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Environmentally Sustainable Development

VII

Book of Abstracts

Chief EditorIftikhar A. Raja

COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad (Pakistan)

Proceeding of the Seventh International Conference onEnvironmentally Sustainable Development

ESDev – 2017Rescheduled 26-28 August 2017

Department of Environmental Sciences,CIIT-Abbottabad, Pakistan

Published by:COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyUniversity Road,AbbottabadPakistan

© 2017, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan

No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission from the copyright owner.

ISBN: 978-969-487-023-6

Printed by:

Editorial Board

Chief Editor Dr. Iftikhar A. Raja

Editor Dr. Arshid Pervez

Associate Editors Dr. Romana Khan Dr. Maria Siddique Dr. Irum Shahzadi

Technical Editor Waqar Azim

Conference Patronage

Dr S M Junaid Zaidi H.I; S.I; (Exceutive Director)Dr. Raheel Qamar S.I.(Rector, CIIT)Dr. Arshid Pervez (Director, CIIT, Abbottabad)

Organizing Committee Member

Iftikhar A Raja CoordinatorArshid Pervez ChairmanQaisar Mahmood Secretary

Members M. Maroof ShahMuhmmad Irshad Farid Ullah Raza AhmedMohammad BilalJamshaid HussainMaria SiddiqueArshad Mahmood AbbasiAbdur Rehman Ayesha Baig Fazli Wahid Khalid Ahmad Nosheen MirzaM. Javed Iqbal Muhammad Shahzad Humaira AyubRashid Nazir Sabaz Ali Khan Muhammad AliRomana JamshedYasar Sajjad Bibi Saima Zeb Habiba ZafarSadaqat

Kiramat Khan Amjad HassanRomana Khan Zulfiqar A BhattiAdnan Ahmed Tahir Abdul Nazir Irum Shahzadi Akhtar Iqbal Bilal Ahmad Zafar Ismat Nawaz Malik Tahir Hayat Rafiq Ahmed Asim Yaqoob Sidra RehamnShamyla Nawazish Shahid Masood Shah Usman Irshad Mazhar IqbalNadia Riaz Wajiha Khan Sajid Hussain Shah Ghazal Khurshid Waqar AzimM Arshad

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWith the approval of competent authority for conduct of ESDev-2017, (Rescheduled 26-28 April, 2017) in a befitting manner, following committees are notified.

Conference PatronageDr. Raheel Qamar (Rector, CIIT)Dr. Arshid Pervea (Director, CIIT Abbottabad)

Sponsors/CollaboratorsHigher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan (HEC)COMSATS Headquarter IslamabadNational Testing Service

II. International Advisory Committee Members

B. K. Bala BangladeshZhaohui Lin ChinaWu Donglei ChinaD. Prinz GermanyChartzouliakis Kostas GreeceP. K. Joshipura IndiaWidodo Brintowiyono IndonesiaCharls N Grant ItalyHom B. Rijal JapanAhmad J.S. Abu-Safa JordanM Azmi Bostam MalaysiaR. B. Kayastha Nepal

A E Eneji NigeriaBishal K Sitaula NorwayN. Shanmuglingam Sri LankaSW Amarsinghe Sri LankaG.S. Virk SwedenAhmet Uludag TurkeyMary Hancock UKMiklas Scholz UKJohn W. Twidell UKMohammad Asif UKJ. F. Nicol UK

III. National Program Committee

Javed Iqbal AUST AbbottabadSyed Zafart Ilyas AIOU IslamabadIshtiaq A Qazi NUST, IslamabadAmir H Malik CIIT IslamabadGul Najam Jami UNDP IslamabadTajamal Hussain COMSATS Islamabad Muhammad Irfan IIU IslamabadMuhammad Hanif PMD IslamabadGhulam Rasul PMD IslamabadMuhammad Ashraf PCRWR IslamabadQazi Moinuddin Abro MU-ISTD, Sindh Arjumand Zaidi IST KarachiBadar M Ghauri IST Karachi

M. Ghaffar Doggar MoA, Punjab, Lahore Mahr Sahibzad Khan RMC/PMD LahoreMuhammad Farooq BZU Multan Zahid M Khan BZU Multan Saleem Raza Samo QUEST NawabshahMuddasi Israr UoB QuettaUzaira Rafique FHWU, RawalpindiMuhammad Shahid CIIT Vehari

We express our sincere appreciations to authors and co-authors for submitting and/or presenting their work at ESDev-2017. Lastly we are thankful to Chairman, Higher Education Commission; Executive Director, COMSATS Headquarter Islamabad; Rector, CIIT, Director, CIIT Abbottabad Campus for their whole hearted support to make this conference a success.

May God Almighty give us the ability and strength to serve the humanity and be kind to His creation.

Iftikhar A. RajaCoordinatorESDev-2017

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PREFACE

It is increasingly clear that the world climate is undergoing large-scale changes. Because of this the environmental issues such as deforestation, habitat and biodiversity loss, overuse of natural resources, air and water pollution, and global climate change all are becoming ever more strident. Not just our survival and wellbeing but of all the living beings depends on planning and actions regarding the conservation of our natural environment. The scientific evidences to interpret these changes are still evolving and seeking definitions in the scientific community and literature.

In 2005, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology took the initiative, in line with the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals ‘MDG’ set in 2005, by launching a series International Conferences: “Environmentally Sustainable Development” (ESDev). Since 2005 the ESDev series of conference is held regularly alternate year. The earlier six conferences successfully addressed the vital issues revolving around “Environment and Sustainable Development”. Utilizing the same platform and in accordance the recommendation of ESDev-2005, the 7th International Conference, “Environmentally Sustainable Development” ESDev-VII has been organized

With all of excellent work of participating professionals, the 7 th International Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development (ESDev-VII) was successfully held on 26–28, August 2017 at Abbottabad, Pakistan. The ESDev-VII Conference brought together hundreds of professionals from academia, industries, local enterprises and agencies to translate ideas, success stories, case studies, current trends, and technologies into solutions for environmental protection and enhancement of the ongoing actions and activities. Professional discussions and beneficial communications about recent topics covering almost all aspects of environment were made during all sessions. Over 160 abstracts were received of which about 100 papers were submitted. The Book of Abstracts contains 100 abstracts related to environment, climate change. Over 100 papers are presented in two parallel sessions and displayed in poster form.

The number of themes and unequal distribution of the papers under these themes represents particularly the academic response to the call for papers. Issues of local concern and expertise are particularly well represented. Perhaps in future years it would be appropriate to encourage participation from a wider environmental perspective.

It is expected that the environmental issues and concern discussed at ESDev-VII, among the stakeholders in an area of immense importance would result in specific actions, to craft suitable policies and to take the necessary action to protect and sustain the environment. Research and technical papers presented at ESDev-VII will evoke interest and subsequent discussion and practical implementation not only by the delegates attending the conference, but also by others

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involved in environment related activities, like research and teaching institutions, NGOs and individuals working in private and public sector.

Iftikhar Ahmed RajaCoordinator

ESDev-VII ConferenceCOMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Abbottabad Pakistan

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CONTENTSA ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

AAP-01 Assessment of PM1, PM 2.5 and PM10 from Abbottabad to Haripur HattarSalman Saleem, Shamyla Nawazish, Araib Zahid, Nadia Riaz, Mian Abdul Rasheed, and Aamir Muhammad

AAP-02 Effect of Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution on Cardiovascular DiseasesHina Shabbir, Didar Ahmed, Raja Zaki and Faridullah

AAP-03 A New Approach to Synthesize, Characterize and Evaluate Porous Zirconia Membrane for Carbon Dioxide SeparationSajid H. Shah, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Suzana Yusup, Katsuki Kusakabe, Iftikhar A. Raja, MM Shah

ASP-04 Reducing Extractability of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils using selected amendmentsBushra Haroon, Zuhaib Ayub and Muhammad Irshad

ASP-06 Growth Response of Triticum Aestivum to Tio2 NanoparticlesM. Ahmad and M. Arshad

ASP-07 Extractability of Phosphorus in the Profiles of Compost amended SoilsHabib Ahmed, Didar Ahmed, Hina Shabbir, Raja Zakir and Faridullah

ASP-09 Phytoremediation Abilitiy of Pelargonium Zonale in Cadmium Contaminated SoilIram Gul, Maria Manzoor, Jean Kallerhoff, Muhammad Arshad

ASP-10 Cadmium Toxicity from Cigarette Butts’ Decomposition in SoilKinza Shah, Farhan Hafeez, Rashid Nazir, Faridullah, Akhtar Iqbal

ASW-01 Strategies for Solid Waste Management-A Case for Hyderabad CityAmmara Kaynat, Ali Raza Khoso, Aisha Anis Sakrani, Muhammad Akram Akhund

ASW-02 Prevalence of Iodine in Soils of Hazara Division and Its Relationship with Soil PropertiesJ. Ali, S. K. Lughmani, M. Mohiuddin, Z. Hussain and M. Irshad

ASW-03 Solid Waste Management: Practices and Problems of Hyderabad CityAli Raza Khoso, Ammara Kaynat, Shanker Lal Mehgwar, Ashfaque Ahmed Pathan

ASW-07 Synthesis and Application of Carbon Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste and Their CharacterizationMukhtar ul Hassan, Muhammad Zahid Qureshi, Haseeb Ghaffar and Shabnum Rahmat, Rabia Hayee

ASW-08 Effect of Solid Municipal Waste on Soil Enzymatic Patterns of Abbottabad RegionSardar Hadeed Ahmed, Bilal Ahmad Zafar Amin

AWT-01 Study on the Recovery of Chromium From Waste Tanning Liquor and Its Re-Utilization: Technology Innovation Through Recycling For TanneriesBeenaZehra and Hafiz Rub Nawaz

AWT-03 Biological Treatment of golden Powder Dye by Anaerobic Method using UASBSana Ghaffar, Qaisar Mahmood, Shahida Shaheen

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AWT-05 Physico-Chemical Characterization of Selected Marble Industries’ Effluents In District MardanAlamgir Khan, Shams Ali Baig, Muhammad Qasim, Zeshan Ali, Dilawar Farhan Shams, Attaullah Khan

AWT-12 Removal of Imidacloprid from Aqueous Media by Biocomposites: Kinetic and Equilibrium StudyHaq Nawaz Bhatti, Anam Rana and Saima Norreen

AWT-14 Kinetic Study of Biodegradation of Cypermethrin in Batch Reactor by Indigenous Bacteria Muhammad Farhan, Maqsood Ahmad, Amina Kanwal, Zahid Ali Butt, Abdul Wahid, Faiza Sharif, Amin U Khan

AWT-19 Amino Functionalized Metal Organic Frameworks For Adsorptive Removal of Chlorine CompoundsMarria Ghalib, Uzaira Rafique and Hira Saleem

AWT-20 Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Fe3O4 NanoparticlesAyesha Iftikhar, Fazli Wahid, Maria Siddique, Irum Shahzadi, Romana Khan

AWT-21 Effect of pH and Particle Size on Removal of Reactive Dye Using Local BiomassMaria Siddique, Romana Khan, Robina Farooq,, Nadia Riaz, Irum Shahzadi,, Ummara Waheed and M. Bilal

AWT-22 Arsenic Removal From Water Using Banana Peels: Role of Arsenic Level and Incubation TimeRiaz A. Tabassum, Muhammad Shahid, Camille Dumat, Sana Khalid, Samina Khalid, Muhammad Imran, Noor S. Shah, Nabeel K. Niazi

B GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND ALTERNATE ENERGYBAE-01 Liquid-liquid Extraction of Benzene and Cyclohexane Using Ionic

LiquidsMohamad Azmi Bustam

BAE-02 Application of Solar PV in Pakistan: A Comparison of Very Large Scale and Small Scale SystemsMuhammad Asif

BAE-05 Optimizing Grid Infrastructure For Meeting Electricity Demands Using On-Site Generation – A Case Study Of Isle Of Gigha, UkFaisal Farooq

BAE-06 Theoretical Studies to Investigate The Effect of Different Cores in Two Different Topologies in Donor Materials Toward Organic Solar CellsShamsa Bibi, Shafiq ur Rehman and Jingping Zhang

BAE-07 Estimation of Hydropower Capacity and Unknown River Flows at Athmuqam by GIS and Regression TechniqueMuhammad Ahsan Amjed, Kafaitullah, Munawar Iqbal, Parvez Akhter, Majid Ali, Salman Ahmad, Kashif Jamal

BAE-08 Assessment of Electricity Generation Potential and Emissions from Rice Residues In PakistanTarique Ahmed Memon, Khanji Harijan, Mujeeb Iqbal Soomro and

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Laveet KumarBAE-09 Energy Analysis of a Bagasse-fired Trigeneration Plant in Sugar

FactoryAsmatullah Memon, Abdul Ghafoor Memon, Khanji Harijan and Samiullah Qureshi

BAE-10 Simulation of a Solar Energy Driven Desiccant and Vapor Compression Based Air Conditioning System for Climatic Conditions of PakistanAbdul Samad Farooq, Muhammad Bilal Sajid, Abdul Waheed Badar, Mehreen Fatima

BAE-11 Production of Biodiesel by Ultrasonic-Assisted Methanolysis of Cantaloupe Seed Oil and Its Optimization By Taguchi MethodTaslim Akhtar, Muhammad Ilyas Tariq, Shahid Iqbal, Nargis Sultana, Chan Kim Wei, Noreen Sajjad

