad ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro iqneba treningis Catareba municipalitetis TanamSromlebisTis da movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebisaTvis an mikro sawarmoebisaTvis, SedarebiT naklebi doziT – kontraqtorebisTvis. mikro sawarmoebTan pirdapiri kontraqtebis gaformebis SemTxvevaSi treningis saWiroeba ufro maRali iqneba. sapilote proeqtebisaTvis treningis umetesi nawili ganxorcieldeba msoflio bankis mier PPIAF dafinansebiT gaweuli teqnikuri daxmarebis farglebSi, Tumca mosalodnelia agreTve garkveuli mxardaWera municipalitetebis TanamSromlebis (pirdapiri kontraqtirebis SemTxvevaSi) da kontraqtorebis (movla-SekeTebis gundebis qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi) mxridan.

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4. adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis dafinansebamovla-SekeTebis nebismier sistemaSi gansaxorcielebeli saqmianobis moculoba ganisazRvreba arsebuli dafinansebis mixedviT. Sesabamisad, am TavSi gaanalizebulia karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis mosalodneli xarjebi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis an mikro sawarmoebis mier, aRniSnulis Sedareba movla-SekeTebis dafinansebis arsebul doneebTan da kontraqtis TanxebTan. agreTve ganxilulia, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis gziT gaumjobesdes municipalitetis doneze movla-SekeTebisaTvis gansazRvruli SezRuduli dafinansebis efeqturoba.

4.1 movla-SekeTebis gundebis xarjebi115. am nawilSi ganxilulia SemoTavazebuli movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis an mikro sawarmoebis mosalodneli xarjebi erT kilometrze. pirvel rigSi gamoTvlilia xarji erT samuSao dReze, ris Semdegac miaxloebiT aris gansazRvruli erT kilometrze samuSao dReebis saWiro raodenoba. bolos, gamoTvlilia erTi kilometris Rirebuleba gzis ori kategoriisaTvis da kontraqtis gansxvavebuli meqanizmebisaTvis.

xarji erT samuSao dReze116. movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli gundebis an mikro sawarmoebis ZiriTadi xarji iqneba muSaxelis xarjebi. saTanado saSualo wminda dRiur anazRaurebad miiCneva dReSi 18 lari. amas unda daematos 20% saSemosavlo gadasaxadi16, Sesabamisad, yoveldRiuri gasamrjelos odenoba daqviTvamde Seadgens 22.50 lars.

117. muSaxelis xarjebis garda arsebobs sxva, araSromiTi xarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia instrumentebis da transportirebis xarjebsa da masalebis Sesyidvis xarjebTan. es xarjebi, rogorc wesi, gamoxatulia muSaxelis xarjebis garkveuli procentis saxiT, amdenad avtomaturad xdeba gzis sigrZis da mis movla-SekeTebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTulis gaTvaliswineba. saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis safuZvelze da saqarTveloSi maRali xelfasis donidan gamomdinare rekomendebulia es xarjebi muSaxelis xarjebis 15%-is odenobiT ganisazRvros. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, es SeiZleba iyos erTiani gadaxda an kontraqtis farglebSi rezervirebuli Tanxa, romlis gadaxda moxdeba faqtobrivi danaxarjebis da saWiroebis Sesabamisad. amdenad, yoveldRiuri gasamrjelo transportis da masalebis CaTvliT daqviTvamde utoldeba daaxloebiT 26 lars.

118. dabolos, aris xarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia zednadeb xarjebTan da mogebis marJasTan, ise, rogorc kompaniis mier dasaricxi gadasaxadebi. mikro sawarmoebisTvis es xarjebi iqneba ufro dabali, vinaidan maT SemTxvevaSi ar aris saWiro dRg-s daricxva (miuxedavad imisa, rom savaraudod maT mouwevT 5%-iani brunvis gadasaxadis gadaxda, Tu axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi damtkicda). mogeba Semoifargleba gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebiT, zednadebi xarjebi ki moicavs mxolod registraciis da sabuRaltro aRricxvis warmoebis xarjebs. amdenad, mosalodnelia, rom mikro sawarmoebisTvis es xarjebi Seadgens ganxorcielebis xarjebis 10%-s, romelic moicavs saxelfaso, transportis da masalebis xarjebs, da erTi samuSao dRis saerTo xarji gautoldeba daaxloebiT 28.50 lars.

16 es moicavs socialur gadasaxadebs. momdevno ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi mosalodnelia saSemosavlo gadasaxadis 15%-mde Semcireba.

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119. kontraqtorebisTvis es procenti ufro maRali iqneba, vinaidan maT unda daaricxon 20% dRg (mTlian gadasxdel Tanxas), maT eqnebaT ufro maRali zednadebi xarjebi da garkveuli mogebis marJa. amdenad, kontraqtorebisTvis es procenti savaraudod gautoldeba ganxorcielebis xarjebis daaxloebiT 45%-s, xelfasebis, transportis da masalebis xarjebis CaTvliT (20% zednadebis da mogebis da 30% dRg-s – eqvivalenti 20% dRg mTlian xarjebze). Sedegad, kontraqtoris mier qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi mTliani xarji erT samuSao dReze Seadgens 37.50 lars.

muSaxelis saWiroeba120. Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis sistemis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia muSaxelis saWiroeba erT kilometrze, romelic, rogorc wesi, gamoxatulia rogorc saWiro samuSao dReebis raodenoba erT kilometrze weliwadSi (Tumca, xSirad es maCvenebeli gamoxatulia rogorc kilometrebis raodenoba, romelTa movla-SekeTeba realurad SeiZleba ganaxorcielos srul ganakveTze momuSave erTma adamianma). erT kilometrze saWiro samuSao dReebis raodenoba damokidebuli iqneba gzis erTi kilometrisaTvis saWiro samuSaos saSualo moculobaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom SesaZlebelia erTi kilometrisaTvis samuSaos saWiro moculobis gamoTvla wina, resursebze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis SemTxvevaSi arsebuli samuSaos saSualo moculobebis mixedviT, ar aris garkeuli, asaxavs Tu ara es movla-SekeTebis faqtobriv saWiroebebs Tu mxolod moculobebs, romlebic ganxorcielebulia movla-SekeTebisaTvis gansazRvruli SezRuduli saxsrebiT. amas garda, es Tanxebi, rogorc wesi, mxolod SedarebiT cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisaTvis aris gansazRvruli, vinaidan karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis meTodis gamoyenebis gamocdileba mwiria.

121. amis nacvlad, moxdeba sxva qveynebis magaliTis mixedviT erT kilometrze muSaxelis saSualo moTxovnebis gamoyeneba. es meryeobs daaxloebiT 50-idan 130 samuSao dRemde erT kilometrze weliwadSi, gzis zedapiris tipis, topografiuli specifikis, klimatis, transportis moZraobis doneebis da raodenobis da gzis struqturebis xarisxis (e.w. kulvertebi) mixedviT. rogorc wesi, gzis movla-SekeTebis kategoriebis SezRuduli raodenoba ganisazRvreba am maxasiaTeblebis safuZvelze, TiToeuli kategoriisTvis erT kilometrze muSaxelis fiqsirebuli resursis da movla-SekeTebis ganakveTebis gamoyenebiT.

122. SemoTavazebuli sapilote raionebisaTvis rekomendebulia, rom Tavdapirveli erT kilometrze mwarmoeblurobis ganakveTebi daefuZnos saerTaSoriso gamocdilebas karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli moasfaltebuli gzebisaTvis, sadac transportis moZraobis doneebi SedarebiT dabalia, topografia aris swori an saSualo da arsebobs saTanado drenaJis sistema. aseTi gzebisTvis saerTaSoriso gamocdilebaSi xSirad erT kilometrze gamoiyeneba 50 samuSao dRe, xolo msgavsi gzebis SemTxvevaSi, sadac moZraobis ufro maRali donea an ufro maRalmTian adgilebSi arsebuli gzebisTvis, sadac ufro maRalia Camonazvavis da wyliT miyenebuli zianis riski, es maCvenebeli SeiZleba gaizardos 65 samuSao dRemde erT kilometrze. Tumca, es efuZneba (sub)tropikuli qveynebis magaliTebs, sadac movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi tardeba mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. saqarTveloSi, sadac zamTris sezonisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Tovli da dabali temperaturebi, rac SeuZlebels xdis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis warmoebas, Semcirdeba muSaxelze dafuZnebuli rutinuli movla-SekeTebis ganxorcielebis periodi. Tumca, imavdroulad, Tovlis dnoba xSirad iwvevs mniSvnelovan problemebs sadrenaJo sistemebis gaWedvis da wyliT gamowveuli dazianebis kuTxiT. amdenad, rekomendebuli mwarmoeblurobis ganakveTi gansazRvrulia 40-50 samuSao dRis odenobiT erT kilometrze, ufro dabali maCvenebelia ufro vake adgilebisaTvis da moZraobis dabali donis mqone adgilebisaTvis, da ufro maRali maCvenebeli ufro daqanebuli adgilebisaTvis da moZraobis SedarebiT maRali donis mqone adgilebisaTvis.