BAE-14 Modeling and Simulation of Solar Water Heater for Islamabad Region, PakistanHafiza Mahreen Fatima, Muhammad Bilal Sajid , Abdul Samad Farooq

BAE-15 Biomass Production Through Microalgae Cultivation and HarvestingSyed Hasnain Shah and Iftikhar A. Raja

BAE-16 Ever Increasing Electricity Demand of Pakistan and Future Power Generation OptionsShoaib Ahmed, Mohammad Aslam Uqaili, Khanji Harijan, Syed Feroz Shah, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat

BGT-03 Effect of Micro-Channel Aspect Ratio on Pressure Drop and Heat TransferMuhammad Mohsin Tanveer, Muhammad Bilal Sajid, Hafiza Mahreen Fatima

BGT-04 Modification of TiO2 to Harvest Visible Light: A Review on Doping using Transition MetalsMehraj Javed, Nadia Riaz, Arshid Pervez and Shamyla Nawazish

BGT-05 Photocatalytic Degradation Of Azo Dye Using TiO2 Doped Photocatalysts Under Visible Light IrradiationMaryam Hassan, Nadia Riaz, Arshid Pervez, Qaiser Mehmood, Umar Farooq, Maria Siddique, Muhammad Saqib Khan, and Rizwana Sarwar

D AGRICULTURE SYSTEM: FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT

DAE-009 Soil Borne Fungal Pathogens: Threat for Environment and its Control Through FungicidesSundus Abdul Majeed and Ayesha Shafqat

DAE-10 Impact of Nickel Metal on The Growth of Vigna Mungo L. SeedlingsSabir Jamil, Sundus Abdul Majeed, Faran Durani, Ayesha Shafqat and Javed Ahmed

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DAE-11 Ethnobotanical Studies, Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Withania Somniferum Afifa Mukhtar, Khizar Hayat Bhatti

DAE-12 System of rice intensification (SRI) as the way of production system for small holder farmers to sustainability: Case study from ThailandPhassakon Nuntapanich

DAE-15 Drought and Elevated CO2: Nutritional Composition of the “White Gold” Gossypium Hisutum L. (Upland Cotton) Under the Multiple Abiotic StressesFazia Ghaffar, Ikhtiar Khan, Abid Mehmood

DAE-16 Determination of (+)-, (-)-, Gossypol Content of Gossypium Hirsutum L Seeds Grown under the Existing Agro-Climatic Conditions of Punjab, PakistanFazia Ghaffar, Ikhtiar Khan, Abid Mehmood, Sarfaraz Ahmed

DAE-23 Impact of Boron And Nitrogen Under Salinity Level On The Potential Of Cotton VarietiesMuhammad Sarosh Nazar, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq, Muhammad Zeeshan, Hafiza Samra Younas and Saddam Hussain

DAE-26 Effect of Sheep Compost Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on the Availability of Phosphorus Raja Zakir, Hina Shabbir, Didar Ahmed and Faridullah

DAE-31 Foliar Applied Potassium (K) Alteration in Water Relations and Chlorophyll Content of Camelina Under Salt Stress ConditionZahoor Ahmad, Maria Athar, Syeda Sadaf Zehra, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Hinnan Khalid and M. Aamir Iqbal

DAE-32 Impact of Foliar Applied Salicylic Acid (SA) on Growth, Water Relations and Chlorophyll Content Of Camelina Under Water Stress ConditionZahoor Ahmad, Maria Rasool, Syeda Sadaf Zehra, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich and Hinnan Khalid

DAE-33 Effect of Organic Amendments on Physiological and Growth Parameters of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) n Cadmium Contaminated SoilMehwish Zafar, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Ghulam Murtaza, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan and Muhammad Tahir Shehzad

DAE-34 Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bergenia ciliataSaddaf Rashid, Muhammad Azeem, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Muhammad Maroof Shah, Rafiq Ahmad

DAE-035 Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of DiclipterabupleuroidesSidra tulmuntaha, Gulsanga Islam, Fiza Batool, Sana Rashid, Muhammad Maroof Shah, Romana Khan, Maria Siddique, Nighat Fatima, Irum Shahzadi

DAE-36 Spinach Biomass Under Foliar Application of Heavy Metal(Loid)S Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Faiz Rabbani, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Amjad

DAE-37 Effect of Cadmium on Chlorophyll Contents of Germinating Spinach Seedlings in the Presence and Absence of Organic Amendments

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Saliha Shamshad, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid, Marina RafiqMuhammad Sabir, Behzad Murtaza, Abu Bakr Umer Farooq, Noor Samad Shah

DAF-01 Modelling of food security in BangladeshB K Bala

DAF-04 Effect of Zero Energy Cool Chamber On Storage Life of TomatoSamina Khalid, Bahzad Murtaza, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Tahira Abbas, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Faheem Abbas, Umar Shehzad,

DAF-05 Phytotoxicity of Antibiotics to Seed Germination and Biomass In Triticum AestivumHira Imam Jamil, Muhammad Arshad

DAF-06 Evaluating Potential of Ornamental Plants to Grow In Lead Contaminated SoilMaria Manzoor, Iram Gul, Jean Kallerhoff, Muhammad Arshad

DAF-6b Studies on Factors Associated with Commercial Mango Germplasm Susceptibility Against Quick Decline of Mango Caused Lasiodiplodia Theobromae (Pat) Griff and MaubSalik Nawaz Khan, Arshad mahmood, Syed Sarwaralam, Sabirhussain Khan

DAF-07 Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Bryophyllum pinnatumTaliha Sajjad, Sobia Nisa and Maimoona Sabir

DAF-08 Safe Food Production on Sustainable Basis from Cadmium (Cd) Contaminated Soil and Waste WaterHinnan Khalid, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Aamer Maqsood, Hamaad Raza Ahmad and Maqsoda Waqar

DAF-09 Effect of Organic Amendments Combined with Phosphorus on Some Physiological Parameters of Wheat Grown n Metal Contaminated Soil Fatima Akmal, Muhammad Zia–ur-Rehman, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Sabir, Mehwish Zafar and Muhammad Zeeshan

DAF-10 Effect of Organic Amendments on Rice Yield and Cd Concentration in Various Plant Parts Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Hinnan Khalid, Muhammad Aamer Maqsood, Muhammad Sabir, Muhammad Rizwan and Arsalan Rauf

E URBANIZATION AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTEBE-01 Experimental Investigation of Flexure Behaviourof Ferrocement

BeamAdeed Khan and Mohammad Adil

EBE-02 Comparison of Normally Vibrated Concrete and Self Compacting Concrete in Structural Components of a Medium Rise BuildingAmmaraSarfraz and Mehreen Khalid

EBE-03 Energy Efficient Buildings are Mandatory for Environmental Protection Zeeshan Ullah, Naheed Akhtar, Khan Shahid Kamal Khan and Farjad Sami

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EBE-04 Cost, Strength and Environmental Effects of Concrete by Using Recycled AggregatesZeeshan Ullah, Khan Shahid Kamal Khan, Anum Khalid and Naheed Akhtar

EBE-05 Comparison of Strength of Concrete by Using Industrial Waste Water to Reduce Its Effect on EnvironmentZeeshan Ullah, Anum Khalid, Naheed Akhtar, Faiza Khalid

EBE-07 Translucent Concrete- A New Dimension f Green BuildingsAhmad Ali, Muhammad Maqbool SadiqAwan

EBE-08 Willingness to Adopt the Concept of Zero Energy BuildingsFida Siddiqui, Ali Raza Bhagat, Muhammad Akram Akhund, Ali Raza Khoso, Faraz Ahmed Lashari

EBE-09 Stress and Psychological Wellbeing of Nursing Professionals at Work Place Environment Sehrish Khan, Romana Jamshed

EBE-10 Solar Absorption Cooling System Assisted with Geothermal Heat Exchange Technology for Energy Efficient Buildings in PakistanSufyan Naeem

EUE-01 Urban Population Behaviour and Knowledge Assessment About Water Quality, Consumption and Conservation: (South Asia Case Study)Mohammad Qasim

G NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

GNR-01 Analyze the Causes and Threats to FraxinusExcelsior (Sum) in Balakot District Mansehra KPK PakistanDidar Ahmed, Faridullah, HinaShabbir and Raja Zakir

GNR-02 Leaching of Complex Sulfide Ores of Chitral and Saindak AreasIffat Tahira Siddique & Izhar-ul-Haq Khan

GWQ-02 Water Quality Assessment of Kabul River with Emphasis on Catchment Area in PakistanToqeer Ahmed, Rabbia Murtaza, Muhammad Zahir, Amir H. Malik, Muhammad Abid2, Jay Sagin

GWQ-03 Assessment of Consumer Satisfaction Level Towards Services of Water and Sanitation Agency (Wasa), RawalpindiAbeer Arshad, AnumAslam and Sofia Khalid

GWQ-05 Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Analysis with Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Life of Shahpur Dam Water Reservoir, Attock District Asma Khalil, Raihan Ahmad, Asma Jamil, Tahseenullah Khan, Said Akbar Khan

GWQ-06 Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality In Khanpur Dam Water ReservoirAsghar Ali, FarhanNasrullah, KiranRiaz, AsmaJamil, Tahseenullah Khan, Said Akbar Khan

GWQ-07 Classifying Different Zones of Lahore for Arsenic Toxicity Levels through GIS Mapping and Unscrambling Acute Health Issues of the Associated Communities

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Abdullah Yasar, TayyabaNasir, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Naveed Anwar, Aqsa Fayyaz, and Waqas U Din

GWR-01 Forecasting the Flow of Neelum River by Using Artificial Neural Network ModelingMuhammad AhsanAmjed, Kafaitullah, MunawarIqbal, ParvezAkhter, Majid Ali, Salman Ahmad, M Adnan Khan

GWR-02 Sensitivity of Estimated Runoff to Initial Abstraction in Nrcs-Cn Method for Runoff Estimation: A Case Study of Tarbela CATCHMENTArjumand Zaidi, Zeenat Yasmeen

GRW-03 Can Check Dams Restore Balochistan Aquifers Vengus Panhwar, Arjumand Zaidi, Asmat Ullah

H HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

HEH-01 Sustainable Measures to Safeguard the Families of CKDu Patients in Sri LankaSarath Wimalasiri Amarasinghe Upul Keerthi Jayawardena

HEH-08 Causes and Effects of Water Pollution on Human HealthSamreen Naeem

HEH-10 Effect of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria on the Efficiency of Monochloramines in a Lab-Scale Drinking Water SetupAmrahQureshi, Imran Hashmi and Romana Khan

HEH-11 Measurement of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides and Associated Health Hazards for Soil Samples Collected from Taxila, PakistanS. A. M. Naqvi, S. U. Rahman, M. Rafique, F. Khan, AK Salman, Iftikhar A Raja

HEH-012 Assessment of Radiological Hazards Due to Naturally Occurring Radionuclides for Soil Samples Collected from KalarSaidan, PakistanS. U. Rahman, S. A. M. Naqvi, M. Rafique, F. Khan and Z. Wazir, Iftikhar A Raja

HEH-13 Measurement of Radon Concentration in Well and Surface Water in District Mardan, PakistanZ.Wazir, F.Khan, S.G.U.S.Bukhari, Iftikhar A Raja

HEH-14 Effective Radioactive Dose Estimation from Drinking Water Sources Collected From Margala- IslamabadF. Khan , Sohail. A , S. A. Khattak, S. Tahir, Iftikhar A Raja

I DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

IDI-01 Flood Liable Aspects and Status of Sindh, PakistanBibiIlmas, ImtiazHussainMemon, MadihaTahir, Sheikh Saeed Ahmed

IDM-01 Needs and Risks of Women in Disasters: A Study Based of Earthquake 2015, NepalC. P. M. Gunawardane

IDM-02 Risk of Future Floods in Malir River Basin

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Sumaira Zafar and Arjumand Z. ZaidiS SPECIAL SYMPOSIA

Climatic Change and Environmental DynamicsSCC-01 Relating Climate Gases and Transformation in a Changing Climate

Bishal SitaulaSEI-02 Better Future is under the Threat of Invasive Alien Species

Ahmet Uludag, Khawar Jabran, SEI-03 Selecting Potential Sites of Rainwater Harvesting in Potohar using

Geospatial TechniquesBadar Ghauri and Amir Javaid

SEI-04 Cryosphere Dynamic Study of Hunza Basin Using Remote Sensing, Gisand Runoff ModelingJaveriaSaleem, Amna Butt, Adnan Shafiq and Dr. Sheikh Saeed Ahmad

SEI-06 Remote Sensing Data Application to Monitor Snow Cover Variation And Hydrological Regime in A Poorly Gauged River Catchment – Northern PakistanSamreen Abdul Hakeem, Muhammad Bilal, Arshid Pervez and Adnan Ahmad Tahir

SEI-07 Climate Change and Society: A Comparative Study of Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitude of Teachers and Doctors of Abbottabad Romana Jamshed and Sehrish Khan

ZLS-01 Solid Acid Catalysts From Biowaste and Their Potential For Biodiesel Production1Najma Memon*, 1Safia Sanam Memon, 1Shahabuddin Memon, 2Abdessadek Lachgar1

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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

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AAP-01Assessment of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 from Abbottabad to Haripur Hattar

Salman Saleem1, Shamyla Nawazish2*, Araib Zahid3, Nadia Riaz4, Mian Abdul Rasheed5, and Aamir Muhammad6

1,2*,3,4 Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS, Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad4Chief Executive, Green Emergency Forum, Islamabad, 5Institute of Developmental Studies, University of

Agriculture, [email protected]

ABSTRACTA field study has been planned for the assessment of suspended particulate Matter (PM) of different sizes ranged from 1, 2.5 and 10µm. Forty two (42) random sampling points from Abbottabad to Haripur, Hattar were selected for detecting air emissions. The values of PM 1, 2.5 and 10 were accounted with the help of portable dust trak 8520 instrument. The contrast of each value was made with standard value of PM i.e. 12 µg/m 3. The recorded values indicated that almost all values were exceeded from permissible limit as devised by EPA. The exceeded value which crossed the standard value has been observed at Mandian i.e. 306 for PM1, 338µg/m3 for PM 2.5 at Complex (AMC) and 486 µg/m3 was recorded for PM 10 at Mandian. The respective lowest values less than standard value was recorded 70 µg/m3 for PM1, 83 for PM 2.5 at stadium road and 109 µg/m 3 was noticed at Chinar road. The highest concentration was measured 9438 for PM2.5 and 15758 µg/m3at Kabbar Khanna Sabzi Mandi and 764 µg/m3 for PM1 at Al- Mezan CNG Hattar road entrance from Havelian to Haripur road. The minimum value for PM10 (109 µg/m3) was noticed at Al-Mezan CNG Hattar road entrance. The highest value observed for PM10 (2268 µg/m3) at Hattar industry road while lowest value (67 µg/m3) for PM1 was measured at Batti Chowk also were exceeding over than standard. The PM 2.5 was also high in Rehmat Steel industry at Hattar i.e. 1481 µg/m3.It has been concluded, if this rising level of PM in Abbottabad remains neglected and cannot be monitor properly, it may cause ill effects and can create economic decline in future.