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xarji erT kilometrze

123. pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebuli mikro sawarmoebisTvis erT samuSao dReze mTliani xarjis -- 28.50 laris, xolo kontraqtorebis mier qvekontraqtis safuZvelze daqiravebuli movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli gundebisTvis -- 37.50 laris gaTvaliswinebiT, erT kilometrze 40-50 samuSao dRis saWiroebasTan erTad, gulisxmobs Semdeg standartul xarjebs erT kilometrze.

cxrili 8: movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli adgilobrivi gundebis xarjebi erT kilometrze

gzis maxasiaTeblebi mikro sawarmoebis

pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiraveba

lari/km/weliwadi

qvvekontraqtiT daqiraveba

kontraqtorebis gavliT

lari/km/weliwadi

SedarebiT vake adgilebi da dabali moZraoba

1,150 1,500

SedarebiT cicabo adgilebi an/da maRali moZarobis doneebi

1,400 1,900

124. unda aRiniSnos, rom es ganakveTebi faravs mxolod movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli adgilobrivi gundebis da im RonisZiebebis xarjebs, romlebic CarTulia Sesrulebaze dafuZnebul kontraqtebSi. amas unda daematos zamTris movla-SekeTebis xarjebi da nebismieri saWiro safariani gzis SekeTebis xarjebi. safariani gzis SekeTebis xarjebi rTuli gansasazRvria imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom arsebuli danaxarjis doneebi efuZneba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebs da rogorc aseTi iqneba mniSvnelovnad maRali, vidre karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis SemTxvevaSi. amas garda, ar aris garkveuli, es Tanxebi asaxavs Tu ara faqtobriv saWiroebas Tu mxolod faqtobrivad gamoyofil Tanxebs gamoxatavs. rogorc Cans, mcire dafinanseba gamoiyofa adgilobrivi gzebis zamTris movla-SekeTebisaTvis, rac goris municipalitetisaTvis Seadgens mTliani kontraqtis Tanxis mxolod 3%-s. Tumca, es ar asaxavs faqtobriv saWiroebas, vinaidan imave teritoriaze saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi gzebis qselis SemTxvevaSi zamTris movla-SekeTebis xarji Seadgens kontraqtis mTliani Tanxis TiTqmis naxevarze mets.

4.2 adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis dafinanseba

125. rogorc pirvel TavSi aRiniSna, amJamindeli dafinanseba adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebisaTvis municipaluri biujetidan Seadgens daaxloebiT 800 lars erT kilometrze weliwadSi. zogierTi municipaliteti am Tanxaze mets xarjavs, zogierTi naklebs, xolo municipalitetebis sakmaod didi nawili saerTod ar gamoyofs adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebisaTvis saxsrebs. aSkaraa, rom amdenad, wina nawilSi aRniSnuli saWiro dafinansebis doneebi ver miiaRweva moklevadian perspeqtivaSi, miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT rom unda daifaros damatebiToi xarjebi zamTarSi movla-SekeTebisaTvis da gzis safarTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi, da rom es xarjebi kidev ufro maRali iqneba gzebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic ar aris karg mdgomareobaSi.

126. amdenad movla-SekeTebis SezRuduli dafinansebis gamo saWiroa garkveuli gzebisaTvis prioritetis miniWeba movla-SekeTebis Catarebis kuTxiT, sxvebi ki rCeba saerTod movla-SekeTebis gareSe an Cautardeba mxolod Zalian mcire moculobiT movla-SekeTeba. amJamad es xorcieldeba agreTve movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis, romlebic ZiriTadad mimarTulia kontraqtebis mocvis arealSi

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moqceuli qselis 40%-ze, ZiriTadad es aris safariani gzebi. Sedegad, miuxedavad imisa, rom goris municipalitetisTvis adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebis kontraqti oficialurad 580 000 lars Seadgens da moicavs adgilobrivi gzebis 400 km-s, rac niSnavs 1450 lars erT kilometrze, faqtobrivi ganxorcieleba mimarTulia gzebis qselis daaxloebiT 40%-ze, ris Sedegadac movla-SekeTebisaTvis gamoyofili Tanxa Seadgens 3600 lars erT kilometrze (Tumca, es Tanxa moicavs mxolod Zalian minimalur wils zamTris movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis).

127. mxolod axla amJamindeli midgomis mixedviT xdeba cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis prioritetizacia gaumjobesebuli xelmisawvdomobis moTxovniT adgilobriv doneze arsebuli zewolis perspeqtividan, ris Sedegadac erT kilometrze movla-SekeTebis xarjebi maRalia da movla-SekeTebis farglebSi eqceva gzis qselis mxolod mcire nawili. rogorc pirvel TavSi iyo axsnili, es iwvevs mankier wres, rodesac cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis prioritetad dayeneba iwvevs karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis mdgomareobis daCqarebul gauaresebas, romlebic movla-SekeTebis gareSe darCeba, Semdgom Seiqmneba ufro maRali Rirebulebis Carevis saWiroeba, saboloo jamSi ki movla-Senaxvis biujeti gaizrdeba da gzebis saerTo mdgomareoba gauaresdeba.

128. am angariSSi SemoTavazebulia gansxvavebuli midgoma, romlis mixedviTac karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebi prioritetulad aris miCneuli, rac uzrunvelyofs maTi mdgomareobis gauaresebis Semcirebas, am gzebisaTvis saWiro yovelwiluri movla-SekeTebis xarjebis minimumamde Semcirebas, am gzebis eqspluataciis vadis maqsimumamde gazrdas da movla-SekeTebis ganxorcielebis optimalurad ganawilebas. es Seamcirebs saerTo movla-SekeTebis xarjebs, gamoaTavisuflebs saxsrebs sxva gzebisaTvis. rodesac gaumjobesdeba sxva gzebis mdgomareoba da isini moeqcevian rutinuli movla-SekeTebis saTanado reJimSi, saerTo movla-SekeTebis xarjebi erT kilometrze SeiZleba kidev ufro Semcirdes da imave biujetiT SesaZlebeli gaxdes adgilobrivi gzis qselis gacilebiT ufro didi nawilis movla-SekeTeba. mokled, am angariSis mizania im gzebis kerZod, karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis rutinuli movla-SekeTebis prioritetizacia, sadac investiciis zRvruli sargebeli aris yvelaze maRali (ix. Tavi 1).

129. miuxedavad imisa, rom es midgoma mogvcems adgilobrivi gzebis qselis mniSvnelovani wilis movla-SekeTebis SesaZleblobas, dafinansebis doneebi ar aris sakmarisi yvela adgilobrivi gzis saTanado movla-SekeTebis uzrunvelsayofad, da savaraudod dafinansebis done sul mcire unda gasammagdes imisaTvis, rom Seiqmnas gzis mTliani qselis movla-SekeTebis SesaZlebloba grZelvadian periodSi, imis daSvebiT, rom SesaZlebeli iqneba gzebis karg an saSualo mdgomareobaSi moyvana centraluri mTavrobidan gamoyofili da saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebidan miRebuli kapitaluri ganviTarebis saxsrebis gamoyenebiT.

4.3 daskvna130. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTebis xarjebi didwilad aris damokidebuli im meqanizmebze, romlebic gamoiyeneba movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli muSakebis kontraqtiT daqiravebisTvis, romlebsac moeTxovebaT movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba, Tumca mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs agreTve topografia da transportis moZraoba. mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovnad dabalia xarji erT kilometrze, Tumca, es moicavs irib xarjebs, vinaidan ufro maRalia municipalitetis TanamSromlebis datirTva. saSualod kontraqtorebis gavliT adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli gundebis qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis xarji savaraudod 30-35%-iT ufro maRalia.

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131. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis xarjebi meryeobs 1,150 laridan erT kilometrze weliwadSi 1,900 laramde kilometrze weliwadSi (safariani gzis SekeTebis da zamTris movla-SekeTebis gamoklebiT), kontraqtirebis meqanizmidan, topografiisa da moZraobidan gamomdinare, saSualod 1,500 laramde kilometrze weliwadSi. es mniSvnelovnad maRalia, vidre erT kilometrze amJamad gamoyofili saSualo Tanxa -- 800 lari weliwadSi, da ar moicavs safariani gzis SekeTebis da zamTris movla-SekeTebis xarjebs, rac gulisxmobs movla-SekeTebis dafinansebis mniSvnelovnad gazrdis saWiroebas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu unda ganxorcieldes adgilobrivi gzebis mTliani qselis movla-SekeTeba.

132. Tumca, moklevadian periodSi aucilebelia prioritetis gansazRvra adgilobrivi gzebis qselis nawilis movla-SekeTebis gansaxorcieleblad. aqcenti unda gakeTdes karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebe, rodesac movla-SekeTebis investiciebis zRvruli sargebeli yvelaze maRalia, da xdeba ekonomikuri sargeblis optimizacia, mcirdeba movla-SekeTebis saerTo xarjebi da umjobesdeba gzis qselis saSualo pirobebi. gansakuTrebiT movla-SekeTebis xarjebis Semcireba mogvcems adgilobrivi gzis qselis ufro didi nawilis movla-SekeTebis SesaZleblobas.

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5. rekomendebuli midgoma da momdevno nabijebi133. wina TavebSi axsnili iyo adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis aqcentis cvlilebis saWiroeba im adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebaze, romlebic karg mdgomareobaSia, da municipalitetebis mier mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebis midgomis an adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis kontraqtorebis gavliT qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis midgomis ganxorcieleba Sesrulebis safuZvelze, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis umetesi nawili moiTxovs muSaxels. am Tavis pirvel nawilSi mokled aris Sejamebuli rekomendebuli midgoma, xolo meore nawilSi ganxilulia midgomis detalebis gansazRvris da misi ramdenime municipalitetSi pilotirebis Semdgomi nabijebi.