AAP-02Effect of Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Diseases

Hina Shabbir*, Didar Ahmed*, Raja Zakir*and Faridullah*Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of information Technology Abbottabad

ABSTRACTBoth indoor and outdoor air pollution is a growing problem, especially in Pakistan. Concerning environmental causes of ill health, exposure to household air pollution from solid fuels is the leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease in South Asia. Chronic exposure to air pollution is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. CVDs are still a common problem in our population. The study is to assess the prevalence of CVDs due to indoor and outdoor air pollution among the patients of Ayub Teaching Hospital Complex, Abbottabad Pakistan. It was a Hospital based descriptive study carried out in Cardiology unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. A data of total 150 patients were collected from visiting patients. Among these patients of CVDs, male were found to be more predominant 89 (59%) than females 61 (41%). The present study shows that out of 150 patients 99 (66%) are affected with MI, while 51 (34%) with CAD. Conclusively, in this study male patients were more affected than females. CVDs involve both genders but the aged people of (50-70 years) are the principal victims. Socioeconomic Factors has great influence on the patient’s health. The people belonging to the Lower income group (drivers and labors) were more prone to CVDs because of extensive exposure to the outdoor air pollution. MI was dominant amongst diseases.The most important sources of indoor air pollution are that the families especially females use unsuitable fuels for the warming and cooking which are very dangerous for health. Pakistan needs to increase investment in health to reduce poverty and imbalance in health and should aware the people with downsides of this disease.

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mailto:[email protected]

AAP-03A New Approach to Synthesize, Characterize and Evaluate Porous Zirconia Membrane for

Carbon Dioxide Separation

Sajid H. Shah, Yoshimitsu Uemura*,Suzana Yusup*, Katsuki Kusakabe** Iftikhar A. Raja, MM Shah Department of Environmental Sciences, Biotechnology Programme, COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan* Centre of Biofuel and Biochemical Research / Bio-hydrogen Research,Department of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia** Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, Japan

[email protected]

ABSTRACT A crack free ZrO2 membrane has been prepared by an improved method using zirconium- n-propoxide (ZNP) as a precursor via sol-gel method. In this method hydrolyzing water was released slowly unlike conventional methods, through esterification of 1-propanol and glacial acetic acid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified that zirconia membrane was partially transformed to the tetragonal phase. Ten times dip coating membrane determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrograph is about 0.33 µm in thickness coated on α-alumina tubular support. The pore size distribution of unsupported zirconia was measured from gas adsorption and desorption indicating two modes centred at 2.0 and 1.8 nm. Pore volume was 0.00134 cm3/g and Brunaur-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area was found to be 2.585 m2 /g. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the weight loss of the samples calcined at temperatures higher than 600 oC showed no significant difference, indicating that the loss of organics is completed at the temperatures. Supported zirconia membrane was tested by a gas permeation apparatus.

ASP-04Reducing Extractability of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils using Selected

Amendments

Bushra Haroona, Zuhaib Ayuba and Muhammad Irshada

aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan

[email protected]

AbstractSoil amendments can reduce the availability of a wide range of contaminants and retard their offsite movement by water. A study was carried out to compare the immobilization of heavy metals using four soil amendments. Charcoal, saw-dust, wood-ash and lime were applied to the contaminated sandy loam (SL) and clay loam (CL) soils at the rate of 5%. Water solubility of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) in the amended soils were determined.Results showed thatthe water solubility of heavy metals was a function of soil and type of amendment.Metal concentrations in the soils were varied as Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Nickel concentration was reduced in the soil solution by the amendment: charcoal > lime > wood-ash > saw-dust. A reduction in the Pb was achieved in both soils as: saw-dust > charcoal > lime > wood-ash. The Cd extraction was reduced with the applied amendment: charcoal > saw-dust≈ lime ≈ wood-ash in the SL soil. Clay loam soil showed a different release of Cd after amendment: control > wood ash > saw-dust ≈ lime. Chromium was reduced in CL soil by 55.3, 39.2, 32.1 and 30.1% with 5% application of charcoal, saw-dust, wood-ash and lime, respectively. This study confirms that the extractability of heavy metals in soils can be reduced by a suitable soil amendment.

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ASP-06

Growth Response of Triticum Aestivum to TiO2 Nanoparticles

M. Ahmad and M. Arshad*Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12,

Islamabad, 44000, [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe most recent advancement made in the sphere of environment and nanotechnology is the potential assessment of nanoparticles in soil and plants. This study focused on assessing the potential effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles on growth parameters of Triticum aestivum. For this purpose, TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using Sol-gel method, crystalline phase and size was determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and for the surface morphology of prepared TiO2 nanoparticles Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. Pot experiment was carried out in natural conditions. Pots were filled with sieved soil and seeds of Triticum aestivum were sown. Different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles i.e. 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg kg-1 were applied to plants in anatase phase, with particle size less than 20 nm for a period of 120 days. Control (without TiO2) were also set for comparison. The experiment was in a complete randomized block design with five replicates for each treatment. After exposure duration, Triticum aestivum was harvested and growth parameters including root shoot length, fresh dry biomass and number of spikes were examined. Chlorophyll content was monitored regularly during the exposure period. Results showed promoted growth of Triticum aestivum by increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. At 50 mg kg-1 of TiO2

nanoparticles, dry root and shoot biomass increased up to 1.3 and 2-fold respectively. Significant increase in root and shoot length was observed in TiO2 nanoparticles treatment as compared to control. Approximately 1 and 1.3-fold increase in the root and shoot length of Triticum aestivum was observed at highest TiO2 nanoparticles treatment level as compared to control. Number of spikes in Triticum aestivum and chlorophyll content also increased upon TiO2 nanoparticles application. These significant effects of TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be attributed to their small size and high polarizing power, which permitted their passage during the experimental phase into the roots, consequently performing as catalysts for plant growth.

ASP-07

Extractability of Phosphorus in the profiles of compost amended soils,

Habib Ahmed *Didar Ahmed* Hina Shabbir* Raja Zakir* and Faridullah*Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of information Technology

Abbottabad

ABSTRACTManure is a valuable fertilizer for any farming operation and has been used for centuries to supply needed nutrients for crop growth. Composted and fresh animal manures from three different sources, including buffalo, goat and poultry, were selected to determine distribution of P by spectrophotometer. Phosphorus was determined through water soluble and total form (by duplicate acid digestion). The P content in total form was found higher in buffalo compost amended manure with soil and lowest was observed in buffalo fresh where as in water soluble it was highest in goat composted manure and lowest was in poultry fresh manure. Analytical results indicate that composting of animal manure enhance P availability, which promotes the soil’s nutrients and the use of composted manure as soil amendment could be economical productive and will contribute more to the organic matter content of the soil as a result improving plant nutrition in soil. The use of composted animal manures as soil amendment could be economically productive and associated with animal waste and soil management and compost produced locally could be a suitable organic fertilizer or organic farming.

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ASP-09Phytoremediation Abilitiy of Pelargonium Zonale in Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Iram Gula, Maria Manzoora, Jean Kallerhoffb, Muhammad Arshada*aInstitute of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National

University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 sector, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan bEcolab, ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, Av. Agrobiopoˆle, Castanet-Tolosan cedex, 31326, France

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe aim of present study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of Pelargonium zonale in cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. For this purpose, pot experiment was carried out and soil was spiked with Cd (25, 50,100, 150 mg kg-1). Control (without Cd) was also set for comparison. The plant was grown for eight weeks under greenhouse conditions and then harvested. From harvested plant material, different parameters including Cd concentration in root, shoot, Cd uptake in plants, and tolerance index (Ti) were determined. The phytoremediation potential of Pelargonium zonale was determined through translocation factor (TF). The results revealed that Pelargonium zonale survived at highest levels of Cd and Ti was more than 60%. The TF was more than 1, which indicate that Pelargonium zonale has potential for the phytoextraction of Cd. Moreover, the accumulation of Cd in the aerial parts was more than 100 mg kg-1, which indicates that Pelargonium zonale is hyperaccumulator of Cd. The results obtained from this study reveal that the Pelargonium zonale has great ability for the phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.

ASP-10Cadmium Toxicity from Cigarette Butts’ Decomposition in Soil

Kinza Shah1, Farhan Hafeez1, Rashid Nazir1, Faridullah1, Akhtar Iqbal1*1Department of Environmental Sciences. COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad,

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThey are known as the most common type of waste on entire planet with a number of almost 4.5-5.6 trillion sticks of cigarette smoked per year on global level. The leftover or residue of a cigarette after it is smoked is commonly known as cigarette butt. There are a number of hazardous heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, lead and arsenic etc. emitted from the cigarette smoke and butt. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the known metals emitted from cigarette butts and classified as Group I cancer-causing agent (carcinogen). Cd is also reported as very toxic or lethal even at its small amount in human beings disturbs functions of different body organs like lungs, kidneys and liver. The aim of this study is to investigate the Cd toxicity of CBs to soil. To achieve this purpose, this study was conducted in CIIT Abbottabad. An incubation study was performed at 25±2 °C. The cigarette butts of two brands (Capstan and Gold leaf) were used. The treatments were as follows: Capstan (Ca), Gold leaf (Gl) and mixture of Capstan and Gold leaf (Ca+Gl). The highest value of cadmium in the soil samples was detected at day 60 in Gold leaf (55.31 mg/kg) and least was observed at day 15 in the same treatment (0.68 mg/kg). Other values were in between this range following the values of cadmium in the soil samples for Capstan as 3.38 mg/kg, 2.16 mg/kg and 49.22 mg/kg at day 15, 30 and 60 respectively. For Gold leaf, the values were 0.68 mg/kg, 1.85 mg/kg and 55.31 mg/kg at day 15, 30 and 60 respectively. Through this study it was found that the amount of Cd analyzed from cigarette butts was quite high and far more than the permissible limits of these metals recommended by WHO. Moreover, it was observed that Cd was higher in Gold leaf as compared to Capstan.

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ASW-01Strategies for Solid Waste Management-A Case for Hyderabad City

Ammara Kaynat11, 2Ali Raza Khoso, Aisha Anis Sakrani1, Muhammad Akram Akhund1

1Department of Architecture, Mehran U.E.T. Jamshoro 7606, Pakistan2Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran U.E.T. Jamshoro 7606, Pakistan

1Department of Architecture, Mehran U.E.T.Jamshoro 7606, Pakistan2Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran U.E.T. Jamshoro, Pakistan

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACTHigh rate of solid waste generation is a great environmental threat for any country. In Pakistan it is around 0.61 kg/capita/day averagely for urban cities. Hyderabad is 2nd largest city of Sindh and 6th in Pakistan. Unfortunately it does not poses proper solid waste management system right from collection up to its proper disposal. Most of those uncollected wastage poses high risk to public through blockage of drains and formation of stagnant ponds which provide breeding ground for flies & mosquitoes with a high risk of diseases. The research aims to uncover the reasons of solid waste generation in Hyderabad city. For data collection, various dumping sites in the city have been visited. Interviews were conducted from municipal officers of city for more precise data and possible causes of waste generation. Finally a questionnaire survey has been conducted to list out top most significant causes of poor management in city. The data was analyzed in SPSS 24.0 with the help of average index technique. From the analysis of data the top critical causes have been identified for Hyderabad city and discussed with the field expert for their possible solutions.