5.1 rekomendebuli midgoma134. movla-SekeTebis dafinanseba unda dadges prioritetad im adgilobrivi gzebisaTvis, romlebic karg mdgomareobaSia, vinaidan es gamoiwvevs movla-SekeTebis ufro dabal xarjebs da gaaumjobesebs gzis saSualo pirobebs, rac gamoiwvevs ufro dabal xarjebs momxmareblisaTvis. is agreTve gazrdis ekonomikur amonagebs movla-SekeTebaze mimarTul investiciebze. karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebisas aqcenti gakeTdeba profilaqtikuri movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebze, romlebic mimarTulia gzis dazianebis prevenciaze, Tumca agreTve moicavs gzis kalTis da gzis konstruqciebis mcire SekeTebebs, ise, rogorc asfaltis safarze mcire ormoebis amovsebas da bzarebis Sesebas.

135. imis gamo, rom karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi mimarTuli iqneba prevenciul movla-SekeTebaze da Zalian mcire moculobiT SekeTeba ganxorcieldeba gzis gafantul monakveTebze, ufro ekonomiuri iqneba samuSaoebis warmarTva adgilobrivi muSaxelis gamoyenebiT, da paralelurad saWiroebisamebr teqnikis gamoyeneba. unda moxdes adgilobrivi muSaxelis adgilobriv movla-Senaxvis gundebad an mikro sawarmoebad Camoyalibeba da kontraqtiT daqiraveba Sesrulebis safuZvelze, raTa gaizardos misi efeqtianoba da efeqturoba da Semcirdes zedamxedvelobis xarjebi. am gundebma an mikro sawarmoebma saqmianoba unda awarmoon naxevrad damoukideblad da unda daekisroT erTi an ramdenime konkretuli gzis movla-Senaxvis pasuxismgebloba; amavdroulad, maTi pasuxismgebloba Semoifargleba im RonisZiebebiT, romlebic efuZneba muSaxels, Tumca, muSaxelis SromasTan erTad saWiro iqneba garkveuli doziT teqnikis gamoyeneba (gansakuTrebiT masalebis transportirebis SemTxvevaSi). karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze teqnikaze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebi SezRuduli masStabisa iqneba da saukeTeso variantia, Tu moxdeba maTi kontraqtis safuZvelze dakisreba resursebis safuZvelze, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis sistemis danergvis mxriv saSemosavlo gadasaxadTan dakavSirebuli problemebi (ganviTrebis mogvianebiT etapze SeiZleba es sxva RonisZiebebic Sesrulebis safuZvelze ganxorcieldes).

136. SesaZlebelia movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli adgilobrivi gundebis pirdapir kontraqtiT daqiraveba municipalitetebis mier mikro sawarmoebis saxiT an qvekontraqtis safuZvelze, movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli kontraqtorebis gavliT. arCevani didwilad damokidebuli iqneba arsebul resursebze da Sesabamisi municipalitetebis SesaZleblobebze, da imaze, awarmoebs Tu ara kontraqtori amJamad adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebas. im municipalitetebSi, sadac adgilobrivi biujetis gamoyofa gzis movla-SekeTebaze ufro maRalia da kontraqtorebi ukve

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awarmoeben adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebas, upriani iqneba movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli muSakebis daqiraveba da maTi Camoyalibeba movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel araoficialur gundebad, amdenad, Tavidan iqneba acilebuli ufro maRali menejmentis tvirTi municipalitetze, im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom moxdeba adgilobrivi gzis qselis ufro didi nawilis movla-SekeTebis ganxorcieleba, maT Soris, cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisa, romlebisTvisac saWiroa teqnikis gamoyeneba da adgilobrivi kontraqtorebis CarTva. Tumca municipalitetebSi, sadac ar arsebobs an Zalian mcirea movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis dafinanseba, sadac kontraqtorebi, rogorc wesi, ar axorcieleben adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebas, yvelaze xelsayreli iqneba adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiraveba mikro sawarmoebis formiT, rac Seamcirebs movla-SekeTebis xarjebs da gazrdis SesaZlo dafarvis areals. miuxedavad imisa, rom es gazrdis municipalitetis marTvis tvirTs; SezRuduli dafinanseba gulisxmobs, rom gzebis da movla-SekeTebis kontraqtebis raodenoba ar iqneba Zalian didi.

137. Tumca, movla-SekeTebis dafinansebis arsebuli done ar iqneba sakmarisi mTliani sagzao qselis movla-SekeTebisTvis, amdenad, saWiro iqneba garkveuli gzebis prioritetad dayeneba. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, rekomendebulia karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis prioritetad dayeneba, raTa gaizardos dafarvis areali (vinaidan am gzebis movla-SekeTebis xarjebi ufro dabalia), Tumca, rac ufro mniSvnelovania, es mogvcems mogvianebiT ufro ZviradRirebuli SekeTebebis da momxmareblisaTvis ufro maRali xarjebis gamowvevis Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobas. saxsrebi, romlebic morCeba karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla-SekeTebis Semdgom, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT saSualo, cud an Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis zedapiris SesakeTeblad. aq unda moxdes wonasworobis miRweva saSualo mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis Semdgomi gauaresebis Tavidan acilebasa da cud an Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze ZiriTadi misadgomobis uzrunvelyofas Soris. cud mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebze asfaltis CakerebiT SekeTeba savaraudod araekonomiuri iqneba da saWiro iqneba perioduli movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebi gzis aRsadgenad da mis karg mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad, asfaltis gadagebis gziT. Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebisTvis saWiro iqneba rekonstruqcia, vinaidan gzis safuZveli, rogorc wesi, dasustebulia. rodesac es ar aris gamarTlebuli moklevadian perspeqtivaSi, rekomendebulia gzis misawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa xreSis gamoyenebiT. ufro detalurad rom ganisazRvros yvelaze efeqtiani movla-SekeTebis strategia, rekomendebulia HDM-IV qselis analizis Catreba erTi an ori municipalitetisTvis, imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros, rogor unda daixarjos yvelaze mizanSewonilad arsebuli movla-SekeTebis saxsrebi gzebis arsebuli mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, misi Sedareba movla-SekeTebisaTvis gamoyofil faqtobriv TanxebTan.

5.2 Semdgomi nabijebi

138. PPIAF –is dafinansebis mimdinare pirveli etapi mimarTulia adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis gaumjobesebuli midgomis SemuSavebaze, laTinuri amerikis da sxva qveynebis movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebel mikro sawarmoebTan arsebuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze. am angariSSi rekomendebulia adgilobrivi gzebis movla-SekeTebis gaumjobesebuli midgoma, romlis mixedviTac prioriteti eniWeba karg mdgomareobaSi arsebul gzebs. aseT gzebze rutinuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro iqneba muSaxelis ufro maRali resursi, risTvisac rekomendebulia Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtirebis danergva da naxevrad damoukidebeli movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis an mikro sawarmoebis gamoyenebis danergva, raTa gaizardos efeqtianoba da efeqturoba.

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erovnuli masStabis seminari139. SemoTavazebuli midgoma moicavs mTel rig mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs, romlebic unda SeTanxmdes midgomis Semdgomi detaluri damuSavebis ganxorcielebamde. Sesabamisad, rekomendebulia erovnuli donis seminaris organizeba, romelSic monawileobas miiReben regionaluri ganviTarebis da infrastruqturis saministros da misi gzebis departamentis, ramdenime municipalitetis, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagentos da sagadasaxado samsaxuris wrmomadgenlebi. am warmomadgenlebis monawileoba SesaZleblboas mogvcems, SevaTanxmoT ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, agreTve damuSavdes garkveuli detalebi, romlebic damokidebulia konkretul politikasa da kanonmdeblobaze (magaliTad, Sesyidvebi da gadasaxadebiT dabegvra). seminarze gansaxilveli sakiTxebi moicavs Semdegs:

prioritetulad unda ganisazRvros karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis movla- SekeTeba – karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis prioritetad dayenebis ekonomikuri sargebeli, movla-SekeTebis amJamindeli prioritetizaciis praqtikis saWiro cvlileba da socialuri zewolis gavlena.

aseTi gzebisaTvis saWiroa muSaxelis ufro maRali resursi –ufro maRali SromiTi resursis saWiroeba da Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtebis safuZvelze movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis an mikrosawarmoebis daqiraveba, rogorc efeqturi da efeqtiani gza movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli muSebis organizebisaTvis.

pirdapiri kontraqtiT da qvekontraqtiT daqiraveba –mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiraveba municipalitetis mier da adgilobrivi movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis qvekontraqtiT daqiraveba kontraqtorebis gavliT, da kontraqtiT daqiravebis konkretuli meTodis SerCevis kriteriumebi.

midgomis pilotireba ramdenime municipalitetSi –sapilote municipalitetebis da gzebis SerCeva, kontraqtis meTodebis SerCeva, sapilote proeqtebis xarjebi da maTi dafinanseba.

gzamkvlevebi da saxelmZRvanelo

140. mas Semdeg, rac moxdeba am sakiTxebis SeTanxmeba, SesaZlebeli iqneba midgomis ufro detalurad SemuSaveba. es ganxorcieldeba ori gzamkvlevis da saxelmZRvanelos momzadebis gziT, sadac detalurad iqneba aRwerili midgoma.