ASW-02Prevalence of Iodine in Soils of Hazara Division and its Relationship with Soil Properties

J. Ali1, S. K. Lughmani1, M. Mohiuddin1, Z. Hussain1 and M. Irshad1

1Department of Environmental Sciences,COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe research project focuses on iodine content in soil in relation to the soil physico-chemical characteristics of soils. Iodine is necessary element for human survival. A study was carried out to investigate iodine concentration in soil samples of plain and mountainous areas of Mansehra and Haripur Districts. Iodine concentration in the soil samples of Haripur areas differed as plain areas (P) > mountainous areas (M). In plain areas of Haripur the highest concentration of iodine was found in soil samples of village Mounan whereas a lowest iodine concentration was observed in soil samples of village Gumaran. In Mansehra the higher concentration of iodine was observed in soil samples of village Shakoki while a lower content of iodine was noted in village Kewai as compared to village Shakoki. The higher values of R2 shown for iodine contents in soils indicated that iodine extraction from the soil is highly influenced by the carbon and clay contents present in the soil. Iodine content is also strongly linked to the soil properties of clay content, CEC and pH values of the soil. Community survey showed that the main cause of iodine deficiency in peoples is related to the unawareness among people and thus the importance of iodine in their diet is ignored which was the main cause of goiter. In view of the above, the study would certainly be helpful to understand the biogeochemistry of iodine in soils, its availability and losses in relation to properties of soils.

ASW-03Solid Waste Management: Practices and Problems of Hyderabad City

Ali Raza Khoso, Ammara Kaynat*, Shanker Lal Mehgwar, Ashfaque Ahmed PathanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Mehran U.E.T. Jamshoro 7606, Pakistan

*Department of Architecture, Mehran U.E.T. Jamshoro 7606, [email protected],[email protected] , [email protected]

[email protected]

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mailto:[email protected],[email protected]



ABSTRACTSolid waste is a great threat not only for the economy of any country but for the environment too. The public through various sources generate tons of solid waste regularly. In the era of globalization, one of the rising issue of developing and under developed country is handling such huge masses of solid waste. Pakistan is a developing country and spending its valuable resources to reduce tons of wastage which is a great burden on country’s economy. The public role and awareness can reduce this enormous load from Government. The core aim of this paper is to present current overview of solid wastage management practices in Hyderabad and to highlight the importance of citizen’s behavior and their role towards reduction of wastage. This research include yearly budget that spend on city and the rising solid waste problems of city. The research propose a multi-pronged balanced & practical approach that achieves sustainable reduction practice in the context of national policy, legal frameworks, public participation & public awareness. In keeping with this approach, a generic action plan could be proposed that can tailor to suit Pakistan’s current situation towards solid waste management.

ASW-07Synthesis and Application of Carbon Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste and Their

Characterization

1,3Mukhtar ul Hassan, 2Muhammad Zahid Qureshi, 2Haseeb Ghaffar and 2Shabnum Rahmat, 2Rabia Hayee.1Institute of Environment Brunel University west London, 2Department of Chemistry, GC University

Lahore 3Armed Forces Hospital Saudi Arabia

[email protected]

ABSTRACTDisposal of agricultural waste is a major issue through out the globe. In this styudy Trapa bicornis (singhara) peels have been used to produce carbon nanoparticles. Nanostructure of particles depends on the source, method of synthesis and conditions under which particles are synthesized. Pyrolysis was done to synthesize carbon nanoparticles from peels of Trapa bicornis. Peels were dried and ground to a fine powder. Pyrolysis was carried out at 180 °C under anaerobic conditions. Characterization of carbon nanoparticles was done by UV/Visible spectroscopy and BT-90 nanoparticles size analyzer and XRD. UV/visible spectrophotometery indicated maximum absorption at 213nm. X-ray diffraction indicated strong peaks at “2q= 28 degree, 48 degree, and 42 degree indicating the presence of the Nano-carbons as C (002), C (100), C (101). BT-90. Nano-particles size analyzer peaks revealed size as 75nm and 534 nm. Carbon nanoparticles synthesized by this method can be used excessively for electrometers, wireless electronic log, bio sensing, computer transistors, chemical sensors and many other fields of science and technology.

ASW-08Effect of Solid Municipal Waste on Soil Enzymatic Patterns of Abbottabad Region

Sardar Hadeed Ahmed, Bilal Ahmad Zafar AminDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, CIIT, Abbottabad

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe Himalayan forest range, one of the biodiversity hotspots is facing imminent threat due to anthropogenic interventions through tourism, agriculture, industrial activities and housing, thus originating municipal solid waste (MSW). This hotspot known to harbor MSW with high levels of biodiversity and endemism is poorly understood as far as microbial functions are concerned. Microbial functions in terrestrial ecosystems mainly depend on the activity of major extracellular enzymes, which break down complex organic polymers (lignocelluloses) into soluble small compounds that are utilized by soil pool in the form of energy and fertility, thus contributing as indicators of soil health. In this context, information relevant to effects of Municipal solid waste on soil microbial functions (enzymatic patterns) of lower Himalayan region is relatively sparse and no comprehensive study has so far been made to evaluate these effects as a whole. The aim of the present research was to improve our fundamental

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knowledge in order to evaluate the responses/changes in soil enzymatic patterns that took place in forest ecosystem amended with solid municipal waste composts at different ecological sites (Nathiagali, Salhad & Shimla hills) of Abbottabad and compare to a non-amended control soils. To do so, soil samples were collected at 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depths in 3 replicates for all three sites. Collected samples were analyzed for soil moisture contents, soil pH, soil organic carbon and specific enzyme activities (cellulase, laccase and peroxidase). In the presence of MSW, soils of all sites with different depths were generally high in moisture and carbon contents while increase in pH was also observed. Extracellular enzyme of hydrolase family i.e. cellulase enzyme activities were significantly higher in soils with MSW as compared to control soils. In contrast, extracellular enzymes of oxido-reductase family i.e. laccase and peroxidase enzyme activities were lowered/suppressed in the presence of MSW. One of the possible reasons is that laccase and peroxidase enzymes are active at acidic pH while soils of all sites became basic in the presence of MSW. Soil enzymatic patterns were not affected by soil depths for all sites. These results reveal that presence of MSW in soil has altered certain parameters like pH, moisture and carbon contents with impact on soil enzymatic functions. Further studies are required to observe the impact of MSW on soil enzymatic functions at molecular level.

AWT-03Biological Treatment of Golden Powder Dye by Anaerobic Method using UASB

Sana Ghaffar, Qaisar Mahmood*, Shahida ShaheenDepartment of Environmental Sciences,COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Abbottabad, [email protected]

ABSTRACTIndustrialization is increasing day by day which results in discharge of large amount of waste in the environment and causes water pollution. Textile industry effluents contain dyes which are mutagenic and carcinogenic due to which may cause severe damage to humans. Therefore, dye effluents must be treated before releasing in the environment. In present study, we investigated the treatment of Red Bronze Dye by using biological method such as plant biomass and anaerobic sludge. Different dye concentrations (50~300 mg/L) were treated and initial pH was adjusted at 7. For plants, the maximum dye removal took place at dye concentration of 250 mg/L using plant biomass of 250 g/L. For sludge, the maximum dye removal occurred at anaerobic biomass using 150 mg/L dye concentration by adding 50 ml of anaerobic sludge. The solution became basic as pH range increases 8~9. Based on the results it was decided that plant biomass was more effective to treat Red Bronze dye than anaerobic sludge.

AWT-05Physico-Chemical Characterization of Selected Marble Industries’ Effluents in District

Mardan

Alamgir Khana, Shams Ali Baig*,a, Muhammad Qasima, Zeshan Alib, Dilawar Farhan Shamsa, Attaullah Khana

aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, 23200 Mardan, PakistanbNational Institute of Bioremediation, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTIn the present study, physico-chemical characterization of marble industrial effluents were performed in the selected Marble Industries in Mardan and compared with the National Environmental Quality Standards. Samples were collected from five different industrial units and were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Hardness, Free Carbon Dioxide, Carbonates and Bicarbonates, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Chloride, Magnesium, Nitrite nitrogen and Sulphate. The results were compared with the standard values of National Environmental Quality Standards for industrial effluents. The pH values of all samples were within the permissible range of NEQS (6 to 9) less Sample # D (i.e 9.04). Similarly the result of Nitrite nitrogen value of Sample # E was also out of the threshold level. Although the values were within the permissible range of NEQS but the upper level of some parameters of different industries

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were very close to the threshold level (Like pH value of all Samples, Turbidity and Hardness value of Sample # E, Chloride value of Sample # A). These results suggested that effluents discharged from various industries showed variable characteristics and are potential threat to underground water contamination. It is thus recommended that wastewater treatment plants must be established with each industry. Because the unserious behavior of local marble industries owners and improper drainage of the wastes/ calcium of marble industries in Mardan has not only endangered and threatened the aquatic biodiversity of local rivers but up to some extent the life of Human as well as the natural beauty and filed crops too. Further, efficient environmental laws and social awareness program must be undertaken for inhabitants of the estate and in the surrounding area with respect to potential threat of industrial effluents to the environment.

ASWT-12Removal of Imidacloprid from Aqueous Media By Biocomposites: Kinetic and Equilibrium

Study

Haq Nawaz Bhatti*, Anam Rana and Saima Norreen Environmental and Material Chemistry Laboratory,University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan


ABSTRACTIn recent years, wastewater pollution with pesticides has become a major environmental issue because of large consumption of these chemicals both on domestic and commercial scales. Pesticides have several harmful effects ranging from simple allergies to dangerous chronic syndromes and malignance, therefore their removal from water is essential using proper techniques. In present research work, adsorption technique has been utilized to remove pesticide from aqueous systems using cotton stalks as adsorbent. Polypyrrole based biocomposite (PYCS) and polyaniline modified cotton stalks (PANCS) were prepared to enhance biosorption capacity of native cotton stalks. Effect of various important parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial concentration and contact time have been evaluated. The extent of adsorption of imidacloprid was found to decrease with increasing temperature. Maximum adsorption capacity of native and biocomosites was observed in acidic range at 4 and 3 pH for both NCS, PYCS andPYCS respectively. Experiment was carried out at 30oC, 0.05g adsorbent dose and 15 mg/L imidacloprid concentration. Optimum values for all parameters were evaluated to get maximum removal of imidacloprid. Equilibrium data was analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherm models. Langmuir model showed good agreement with experimental data results. PANCS results were best fitted with Freundlich model. Kinetic data was also investigated to study reaction mechanism using pseudo- first -order, pseudo- second- order and intraparticle kinetic models. The biosorption followed pseudo- second- order kinetics for NCS and PANCSwhereas for PYCS pseudo first order model provided best fit. Thermodynamic parameters were determined to study about nature of adsorption process. The data was analyzed statistically by linear regression analysis.

AWT-14Kinetic Study of Biodegradation of Cypermethrin in Batch Reactor by Indigenous Bacteria

Muhammad Farhan*,+, Maqsood Ahmad**, Amina Kanwal***, Zahid Ali Butt****, Abdul Wahid**, Faiza Sharif*, Amin U Khan*

*Sustainable Development Study, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan**Department of Environmental Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

***Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan****Department of Botany, GC Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan

[email protected], +92 321 4122078

ABSTRACT In developing countries, pesticide usage is increasing at high pace. This is mainly due to week government regulations, lack of awareness and no training of farmers. Cypermethrin is synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with high neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Being broad-spectrum insecticide, they destroy non-target micro flora/fauna and thus negatively impact soil biota and enter into food chain. Pesticide remediation is of prime importance now a day and number of studies has reported its effectiveness. Biodegradation of cypermethrin was investigated in batch scale

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using indigenous Pseudomonasaeruginosa ww34, isolated from wastewater drains of industrial site near Lahore. P. aeruginosa ww34 was only resistant at low cypermethrin concentration. Identification of P. aeruginosa was conducted by 16sRNA ribotyping and nucleotide matching in NCBI data bank. To increase degradation, factors were tested like, cypermethrin concentration, pH, temperature, carbon sources and inoculum density. Results fit best in first order kinetic equation. With the initial concentration of 15mg/L the maximum degradation noted was 85% in 5 days, beyond that stationary phase was established. GC/MS and bioassay studies did not identified any persistent metabolite. The present study successfully degraded cypermethrin using indigenous bacterial strain (P. aeruginosa ww34) without any limitation. This strain can provide solution for ecological restoration.

AWT-19Amino Functionalized Metal Organic Frameworks for Adsorptive Removal of Chlorine

Compounds

Marria Ghalib*, Uzaira Rafique and Hira SaleemDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe use and application of chlorine compounds in different industrial processes result in their release into water bodies from where the compounds get into the food chain and adversely affect the human health. The toxicity of such compounds is of growing concern to the scientists and researchers. The present research is undertaken with the objective to propose a convenient and novel remediation model for chlorine containing compounds. For this purpose, as synthesized metal organic frameworks (MOFs) functionalized with amino group is applied as adsorbents for the removal of two commonly used toxic chlorine compounds. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and Polychloroethylene (PCE) known to be the probable human carcinogens and selected as adsorbates for the present study. The base MOF (UiO-66) and amino functionalized (UiO-66-NH2) are evaluated as potential adsorbents in time-dependent batch protocol. The experiments are repeated with varying adsorbate concentrations (1mg/L, 5mg/L, 10mg/L). However, amino functionalized MOF showed the improved efficiency than UiO-66. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics revealed the fitness of Freundlich model (R2>0.99) and pseudo second order rate expression suggesting the heterogeneous and multilayered structure of the synthesized MOFs. It can be concluded that functionalization of UiO-66 enhances the adsorption capacity due to incorporation of organic moiety thus increasing the binding sites for incoming pollutants. The study recommends that UiO-66-NH2 can be considered as economical and effective alternative to commercial adsorbents for decontamination of chlorinated sites.