gzamkvlevi municipalitetebisaTvis – am gzamkvlevSi detalurad iqneba aRwerili mTliani midgoma, maT Soris, ori alternativa -- mikro sawarmoebi an movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebi. gzamkvlevi gamiznulia municipalitetebis TanamSromlebze, romlebsac avaliaT adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebis saqme. gzamkvlevSi warmodgenili iqneba sxvadasxva movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi, axsnili iqneba Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli kontraqtis principi da CamoTvlili iqneba Sesrulebis indikatorebi. ganxiluli iqneba agreTve movla-SekeTebis xarjebi da movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis dafinaneba movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebisaTvis Tanxis gamoyofis sxvadasxva midgomebis ekonomikuri sargebeli. es gzamkvlevi mimarTulia municipalitetis gadawyvetilebebis mimRebi pirebis xelSewyobisken movla-SekeTebis saukeTeso strategiis da ganxorcielebis meqanizmebis SerCevaSi, TavianT municipalitetebSi arsebuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.

gzamkvlevi inspeqtorebisTvis – am gzamkvlevSi warmodgenili iqneba municipalitetebis inspeqtorebis mier movla-SekeTebis samuSaoebis yovelTviuri inspeqtirebis ganxorcielebis gzebi. aRwerili iqneba movla-SekeTebis sxvadasxva RonisZiebebi da maTi Sesabamisi Sesrulebis indikatorebi, warmodgenili iqneba saWiro inspeqtirebis formebi. Semdgom aRwerili iqneba gadaxdebis sistema da jarimebis gamoyeneba Sesrulebis indikatorebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi. agreTve CarTuli iqneba Tavi movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli mikro sawarmoebis

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xelSewyobis Sesaxeb. am gzamkvlevis mizania municipalitetis teqnikuri TanamSromlebisaTvis instrumentebis miwodeba, romlebic maT esaWiroebaT karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli gzebis Sesrulebaze dafuZnebuli movla-SekeTebis warmatebulad ganxorcielebisTvis.

saxelmZRvanelo movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli gundebisTvis da mikro sawarmoebisaTvis – es saxelmZRvanelo gamiznulia konkretulad movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebel gundebze da mikro sawarmoebze; masSi aRwerilia gansxvavebuli movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebi da rogor unda ganxorcieldes isini instrumentebis da msubuqi teqnikis gamoyenebiT. agreTve ganxilulia movla-SekeTebis RonisZiebebis dagegmvasa da organizebasTan dakavSirebuli aspeqtebi. axsnilia Sesrulebis indikatorebi da rogor efuZneba gadaxdebi am indikatorebis dakmayofilebas. axsnilia movla-SekeTebis kontraqtis doumenti, yovelTviuri samuSao gegmebis da inspeqtirebis angariSebis momzadeba. Semdgom aRwerilia teqnikis daqiravebis an masalebis Sesyidvis procesi. erTi Tavi daeTmoba mikro sawarmod registraciis Temas da Semdgom saoperacio procedurebs saSemosavlo gadasaxadis, brunvis gadasaxadis, mogebis gadasaxadis da (gamartivebuli) buRaltruli aRricxvis Temas. saxelmZRvanelo miznad isaxavs movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli gundebisaTvis da mikro sawarmoebisTvis codnis miwodebas, romelic maT sWirdebaT saqmianobis warmatebiT gansaxorcieleblad. saxelmZRvanelo atarebs rogorc treningis saxelmZRvanlos, ise saxelmZRvanelo dokumentis datvirTvas.

141. SeiZleba mkafio iyos, rom zemoT aRniSnuli dokumentebi sasargeblo iqneba agreTve kontraqtorebisaTvis movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli gundebis qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi, da maT miecemaT muSaxelis gundebad organizebis da Sesrulebis safuZvelze maTi kontraqtiT daqiravebis SesaZlebloba. qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis SemTxvevaSi inspeqtireba igive darCeba, im gansxvavebiT, rom ganxorcieldeba kontraqtorTan da SeiZleba moicavdes resursze dafuZnebul movla-SekeTebis damatebiT RonisZiebebs.

sapilote raionebi142. erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi, romelic ganxiluli unda iyos seminarze, esaa PPIAF –is meore etapi, SemuSavebuli midgomis pilotirebis Sesaxeb. principSi, PPIAF –ma Tanxmoba gamoTqva, daafinansos teqnikuri daxmareba sapilote etapisaTvis, Tumca, savaraudod, saWiro iqneba faqtobrivi movla-SekeTebis xarjebis dafarva sxva wyarodan. MRDI-m msoflio banks daxmareba sTxova am sapilote mimarTulebebis dafinansebaSi, razec msoflio bankma Tanxmoba ganacxada im pirobiT, rom xarjis mniSvnelovan nawils mTavroba daafinansebs. amdenad, sapilote mimarTulebebis dafinanseba iqneba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelic unda SeTanxmdes seminaris dros.