AWT-20Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Fe3o4 Nanoparticles

Ayesha Iftikhar, Fazli Wahid, Maria Siddique, Irum Shahzadi, M. Bilal, Romana KhanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad,

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe removal of Amoxicillin an antibiotic from aqueous solution was checked using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as adsorbent. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method and characterized using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction techniques. Optimum conditions of the reaction such as pH, temperature, concentration of amoxicillin, adsorbent doze were studied to attain maximum removal of the amoxicillin. Adsorbent showed its best efficiency at temperature of 20 ºC, pH = 5, catalyst dosage of 20 mg/L, adsorbate concentration of 1mgL-1 and reaction time of 90 min. Degradation efficiency was checked by using spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The recycling of the adsorbent was also studied to ensure its efficiency.

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AWT-21

Effect of pH and Particle Size on Removal of Reactive Dye Using Local Biomass

Maria Siddique*a, Romana Khana, Robina Farooqb, Nadia Riaza, Irum Shahzadia

, Ummara Waheeda

and M. Bilala aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,Abbottabad

bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,Lahore [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present study shows that the Pinus roxburghii biomass (cones) can be used as a potential adsorbent for the removal of reactive blue dye from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted as a function of pH and particle size of adsorbent. Efficiency of adsorbent was found to be greater at acidic pH. Powdered biomass was more efficient in dye removal than granular particles, attributed to high surface area of powdered biomass.

AWT-22

Arsenic Removal From Water Using Banana Peels: Role of Arsenic Level and Incubation Time

Riaz A. Tabassum*, Muhammad Shahid*, Camille Dumat**, Sana Khalid*, Samina Khalid*, Muhammad Imran*, Noor S. Shah*, Nabeel K. Niazi***

* Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan** Centre d’Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès -

Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.*** Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad – 38040,

[email protected]

ABSTRACTArsenic contamination in different areas of the world has been reported, which poses serious health effects to humans. In Pakistan, groundwater in few cities contains arsenic level higher than the WHO safe limit. Therefore, it is necessary to remove arsenic from water before being used for drinking purpose. The present study analyzed arsenic removal efficiency of banana peels from arsenic contaminated water. Results showed that banana peels greatly removed arsenic from drinking water. The arsenic removal efficiency of banana peels varied greatly with arsenic level and contact time. Banana peels removed almost 100% of arsenic from water after 1 hour up to arsenic concentration of 10 µg/L and after 3 h for 100 µg/L arsenic solution. This shows that banana peels can be used to remove arsenic contents from drinking water.

KEYWORDS Arsenic, banana peels, removal efficiency, incubation time.

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GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND ALTERNATE ENERGY

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BAE-01

Liquid-liquid Extraction of Benzene and Cyclohexane Using Ionic Liquids

Mohamad Azmi BustamResearch Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture, RCCO2C, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri

Iskandar, Perak, [email protected]

AbstractThe separation of unreacted benzene from the product stream in catalytic hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane is necessary for an economically green process. Due to close boiling points and azeotrope formation, it is very difficult to separate cyclohexane and benzene by conventional distillation. Ionic liquids(ILs) become the preferable solvents by attracting scientific community for their unique properties such as negligible vapour pressure at normal temperature and pressure conditions, in addition of more environmentally friendly solvent characteristics. In order to determine the separation efficiency of ionic liquids as a solvent in the separation, the ternary of liquid-liquid extraction of ionic liquids with benzene and cyclohexane were studied at T=298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The selected ionic liquids are from the dicyanamide based ionic liquids. The solute distribution coefficient (capacity) and solvent selectivity derived from the equilibrium data were used to evaluate if the selected ionic liquids can be considered as potential solvent for the separation of benzene from cyclohexane. The experimental tie line data was correlated using non-random two liquid (NRTL) model and Margules model. It shows that the solute distribution coefficients for the selected ionic liquids are excellent with selectivity up to 85.5. The ternary diagrams showed that the selected ionic liquids can perform the separation of benzene and cyclohexane as they have extractive capacity and selectivity. Considering the relative extraction capacity and selectivity, the selected dicyanamide based ionic liquids can be used as potential extracting solvent for the separation of benzene and cyclohexane. This work will discuss on the selection method and the characteristics of solvent in order to justify their ability in the extraction process.

BAE-02Application of Solar PV in Pakistan: A Comparison of Very Large Scale and Small Scale

Systems

Muhammad AsifSchool of Engineering and Built Environment

, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow Caledonian University,G4 0BA, Glasgow, UK,

[email protected]

ABSTRACTRenewable energy is one of the most prominent and the fastest growing form of energy across the world for its credentials like abundant and inexhaustible resources, environmental friendliness and ease of scalability. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power are the two leading renewable technologies already demonstrating economic competitiveness in several countries. Pakistan has abundant renewable resources especially for hydropower, solar energy and wind power. These resources however have not been adequately capitalized despite the fact that the country is facing severe energy crisis for almost a decade now. The potential for solar energy is huge and widely distributed across the country. Pakistan has planned an ambitious 1,000MW solar PV project named Qaid-e-Azam Solar Park of which 100MW has already been installed. The presented study investigates the solar park in terms of technical and economic viability. Given the fact that over 40% of the population lacks access to grid, drawing lessons from the solar park, effectiveness of very large scale (VLS) PV systems have been compared against small scale and distributed generation PV systems.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Potential, Photovoltaic (PV), Solar Park, Energy distribution System

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BAE-05Optimizing Grid Infrastructure for Meeting Electricity Demands Using On-Site

Generation – A Case Study of Isle of Gigha, Uk

Faisal FarooqEnergy Research Centre (ERC),COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTConventional electric grids are designed to flow power from transmission terminal stations, at progressively lower voltages, to electricity consumers. They are designed to supply power to low voltage terminals rather than accepting from them. Due to this electricity exported from local sources of generation is limited. Isle of Gigha in Scotland is an example of such a grid on which the power output of on-site wind turbines is constraint due to limited grid capacity. This paper investigates how the electric grid on Gigha can be optimized for maximum use of on-site generation at minimum cost of electricity within the limit to export of 1MW. Energy systems sizing tool called HOMER is used for performing financial and technical feasibility calculations. Results obtained show that a point of saturation is achieved in reducing cost of electricity on increasing onsite generation. Another important conclusion is that it is financially impractical to run the grid on islanded mode due to the excess cost incurred of running a diesel generator and replacing cell stacks of electric storage.

BAE-06Theoretical Studies to Investigate The Effect of Different Cores in Two Different

Topologies in Donor Materials Toward Organic Solar Cells

Shamsa Bibi ab*, Shafiq ur Rehmana and Jingping Zhangb

Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistana, School of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China b

[email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTWe have designed three dimensional conjugated three and four arms molecules, featuring bithiophene as donor (DF) fragment connected to pyridine-thiadiazole as acceptor fragment (AF) via ethyne as π-spacer (Ps) in the arms linking with different central core atoms (N, B, C and Si atoms) based on two topologies “core-D-π-A” (molecules are named as; N3-Mol, B3-Mol, Si4-Mol and C4-Mol) and “core-A-π-D” (molecules are named as; N3-RMol, B3-RMol, Si4-RMol and C4-RMol) for organic solar cells using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches to study opto-electronic properties. The “core-A-π-D” type molecules show a significant red shift in λmax than those of “core-D-π-A” type molecules. Three arms N3-Mol and N3-RMol display the largest λmax among the respective designed molecules. However, B and Si cores also intensify absorption bands than those of N and C cores, respectively. Both reorganization energy and mobility results reveal that four arms molecules show higher charge transport rate than three arms molecules because of better dimensionality. Thus, the comparative analysis of designed molecules reveals that “core-A-π-D” topology with substitution of N and C cores result molecules exhibit broad absorptions and anisotropic high charge carrier mobility in its crystalline phase for organic solar cells.

BAE-07Estimation of Hydropower Capacity and Unknown River Flows at Athmuqam by GIS and

Regression Technique

Muhammad Ahsan Amjed*, Kafaitullah*, Munawar Iqbal**, Parvez Akhter*, Majid Ali*, Salman Ahmad***, Kashif Jamal***

*US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Campus, Islamabad

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**Hydropower wing, private power & infrastructure board, Ministry of water and power, G8/1 Islamabad***NUST Institute of Civil engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Campus, Islamabad

[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACTEnvironment friendly and sustainable energy solutions have significance worldwide due to global warming and greenhouse effect. Along other renewable technologies, hydropower generation is cheap and sustainable energy solution with minor environmental impacts. Due to huge energy crisis in Pakistan from last decade, the government started to identify sites where hydropower can be generated. Athmuqam is one of the identified site on Neelum river in north of Muzaffarabad. There is no rim station on site to measure river flows for the estimation of hydropower capacity. To resolve that problem, river flows are estimated by integrating that basin with nearby basins of same known characteristics. Geographical information system (GIS) modeling is done to find out catchment area of both river basins with the help of digital elevation model, extracted from LANSAT 8. By comparing the specific flows of both site and regression technique, flows of missing site is estimated. These flows are used to make annual time series curve and from that curve hydropower generation capacity is estimated with different scenarios.

BAE-08Assessment of Electricity Generation Potential and Emissions from Rice Residues in

Pakistan

Tarique Ahmed Memon12, Khanji Harijan*, Mujeeb Iqbal Soomro** and Laveet Kumar*1 Directorate of Post Graduate Studies, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology Campus Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTPakistan is facing severe electricity shortages due to excess electricity demand which results in power cuts of several hours in rural and urban areas. In order to reduce the shortfall of electricity, renewable source of energy must be exploited. Being an agrarian country, Pakistan produces a huge amount of crop residues of which rice is the main second largest food of Pakistan and also the vital exported product. Due to this reason biomass based energy generation could be the major focus areas of renewable energy programs in Pakistan. Open field burning of rice straw results in loss of plant nutrients and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). This paper presents the rice residues potential for power generation and GHG reductions in Pakistan.Potential of residues was estimated by using annual paddy production in Pakistan with residue paddy ratio and availability factor. It is estimated that about 4883 GWh electricity can be generated annually from rice residue of 6350 thousand tonnes. Moreover, 7 million tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (CO₂-eq) per year can be avoided by utilizing generated rice straw/husk residues for the generation of electricity. It is concluded that the rice residues produced could be utilized for overcoming the shortage of electricity, reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and associated environmental impacts in Pakistan.

BAE-09

Energy Analysis of a Bagasse-fired Trigeneration Plant in Sugar Factory

Asmatullah Memon1, Abdul Ghafoor Memon*, Khanji Harijan* and Samiullah Qureshi* 1 Directorate of Postgraduate Studies, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, Sindh,

Pakistan* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, Sindh,

[email protected]

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ABSTRACTIn sugar industry, bagasse is used as a basic fuel for electricity generation and process heat (cogeneration), since it is cheaper than conventional fossil fuels, produces less emissions, and easily available. In this paper, vapor absorption refrigeration system is introduced to an existing cogeneration system of Matiari Sugar Mill, Matiari, Sindh Pakistan to make it a trigeneration system. A complete model of the proposed trigeneration system is developed in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, validated and analyzed based on the energy concepts. Results show that heat available to run the generator is 11316 kW, where as heat transferred to absorber evaporator, and condenser is 9167 kW, 8617 kW, and 10765 kW respectively. Cooling effect is found 8617 kW. Effectiveness of system is kept constant which is 0.7. Coefficient of Performance for Trigeneration system is calculated as 0.7615.

BAE-10Simulation of A Solar Energy Driven Desiccant And Vapor Compression Based Air

Conditioning System For Climatic Conditions Of Pakistan

Abdul Samad Farooqa, Muhammad Bilal Sajida, Abdul Waheed Badarb, Mehreen Fatimaa

aU.S-Pakistan center for advanced study in energy, NUST H-12 Islamabad, bHITEC University [email protected]

ABSTRACTLatent load represents the major portion of the cooling load for the hot and humid climatic conditions. In this research paper PV/T (Photovoltaic/thermal) based hybrid air conditioning system is discussed. This solar based hybrid system consists of a desiccant wheel cycle and a vapor compression cycle. The desiccant wheel cycle is operated by the thermal output of the PV/T solar collector while the electrical output is used to run the vapor compression cycle. DWC and VCC are used to accommodate the latent and sensible loads respectively. Performance of this system is modeled by using TRNSYS 17.0 for the climate of Islamabad. Preliminary results show that the separation of sensible and latent loads is a more effective way of cooling for the hot and humid climatic conditions. Moreover, the overall COP of the suggested system is found to be higher as compared to the absorption or adsorption cycle operated by the solar thermal collector as well as the simple VCC operated by the PV panels for the same climatic conditions.

BAE-11

Production of Biodiesel by Ultrasonic-Assisted Methanolysis of Cantaloupe Seed Oil and Its Optimization by Taguchi Method

1Taslim Akhtar*, 1Muhammad Ilyas Tariq, 1Shahid Iqbal, 1Nargis Sultana, 3Chan Kim Wei, 1Noreen Sajjad1Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan,

2Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore (Sargodha Campus), Sargodha, Pakistan3Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang

Selangor [email protected]

ABSTRACTPresent work is an effort of residue valorization whereby the seed residue of cantaloupe has been introduced for the first time as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Dried cantaloupe seeds were subjected to oil extraction using n-hexane as solvent in three batches. The seeds were found to contain 42.8 % (w/w) crude oil. General physicochemical properties of oil were determined that include density (0.887g/mL), kinematic viscosity (34.5 cSt), refractive index (1.48), %FFA (0.78), iodine value (128 I2g/100g oil) and saponification value (220mg NaOH/g) using the standard IUPAC methods. FAME composition of both oil and biodiesel was determined by GC-FID and further confirmed by 1H NMR spectra of methyl esters. A remarkable similarity was observed between cantaloupe and soybean seed oils fatty acid composition. Ultrasonic-assisted transesterification of cantaloupe seed oil was attempted and optimization of the process parameters was done using Taguchi method. The parameters selected for

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optimization include molar ratio of alcohol to oil, amount of catalyst (% wt/wt of oil) and reaction time (min). The optimum levels for these parameters were methanol to oil ratio of 9:1, catalyst amount of 1 % wt/wt and reaction time of 60 min, respectively. Major fuel properties of biodiesel prepared from cantaloupe seed oil were determined according to the standard ASTM methods. These include cetane index, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density, kinematic viscosity, water %, total ash (w %) and distillation range. The obtained values were within the ASTM D6751 specifications for biodiesel. In the light of results of this study, cantaloupe seed oil can be attributed as a viable feedstock for biodiesel production.

BAE-14

Modeling and Simulation of Solar Water Heater for Islamabad Region, PakistanaHafiza Mahreen Fatima, a Muhammad Bilal Sajid , b Abdul Samad Farooq

a,b U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 Islamabad

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe environmental impact of the unit's energy of traditional use of fossil fuels has worsened, such as global warming and carbon dioxide emissions, deforestation, air pollution, and the worsening of the global environment. In addition, the supply of fossil fuels is limited because the reserves of non-renewable, unlimited. In the atheist and twentieth century and the modern infrastructure of energy, we undoubtedly have a great variation. Including sustainable energy, including the combination will contribute to the future of our prosperity and well-being. The combination of our needs and future energy technologies must have a sustainable impact on the environment potentially, solar energy in all if its forms will be used by many of these technologies, allowing gradual assessment into hydrogen based economy. For a sustainable development in the future of the renewable energy revolution is our hope. It is clear that the future energy and energy needs to cleanse. The purpose of this work is that it uses solar water in commercial buildings during the winter. In this study, a solar-driven water system design and simulation of weather conditions Pakistan Islamabad TRNSYS software. Our system of flat collectors, accumulators and turns, regulator and pump suggested. The proposed system is to meet the needs of hot water design from 9 am to 5 pm working hours. The use of solar systems can only be achieved on the warm mast on a sunny day possible. However, it is necessary to work with solar heating assistants like auxiliary heater to complete a cloudy day. Our current investigation aims at the size of the solar collectors and the requirements of the hot water tank capacity over the entire operating time. Based on this analysis, we suggest the best design ability to meet the demand for daily fuel oil.

BAE-15

Biomass Production Through Microalgae Cultivation And Harvesting

Syed Hasnain Shah* and Iftikhar A. RajaDepartment of Environmental Sciences,COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan


ABSTRACTOwing to the depleting world reserves of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions associated with their use, it has become obvious that continued reliance on such energy resources is unsustainable. This has lead to vigorous research and initiatives aimed at developing alternative renewable and potentially carbon neutral solid, liquid and gaseous biofuel. However, bio-energy resources affiliated to first generation biofuels derived from terrestrial crops such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize etc; put enormous strain on food materials demand and supply. While second generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic agriculture waste, forest residues and non-food crop feedstocks address this problem to some extent but concerns have been show over changes in land use, ultimately linked to food productivity. Therefore, based on recent research and technological development, third generation biofuels specifically derived from microalgae are considered to be a technically feasible and more sustainable alternative energy resource. Further microalgae resource reduces the major drawbacks associated with first and second

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generation biofuels. In this study mixed cultures of microalgae were cultivated in natural conditions. Selective growth mediums were used for microalgae cultivation to produce biomass. Different growth phases during the course of cultivation were assessed to check the effect of growth conditions on biomass productivity. Raw water without carbon source used in BG11 medium shown maximum biomass production at 9 th day of cultivation. Whereas BG11 medium prepared with raw water also with carbon source was had maximum biomass productivity at 10th day of cultivation. The fresh cultures of microalgae were harvested by FeSO 4 and FeCl3 to compare the effect of flocculants. Then at optimal conditions of flocculation wet biomass was collected and characterized for dry biomass and moisture content. Lipids quantification and composition analysis was carried out to analyze the lipids productivity at optimal conditions of cultivation and harvesting.

BAE-16

Ever Increasing Electricity Demand of Pakistan and Future Power Generation Options

Shoaib Ahmed*, Mohammad Aslam Uqaili*, Khanji Harijan**, Syed Feroz Shah***, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat*

Department of Electrical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan,**Department of Mechanical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro

***Department of Basic Science and Related Studies Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan,

[email protected] , [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACT The energy demand of Pakistan is mainly fulfilled by fossil fuels. Since Pakistan does not have enough indigenous oil reserves and has a low quality of coal, as such, a huge amount of oil and coal is imported to the country for electricity generation. The country is coping up worst ever electricity crisis following it creation with only 457 Kilo watt hour per capita electric energy consumption. The energy demand of Pakistan is increasing at the rate of 10% per year. Due to Rapid increase of fuel prices and production of greenhouse gases, use of clean and sustainable energy is need of the hours. Pakistan is very rich in renewables resources and has a massive potential of exploration. This can not only satisfy current energy demand but also enable country to trade power to neighboring countries. This paper examines each available fossil fuel and renewable energy source in terms of availability, capacity, and cost. Each energy source is reviewed from authentic sources and previous literature. It is estimated that country has wind power potential of 50,000 MW with average wind speed of 7 m/s at 80 m height in coastal areas, it is appraised that the country has solar potential of about 5 kWh/m2/day to 7 kWh/m2/day and the total available hydel potential is more than 100GW. ESMAP has published Pakistan solar atlas which is validated by 9 ground based weather stations. They have also published Pakistan atlas for biogas, which estimates that country has total capacity of 5.7 GW of biogas. Proper mix of these energy sources with existing ones can reduce country’s energy and economy problems.

BGT-03Effect of Micro-Channel Aspect Ratio on Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer

1Muhammad Mohsin Tanveer, 2Muhammad Bilal Sajid, 3Hafiza Mahreen Fatima1, 2, 3 US-Pakistan center for advanced study in energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences & Technology

(NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan1 [email protected], 2 [email protected]

ABSTRACTAmong renewable energy technologies, concentrated solar thermal technology has a very high potential to generate electricity. This technology is utilized to achieve high temperature. Receiver size is major hurdle in commercialization of this technology. Although, solar receiver size can be reduced using micro-channels which will improve heat transfer, reduce heat loss from surface and reduce cost of receiver. Moreover, existing HTF’s e.g. molten salts create complexities in operation. They have stability issues at high temperatures and their freezing point is very high. S-CO2 appears as a very suitable candidate as HTF in CSP technology. It is more stable than molten

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salts and its super critical pressure and temperature is very low relative to other fluids. Furthermore, s-CO2 can be directly utilized in to s-CO2 based Rankine and Brayton cycles which will reduce system size and heat loss in intermediate heat exchangers. Also s-CO2 based cycles have higher efficiency than steam based cycles. This work is mainly focused on improving channel geometry for enhanced heat transfer and to reduce pressure drop and receiver size. Effect of aspect ratio on heat transfer and pressure drop is studied in this paper.

BGT-04Modification of TiO2 to Harvest Visible Light: A Review on Doping Using Transition

Metals

Mehraj Javed, Nadia Riaz*, Arshid Pervez and Shamyla Nawazish Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad

*[email protected]

ABSTRACTTitanium dioxide (TiO2), a semiconductor, is one of the versatile and most widely used photocatalysts for its applications in various environmental issues including the wastewater treatment. However, upgrading of photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2, such as depositing noble metals and doping metal or non-metal ions is required to shift its relatively high value of the band gap (3.2 eV) and activity under the UV light. In the current topic, different preparation techniques will be discussed for the preparation of metal doped TiO2 photocatalysts for various environmental applications. The main focus is on the application of Cu,Ni and Fe doped TiO2 photocatalysts.

BGT-05Photocatalytic Degradation Of Azo Dye Using TiO2 Doped Photocatalysts Under Visible

Light Irradiation

Maryam Hassan1, Nadia Riaz*, Arshid Pervez, Qaiser Mehmood4, Umar Farooq2, Maria Siddique, Muhammad Saqib Khan7, and Rizwana Sarwar8

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad2Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluates the effect of calcination temperature of bimetallic anatase TiO2 on photocatalytic degradation of azo dye under visible light irradiation. Bimetallic Cu–Ni/TiO2, photocatalysts with different were synthesized using Wet Impregnation (WI) method for the photodegradation of Methyl Orange (MO), as model azo dye, under the visible light irradiation (500 W halogen lamp). MO Photodegradation studies were carried out against different calcination temperatures (300°C, 400°C and 500°C) of the photocatalysts Blank experiments were also carried out to check the effect of metal loading in comparison to bare TiO2, effect of absence or presence of light and photocatalysts on MO photodegradation. From the results it was concluded that the photocatalyst performance of the bimetallic system is promising as compared to bare TiO2 as photocatalysts.

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AGRICULTURE SYSTEM: FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT

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DAE-09

Soil Borne Fungal Pathogens: Threat for Environment and its Control Through Fungicides

Sundus Abdul Majeed and Ayesha ShafqatSchool of Botany, Minhaj University, Lahore.

[email protected] borne fungi can reduce the yield and quality in vegetable crops. In the present study the diseased samples of tomato plant i.e., root, shoot and soil were collected from the field near Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore. Different fungi like Penicillium spp., Mucor, Alternaria alternata, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from the root, shoot and soil sample. The isolated fungi was further control by applying copper oxychloride at different level i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The results revealed that Fusarium oxysporum was acting as pathogenic fungi in the field and causing wilt symptoms in plants. While, the higher doses of copper oxychloride showed significant reduction in each fungal growth. Further studies are required to check the impact of copper oxychloride on the growth of tomato plant.

DAE-10

Impact of Nickel Metal on The Growth of Vigna Mungo L. Seedlings

Sabir Jamil1, Sundus Abdul Majeed1, Faran Durani2, Ayesha Shafqat* and Javed Ahmed1

1School of Botany, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan.

[email protected]

ABSTRACTPakistan is facing a threat of nickel contamination in crop growing areas by water and land-resources degradation through industrial effluents, therefore leading to the toxicity in plants. In present study, In-vitro experiment was conducted in Petri plates. The surface sterilized seeds of Vigna mungo L. were placed in Petri plates containing two layer of filter paper provided with different doses of nickel i.e., 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 ppm. The seedling growth [germination rate, root, shoot length and biomass (fresh and dry weight) were taken after four days of incubation (±35 ͦC). The results revealed that with the increasing concentrations of nickel the all the parameters i.e., germination rate, root length, shoot length and biomass of both root and shoot were significantly (P ≤ 0.005) declined by 10-90% over negative control (0 ppm). Therefore it is necessary to protect the soil and to make it free of heavy metal contamination. The study opens new vistas for the plant growers to address abiotic issues under food security challenging in Pakistan.

DAE-11

Ethnobotanical Studies, Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Withania Somniferum

Afifa Mukhtar, Khizar Hayat Bhatti* Department of Botany, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-50700, Pakistan.

[email protected]

ABSTRACTWithania somnifera (Ashwagandha)is an important medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat various diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed to investigate ethnobotany, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Withaniaagainst six strains of human pathogenic bacteria viz. Escheria coli (1), Escheria coli (2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella sonnei, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

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in methanol, ethanol and aqueous extract by using Agar well Diffusion assay. The standard antibiotic gentamicine was used as control. The methanolic extract of W. somnifera exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against the targeted gram positive bacteria while, ethanolic extract showed maximum inhibitory growth against E. coli. Theaqueous extract of the plant showed variable activity against Neiseri. On the basis of data, Shigella found to be most resistant of all the bacteria under consideration.

DAE-12System of rice intensification (SRI) as the way of production system for small holder

farmers to sustainability: Case study from Thailand

Phassakon NuntapanichFaculty of Agriculture, Ubonratchathani Rajabhat University

Muang District, Ubonratchatani Province, 34000 [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This participatory research were to assessment and reflection about system of rice intensification (SRI) of farmers which participating in the project of Learning process promotion for SRI by farmer participatory action research (FPAR) at Fak-Tha district, Uttradit province, Northern part of Thailand. The data were collected from 36 farmers which participating in the project by in-depth interview, focus group discussion, participatory workshop for enumeration and recording data from farmers’ experimental plots. The results showed that the farmers participating in the project as the farmers are perception and recognized in the SRI before, which is a condition of the farmers participating in the project, especially the farmers who organized experimentation plots which a group of innovator. Farmers who participate in the project reflects to rice planting by SRI method had effected better than farmer practice planting (conventional) method in terms of input, production and yield and consistent with the results of the farmers’ plot trial which found that the average yield of SRI planting method higher than the FP method at 26.54 percent (P<0.01). The results of the learning process from FPAR implementation as results to farmers in the project could be able created direct experience by action and experiential learning .The farmers participating project could be scaling up and extend the learning of SRI to other farmers in the model of farmer to farmer technology transfer.