Tu SesaZlebeli gaxda SeTanxmebis miRweva procesis gagrZelebis da midgomis pilotirebis Taobaze, da miiRweva konsensusi sapilote mimarTulebebis dafinansebis zomebTan dakavSirebiT, unda SemuSavdes am sapilote midgomebTan dakavSirebuli detalebi. rekomendebulia, es samuSao maqsimalurad ganxorcieldes seminaris dros, Tumca garkveuli detalebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros mogvianebiT RD –sa da sapilote municipalitetebTan erTad. unda SeTanxmdes sapilote proeqtebis Semdegi detalebi:

sapilote municipalitetebi: rekomendebulia 2-dan 4-mde municipalitetis SerCeva. municipalitetebs unda hqondeT sakmarisi raodenobiT karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi gzebi (romlebic mTlianobaSi daaxloebiT 100 km-s unda Seadgendes). sul mcire erT municipalitets amJamad unda hyavdes kontraqtori, romelic axorcielebs adgilobrivi gzis movla-SekeTebas da hqondes movla-SekeTebis dafinansebis biujeti 200,000 laris an metis odenobiT (es municipaliteti moaxdens movla-SekeTebis gundebis qvekontraqtiT daqiravebis pilotirebas arsebuli kontraqtoris gavliT). sul mcire erT municipalitetSi amJamad ar unda xorcieldebodes adgilobrivi gzis qselis movla-SekeTeba (es municipaliteti

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ganaxorcielebs movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli mikro sawarmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebis gziT pilotirebas). agreTve rekomendebulia iseTi municipalitetebis CarTva, romlebsac aqvT gansxvavebuli topografiuli maxasiaTeblebi, sul mcire erTi municipalitetis reliefi unda unda iyos daqanebuli.

sapilote gzebi –sapilote gzebis saerTo sigrZe unda Seadgendes daaxloebiT 100 km-s. sasurvelia, Tu es iqneba axlaxans reabilitirebuli asfaltiani gzebi, Tumca SeiZleba misaRebi iyos agreTe SedarebiT Zveli gzebi, romlebic jer kidev karg mdgomareobaSia. gzebs unda gaaCndes saTanado sadrenaJo sistema. rekomendebulia aqcentis gakeTeba SLRP gzebze.

kontraqtis sapilote meTodebi – sapilote mimarTulebebi unda moicavdes rogorc municipalitetebis mier movla-SekeTebis ganmaxorcielebeli mikro sawrmoebis pirdapiri kontraqtiT daqiravebas, ise movla-SekeTebis mwarmoebeli gundebis qvekontraqtiT daqiravebas kontraqtorebis gavliT. garkveulwilad es ganisazRvreba municipalitetis specifikuri maxasiaTeblebiT, Tumca municipalitetebis SerCevisas garkveviT unda iyos gansazRvruli, romeli municipaliteti romeli meTodis pilotirebas moaxdens, da municipalitetebisaTvis misaRebi unda iyos.

sapilote proeqtebis xarjebi –kontraqtirebis sxvadasxva meTodebis da gansxvavebul topografiul maxasiaTeblebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi warmodgenilia 4.1 seqciaSi. me-8 cxrilSi miTiTebuli movla-SekeTebis saSualo xarji Seadgens 1500 lars erT kilometrze weliwadSi (zafxulis sezoni). amis Sedegad movla-SekeTebis sapilote proeqtebis mTliani xarji 100 km-ian gzaze 150,000 laramde gaizrdeba (80,000 aSS dolarze odnav meti). ra Tqma unda, faqtobrivi xarji damokidebuli iqneba sapilote gzebis saerTo sigrZeze, SerCeuli municipalitetebis topografiul maxasiaTeblebze da kontraqtis SerCeul meTodebze.

sapilote proeqtebis dafinanseba – sapilote proeqtebis dafinansebis wyaroebi garkveuli unda iyos TiToeuli sapilote municipalitetisaTvis. es SeiZleba moicavdes municipaluri dafinansebis, centraluri mTavrobis da msoflio bankis dafinansebis kombinacias. rekomendebulia, waxalisdes municipalitetebis mier dafinanseba yvela sapilote municipalitetisTvis maTi dainteresebis gazrdis da CarTulobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.

Semdgomi nabijebi

144. qvemoT warmogidgenT gansazRvrul Semdgom nabijebs:

winamdebare meore angariSis Targmna da gavrceleba (2010 wlis oqtomber-noemberi)mesame misiis organizeba da erovnuli masStabis seminaris momzadeba

(2010 wlis noemberi)mesame misia saqarTveloSi (2010 wlis dekembris pirveli kvira)

-erovnuli masStabis seminari saqarTveloSi-midgomis zogad sakiTxebze SeTanxmeba- sapilote proeqtebis detalebis gansazRvra da maTi SeTanxmeba

gzamkvlevebis da saxelmZRvanelos SemuSaveba (2010 wlis dekember-Tebervali)

gzamkvlevebisa da saxelmZRvanelos Targmna da gavrceleba (2011 Tebervali-marti)

sapilote proeqtebis ganxorcieleba (2011 wlis marti-noemberi)

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