Keywords: System of rice intensification, Participatory assessment, Farmer learning process, Uttradit province

DAE-15

Drought and Elevated CO2: Nutritional Composition of the “White Gold” Gossypium Hisutum L. (Upland Cotton) Under the Multiple Abiotic Stresses

Fazia Ghaffar*, Ikhtiar Khan**, Abid Mehmood****Department of Food & Nutrition Sciences, College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar,

Postal Code 25120, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan**Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Postal Code 25120, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Email: [email protected]***Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Postal Code 38850, Faisalabad, *Pakistan

[email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTBased on the objectives that climatic changes never occur in isolation and cotton grown along the Indus River Tributaries will be severely affected due the diminishing Tibetan and Himalayan glaciers along with an increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentrations a three factor factorial Randomized Complete Block design was adopted in the open top chamber to investigate the interactive effects of drought and elevated CO2 [800 µmol mol-1]and drought and ambient Co2 [400 µmol mol-1] along with a control. Elevated Co2 under drought increased total yield. Date

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regarding Ginning out Turn showed an insignificant increase in all of the varieties. Seed index as a measure of seed weight (g/100 seed) indicated an upward trend i.e seed weight increased. Enhanced water stress and Co 2 caused a significant decline in the crude protein (g/100g), crude fiber, and ash content while crude fat as percent oil increased at elevated carbon dioxide. Results of the current study showed an overall insignificant decline in all of the minerals and in all of the samples while Cd uptake increased. Concentrations (g/16gN) for all the amino acids decreased under drought and Co2 enhancement in the three varieties studied. The current study conclude that under the proposed climate changes the nutritional quality of cottonseed will be deleteriously affected.

DAE-16Determination of (+)-, (-)-, Gossypol Content of Gossypium Hirsutum L Seeds Grown under

the Existing Agro-Climatic Conditions of Punjab, PakistanFazia Ghaffar*, Ikhtiar Khan**, Abid Mehmood***, Sarfaraz Ahmed***

*Department of Food & Nutrition Sciences, College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, Postal Code 25120, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

**Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Postal Code 25120, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan ***Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Postal Code 38850, Faisalabad, *Pakistan

**** Plant Protection Institute, Pesticide Lab, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Postal Code 38850, Faisalabad, Pakistan

[email protected] , [email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe current pioneer study investigated the (+)-, (-)-, and total gossypol content of cotton seed and seed oil extracted from the respective varieties across the eight districts of Punjab, Pakistan Gossypol is an important polyphenol that helps cotton plant fight against the invasion of pests and rodents. About eleven genotypes were analyzed. The data showed significant variations among the Bt and Non Bt phenotypes. Similarly highly significant intra-varietal differences were noted from the cultivars from different districts within the same genotype. The seeds grown under the current agro-climatic conditions contained gossypol content (mg/kg-1) well under the recommended standards. The crude oils contained appreciable amounts of both enantiomers of gossypol indicating that extraction process does not affect the amount and the efficiency of the HPLC based method utilized in the current study. Regression co efficient showed that climatic variables namely temperature, precipitations and humidity are a strong predictors of the gossypol content of the cotton genotypes. This is the first reported study from Pakistan which analyzed comprehensively the gossypol along with an additional benefit of its partitioning in to its (+)-, (-)-, enantiomers.

DAE-23

Impact of Boron And Nitrogen Under Salinity Level On The Potential Of Cotton Varieties

Muhammad Sarosh Nazar*, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq*, Muhammad Zeeshan**, Hafiza Samra Younas* and Saddam Hussain**

* Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad** Dept. of Soil Science and SWC, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi

[email protected]

ABSTRACTCotton is one of the most important fibrous crops and its productions is decreasing day by day due to salinity stress in the country. Soil salinity may limit the crop yield adversely influencing the leaf water potential and some other responses in arid and semi-arid zone. An experimental study was conducted at wire house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the impact of Boron and Nitrogen under salinity level on the potential of 2 cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiment was laid out by following CRD 2 –factorial using seven treatments (Control, EC @ 10dsm -1, Boron @6mm, Boron@6mM + EC @ 10dsm-1, Nitrogen @50ppm, Nitrogen @ 50ppm + EC @ 10dsm -1, Boron @6mm + Nitrogen @50ppm + EC @ 10dsm-1 ) with three replications. Two varieties of cotton (FH-Lalazar and FH-114) were sown and nitrogen (50ppm) and H3BO3 solution (6mM) were applied. Obtained data of all parameters was statistically analyzed by using statistix 8.1. Significant treatment means were separated by least significant difference (LSD) test. Effects of

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nitrogen and boron application were evaluated on the basis of variation in growth of cultivars. Sodium, potassium, chlorides, nitrogen and boron concentrations in shoot tissues were evaluated. Boron fertilization @ 6mM and nitrogen @ 50ppm improved significantly shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll content, plant height and relative water contents with and without salinity, while significant decreased in K+ was observed where NaCl salt was applied. Boron application helped in increasing K+ concentration in shoot where boron was applied @ 6mM. Collectively, results indicated positive effect of nitrogen and boron on salinity stress, but additional studies on the rate and onset of salinity are needed to determine interacting factors and better understanding of the inconsistent results.

DAE-26

Effect of Sheep Compost Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on the Availability of Phosphorus

Raja Zakir*, Hina Shabbir,*Didar Ahmed* and Faridullah*Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of information Technology

Abbottabad

ABSTRACTPhosphorus is an essential element for life and the growth-limiting nutrient in many ecosystems. The Organic Phosphorus Pool accounts for 20-80% of total soil Phosphorus. After mineralization, organic Phosphorus plays a significant role in meeting the Phosphorus requirements of plants and soil biota. The use of manure in soil is beneficial to its fertility, physical, chemical and biological properties. Organic farming is a system that promotes the use of organic fertilizers. An experiment was conducted to compare sheep compost with chemical fertilizer amended with soil on the extractability of Phosphorus. Total phosphorus was analyzed by using blue test method of double acid digestion. The results show that highest phosphorus concentration was observed in NP fertilizer, while sheep compost has low P content. Although the chemical fertilizers have high P content but it has some environmental concerns. It is better to use the sheep compost to increase crop production as well as soil quality. It is concluded that the application of sheep manure to the field could reduce both synthetic fertilizer inputs and improve soil qualities.

DAE-31

Foliar Applied Potassium (K) Alteration in Water Relations and Chlorophyll Content of Camelina Under Salt Stress Condition

Zahoor Ahmad, Maria Athar*, Syeda Sadaf Zehra*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman**, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich***, Hinnan Khalid ** and M. Aamir Iqbal****

Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan*Department of life Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

** Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan*** Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

**** Department of Agronomy, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACTSalt stress is one of the important threats which enhanced the osmotic concentration in leaf by reducing water upateke and ultimately reduce the growth and physiology of crops. Pot study was conducted to check the physiological responses of camelina under the salt stress by foliar applied K in Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan in 2017. Canadian variety of camelina with six different treatments (T0 = Control, T1 = NaCl @ 100 mM, T2 =NaCl + K @ 2 kg/ha, T3 = NaCl + K @ 4 kg/ha, T4 = NaCl + K @ 6 kg/ha, T5 = NaCl + K @ 8 kg/ha) were used for this experiment. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication was used. The result concluded that the physiological characteristics of camelina decreases with increasing the salt stress but the foliar application of potassium caused significant improvement in the physiological characteristics of camelina. The chlorophyll content, osmotic and water potential and turgor

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pressure are significantly affected under salt stress condition but application of K @ 6 kg/ha also improved these characters under salt stress conditions.

Key words: Water relations, Total Chlorophyll contents, Foliar K, Salt Stress, Camelina

DAE-32

Impact of Foliar Applied Salicylic Acid (SA) on Growth, Water Relations and Chlorophyll Content of Camelina Under Water Stress Condition

Zahoor Ahmad, Maria Rasool*, Syeda Sadaf Zehra*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman**, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich*** and Hinnan Khalid **

Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan*Department of life Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

** Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan*** Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

[email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACTPlants in nature are continuously exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and considered a severe threat for sustainable crop production. A pot study was conducted to check the growth, water relations and total chlorophyll content of camelina by foliar applied SA under water stress conditions in Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Australian camelina with six different treatments such as T0 (control under stress), T1 (Control under non-stress), T2 (SA@ 2.5mM under stress), T3 (SA@ 2.5mM under non-stress), T4 (SA@ 5mM under stress) and T5

(SA@ 5mM under non- stress) were used for this experiment. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used and each replicated thrice. Results reveal that water stress progressively reduces shoot-root length, and their fresh and dry weight, it also decreases water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential and total chlorophyll content of camelina. Plants showed better growth under different levels of foliar applied SA. Foliar application of SA @ 5 mM reduced the effect of water stress and improved the morpho-physiological characteristics of camelina.

DAE-33

Effect of Organic Amendments on Physiological and Growth Parameters of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) n Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Mehwish Zafar, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman*, Muhammad Ghulam Murtaza*, Shafaqat Ali**, Muhammad Rizwan** and Muhammad Tahir Shehzad*

Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan**Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road,

38000 Faisalabad, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected] , [email protected] ,[email protected]

ABSTRACTHeavy metal pollution is serious problem spreading around the globe. Among heavy metals, Cadmium (Cd) is the most concerned toxic metal due to its non-essential nature. Cadmium enters into human body mainly through food chain. Keeping in view the scenario, it is imperative to minimize the Cd entry into food chain. A pot experiment was conducted on Cd contaminated soil to evaluate the effectiveness of different organic amendments. The treatments employed were control (T1), poultry manure (PM) (T2), press mud (Pr.M)(T3), farm yard manure (FM)(T4), rice husk biochar (RHB) (T5), wheat straw biochar (WSB)(T6), cotton stick biochar (CSB)(T7) and compost (Comp)(T8) with three replications having 3 kg soil in each pot. The residual effect of these treatments were evaluated in this experiment. Results were significant being maximum % increase in chlorophyll contents (19.29%), leaf relative

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water contents (1.46%), root length (104.38%), shoot length (65.97%) were recorded with RHB treated plants compared to that with control without any amendments. It is concluded that (RHB) significantly increased the physiological parameters which also increased the root and shoot growth of wheat.

DAE-34Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bergenia ciliata

Saddaf Rashid, Muhammad Azeem, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Muhammad Maroof Shah, Rafiq AhmadDepartment of environmental Sciences, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

[email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACTPlants have been used as a valuable source of natural drugs for a long period of time such as Bergenia ciliata is well known for its traditional medicinal practices all over the world. The present study was designed to evaluate antibiotic activity of B. ciliata roots and leaves through well diffusion method and broth dilution method. The results showed that 14.5 – 23.5 mm zone of inhibition was observed against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus haemoliticus, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Similarly, 56 – 77 CFU bacteria were observed after applying root and leaf extract on different bacterial strains. This research work has revealed that B. ciliata possess great antibacterial potential and can be used for the treatment of different diseases caused by selected bacterial strains after phytotoxicity analysis.

DAE-35

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Diclipterabupleuroides

Sidra tulmuntaha1, Gulsanga Islam1, Fiza Batool1, Sana Rashid1, Muhammad Maroof Shah1, Romana Khan1, Maria Siddique1, Nighat Fatima2, Irum Shahzadi1*

1Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan2Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTDicliptera bupleuroides is used in folkloric medicines for the treatment of different diseases and as a general tonic for wound healing. The current research project was to optimize solvent extraction protocol, to identify quantitative and qualitative biochemical composition and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of D. bupleuroides.For this purpose the whole plant of D. bupleuroides was collected from Abbottabad region and separated into its four parts including leaf, stem, flower, and root. Five solvents i.e., methanol, acidified methanol, 80% methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol were used for extraction of biochemical compounds from plant. Total phenolic, flavonoids, flavonol, flavanol (catechin), and anthocyanin contents were determined and antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using various antioxidant assays. Cytotoxicity was performed on 3T3 cell line. The data was processed as mean±S.D from triplicate observations and analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to find significant (p<0.05) differences among twenty plant extracts. Quantitative analysis of D. bupleuroides revealed that significant quantity of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were in methanolic extracts, while lowest in ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Significant anthocyanin contents were found in methanolic extract of flowers. The methanolic extracts of D. bupleuroides showed promising antioxidant potential towards DPPH, FRAP assay. In cytotoxicity assay, all the extracts in above mentioned solvents were inactive against 3T3 cell line showing their non toxic effect. The active compounds of D. bupleuroides could be suitable for pharmaceutical industries to develop stress related drugs.

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DAE-36

Spinach Biomass Under Foliar Application of Heavy Metal(Loid)S

Natasha, Muhammad Shahid*, Faiz Rabbani, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad AmjadDepartment of Environmental Sciences,

\COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, [email protected]

ABSTRACTEnvironmental/atmospheric contamination of heavy metal(loid)s is a serious global issue. In addition to root uptake, these heavy metal(loid)s can also enter the plants via aerial plant parts. In this study, arsenic and lead were applied via foliar application to spinach. The effect of foliar metal application was assessed on plant biomass. Both the metals greatly reduced plant biomass. Arsenic was more toxic compared to lead. It is proposed that in addition to root uptake foliar metal uptake must also be considered especially in industrial areas.

DAE-37

Effect of Cadmium on Chlorophyll Contents of Germinating Spinach Seedlings in the Presence and Absence of Organic Amendments

Saliha Shamshada, Muhammad Shahida*, Sana Khalida, Marina Rafiqa, Muhammad Sabird, Behzad Murtazaa, Abu Bakr Umer Farooqa, Noor Samad Shaha

a Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan

[email protected] ABSTRACTCadmium is a well-known toxic element to living organisms. This study evaluated the influence of metal speciation (presence of organic amendments) on cadmium toxicity to germinating spinach seedlings. Plants were treated with two levels of cadmium (25 and 100 µM) chelated with four levels of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA). Exposure to cadmium alone caused toxicity to chlorophyll contents but enhanced fresh weight and length of spinach seedlings. Chelation of cadmium by EDTA, in general, enhanced chlorophyll contents and plant biomass. On the contrary, application of CA either did not affect or slightly reduced chlorophyll contents and plant biomass.

DAF-01Modelling of food security in Bangladesh

B K BalaDepartment of Agro Product Processing Technology

Jessore University of Science and TechnologyJessore 7408, [email protected]

ASTRACT:Introduction of high yielding varieties in early sixties for rice production and subsequent quantum jump for hybrid rice and production of fruits and vegetables, fishery, poultry and dairy products have moved Bangladesh from a food deficit to a food self-sufficient country and government of Bangladesh provides subsidies for inputs for rice production with an aim to achieve self-sufficiency in rice to ensure food security. This paper investigates the interactions between rice production systems and food security in Bangladesh using system dynamics model. The issues of subsidies for agricultural inputs, R & D (Research and Development) for high yielding hybrid rice, and technology transfer through farmer field schools to reduce the productivity gaps are examined. Simulated results show that subsidy liberalization or withdrawn would worsen the self-sufficiency level. Although R & D and

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technology transfer through farmer field schools increase the rice production in Bangladesh but the self -sufficiency level at the end of 50 years of simulation period starting from 2011is 67% which is still lower than the self-sufficiency level. The rice security i.e. self – sufficiency in rice remains a challenge to achieve it. Findings of the simulated studies suggest that funding for R & D for development of high yielding hybrid rice needs priority attention. Also the promotion of technology transfer through farmer field schools to reduce the productivity gap using systems approach and the participatory approach of learning by doing of the farmer field schools is desirable to reduce the productivity gaps in the fields.In conclusion, the system dynamics model of rice security can be used to analyze the policy scenarios to aid in the decision making.

Keywords: Food security; system dynamics; subsidy; R&D; farmer field schools;Bangladesh

DAF-04

Effect of Zero Energy Cool Chamber on Storage Life of Tomato

Samina Khalida*, Bahzad Murtazaa, Muhammad Irfan Ullahb, Tahira Abbas c, Hafiz Muhammad Aatifd, Faheem Abbasa, Umar Shehzada

aDepartment of Environmental Sciences,COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, PakistanbDepartment of Entomology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha (40100), Pakistan

cDepartment of Horticulture, Bahuddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Punjab, PakistandDepartment of Plant Pathology, Bahuddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan

[email protected];[email protected]

ABSTRACTLimited low temperature storage facilities and poor socioeconomic conditions of growers results in huge postharvest losses in developing countries. Zero Energy Cool Chamber (ZECC) is based on evaporative cooling and does not require any electricity or power to operate. In this study, ZECC was constructed at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari Campus to evaluate the effect of low temperature andhigh relative humidity on storage life of tomato. Freshly harvested tomato were obtained from growers and divided into six lots. Three lots were kept in ZECC and the other three in laboratory at ambient conditions. Mass loss (%), visual quality, softness (score), pH, and TSS of produce were monitored until the end of shelf life i.e 10% loss in mass. Temperature and humidity was measured four times a day. After nine days mass loss was higher (20.55%) in laboratory and lower (10.41%) in ZECC. Visual quality of fresh tomatoes was better (5.5, fair) and softness was less (2, slightly soft) in ZECC as compared to laboratory at ambient condition (3.3, poor) and (3.7, severely soft) respectively. Shelf life of tomato was less than five days in laboratory whereas it was ten days in ZECC. Cost benefit ratio of the technique was also calculated.

DAF-05

Phytotoxicity of Antibiotics to Seed Germination and Biomass InTriticum Aestivum

Hira Imam Jamila, Muhammad Arshada*aInstitute of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National

University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 sector, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan [email protected]

ABSTRACTSubstantial utilization of antimicrobial drugs has resulted in the diffusion of these antibiotics in environment. Quite limited information is available on the effect of antibiotics on plants, particularly at concentrations that are actually present in the environment. The current study has been designed to procure realization into the influences of different important antibiotics on plant physiology and toxicity assessment through the effect on seed germination and plant biomass. Five antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and ofloxacin) were selected through a questionnaire survey and the doses to be applied were selected through

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mailto:[email protected];[email protected]

literature. These were applied at varying concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10mgL -1) upon wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their corresponding effects on seed germination and plant biomass was recorded. The germination assay was performed and seeds were incubated for five days. It was observed that germination of seeds was inhibited at a rate of 10% upon applying 10 mgL-1 concentration of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin; and 20% by amoxicillin and ampicillin. However, the difference was not significant. All of the five antibiotics also affected the root and shoot biomass i.e. higher the concentration, more the affect. Although it is unlikely that the pharmaceuticals concentrations measured in the environment could cause lethal effects in plants, the obtained results indicate that these compounds may affect the growth and normal development of these plants. So, both tests can constitute important tools for a fast screening of environmental contamination e.g. in the context of the reuse of wastewater for agricultural purpose.

DAF-06

Evaluating Potential of Ornamental Plants to Grow in Lead Contaminated Soil

Maria Manzoora, Iram Gula, Jean Kallerhoffb, Muhammad Arshada*aInstitute of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National

University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 sector, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan bEcolab, ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, Av. Agrobiopoˆle, Castanet-Tolosan cedex, 31326, France

[email protected]

ABSTRACTGreen house experiments were conducted to investigate lead (Pb) tolerance in ornamental plant species. Soil sampling was done to estimate the amount of Pb contamination in industrial zone of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Soil used for pot experiment was characterized for electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter and nutrient content. Different ornamental plants were cultured at varying soil Pb concentrations and their tolerance index (TI) and biomass was recorded. Results reveled that ornamental plants have potential to tolerate higher concentration of Pb with little decrease in total plant biomass. Among all plants.Godetia grandiflora obtained highest and significant biomass at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg-1 (2.81, 2.68, 2.47 g per plant, respectively). At 2000 mg kg -1Pelargonium hortorum and Tropaeolum majus were significant. Highest Pb tolerance was recorded in Tropaeolum majus (89.1%) and Pelargonium hortorum (84%) at 2000 mg kg-1 making them suitable candidates for site renovation and possibly remediation of Pb contaminated soil. These results bring new insight into the selection of candidates for Pb phytoextraction. However, the results are based on a short-term study, the potential effectiveness of S. Pelargonium hortorum in phytoextraction should be tested in the long-term and open-field studies.

DAF-06bStudies on Factors Associated with Commercial Mango Germplasm Susceptibility Against

Quick Decline of Mango Caused Lasiodiplodia Theobromae (Pat) Griff and Maub

Salik Nawaz Khan 1, Arshadmahmood2, Syed Sarwaralam3, Sabirhussain Khan2

1.Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan2. Instituteof Plant pathology, Auyub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad, Pakistan3. Phyto chemistry Section, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad , Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTIn Pakistan river belts of Sindh and Chenab are the traditional zones of mango production. A survey of seven mango cultivated districts of the Punjab province viz Multan, Khanewal, Muzzafargrah, Toba-Tek Singh, Jhang, Bhawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan was undertaken from 2004-07. More than fifty orchards were chosen at random in each district. Symptoms, disease incidence, spectrum and severity of sudden death disease of mango were recorded in these localities. During field scouting a unit of 25 plants was considered as basic sampling unit for an orchard. Depending upon the plant population number of units at a sampling site was decided. During survey, an infected portion of each plant (stem/root, girth area, bark around collar region of stem and trunk) was carefully

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examined by scratching. The disease severity data were converted into 0-5 rating scale.The mortality of young and adult plants has become a severe threat and its consequences future is nightmare for mango growers. Multan, Khanewal and MuzaffarGarh are the main hit areas. Disease index shows that Chaunsa followed by Langra and Dusehri are mostly affected by the disease. it was also observed that disease statistics are linked with origin and germplasm specificity and wide diversity in cultivars susceptibility was found linked their age and agro climatic conditions of the growing area.

DAF-07Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from

Bryophyllum pinnatum

Taliha Sajjad, Sobia Nisa and Maimoona SabirDepartment of Microbiology,University of Haripur Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to isolate endophytic fungi from Bryophyllum pinnatum a medicinally important plant. Leaves and stem samples ofBryophyllum pinnatum were collected, surface sterilized and incubated on Potato Dextrose Agar supplemented with antibiotic for growth of endophytic fungi. Five fungal species were isolated and identified as Aspergillus fumigates (BPL 13), Aspergillus niger (BPL 8) Aspergillus clavatus (BPS 1) Aspergillus flavus (BPS 4) and Rhizoctonia solani (BPS 12). Isolated endophytic fungi were cultured in Potato dextrose broth at 28 ◦C and 180 rpm for four weeks in shaker incubator and extract was prepared by using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of fungal ethyl acetate extract was determined against gram negative and gram positive bacteria by agar well diffusion method. Crude ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus fumigates (BPL 13) exhibited a high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm). The crude extract of Aspergillus niger (BPL 8) was most active against Streptococcus mutans with zone of clearance of 17 mm. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts indicated presence of phenols, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Findings of this study shows that endophytic fungi associated with Bryophyllum pinnatum can be potential agents for extraction of antimicrobial compounds.

DAF-08

Safe Food Production on Sustainable Basis from Cadmium (Cd) Contaminated Soil and Waste Water

Hinnan Khalid, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman*, Muhammad Rizwan**, Muhammad Aamer Maqsood**, Hamaad Raza Ahmad** and Maqsoda Waqar*

Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanPunjab Agriculture Department, Shahkot, Pakistan

**Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan

[email protected], [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTToday, we have realized the fact that we are in need of sustainable development. Unfortunately, industrial revolution has raised many alarming threats for the survival of ecosystem. Climate change, high temperature, contaminated food, epidemic diseases and polluted environment are some of the major challenges for the survival of life. Under such desperations, there is a dire need to reuse limited recourses including water. Although, waste water is liberated with toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), one of the most debating metals, being most fatal and non-essential, still reuse of waste water with the application of various amendments can be a breakthrough for drought spell. Therefore, accepting this stern challenge, a field experiment was conducted in the vicinity of Multan for wheat cultivation irrigated with waste water coupled with the addition of diammonium phosphate (DAP), lignite, farm yard manure (FYM) and biochar as the efficient Cd immobilizing amendments. Results revealed that combination of DAP and FYM showed maximum decrease in grain and straw Cd concentration as compared to the control.

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DAF-09

Effect of Organic Amendments Combined with Phosphorus on Some Physiological Parameters of Wheat Grown n Metal Contaminated Soil

Fatima Akmal, Muhammad Zia–ur-Rehman*, Hamaad Raza Ahmad**, Muhammad Sabir***, Mehwish Zafar**** and Muhammad Zeeshan*****

Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],


ABSTRACTWith growing population and industrialization, fresh water consumption has boosted the water scarcity problem worldwide. The main problem of industries is the addition of heavy metal especially Cd in the waste water. Due to ultimate water scarcity, farmers are urged to use waste water for irrigation purpose. This waste water is the main cause of heavy metals entry in soil and environment. In soil, Cd can be taken up by the plants due to its high mobility and activity. It is difficult to flush the soil to remove or restrict the Cd but Cd immobilization can be done by adding different amendments in soil. An experiment was conducted on metal contaminated soil using phosphorus (P) and its combination with organic amendments (Lignite, FYM and Biochar). Results depicted that FYM in combination with P significantly increased chlorophyll contents (4.65 %), photosynthetic rates (25.87 %), sub stomatal CO 2 concentration (29.0049%) and transpiration rate (25.74 %) as compared to control. While biochar with P gave highest stomatal conductance (311.11%) compared to control. Overall P with FYM combination gave significantly good results in improving physiological parameters of wheat.

DAF-10

Effect of Organic Amendments on Rice Yield and Cd Concentration in Various Plant Parts

Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Hinnan Khalid*, Muhammad Aamer Maqsood*, Muhammad Sabir*

Muhammad Rizwan** and Arsalan Rauf*

Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan**Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road,

38000 Faisalabad, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ,


ABSTRACTCadmium (Cd) accumulation and transfer through cereal crops especially rice, into food chain is major concern for food security. The major source for Cd entry into ecosystem is the dumping of raw city effluents into agricultural soils and sowing of grain crops and vegetables on such soils. Different amendments are being practiced in contaminated soils for safe food production. A research study was planned to determine impacts of various organic materials on Cd phyto-availability by rice which was irrigated with raw city effluents. Designed treatments were: control, cotton stick biochar, wheat straw biochar and compost, with four replications. Results depicted that organic amendments application significantly decreased Cd concentration in rice crop as well as increased the rice yield as compared to the control. However, use of WSB showed most efficient results for increasing the Cd immobilization along with improving the growth attributes of the rice crop.

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URBANIZATION AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

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EBE-01

Experimental Investigation of Flexure Behaviourof Ferrocement Beam

Adeed Khan and Mohammad Adil*Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan, *University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan


ABSTRACT It is now an establish fact that structure built with ductile elements proof to be safer in an extreme events like earthquakes, cyclones, floods, fire and blast etc. It is not easy and uneconomical to provide ductility to whole of the structure using traditional construction techniques. Ferrocement being used for mainly strengthening and retrofitting purposes is so ductile material that it is used to produce bendable concretes. Ferrocement is commonly used in the form of thin panels and its application has not been observed as beams or columns. In this research beam elements are produce using ferrocement and there flexure performance has been observed and presented in this paper. A comparison with typical RCC beam has been provided with ferrocement beams built with different mesh types. It was found that for thick-wire-wide-mesh ferrocement beams the ductility was for better than RCC beams while the strength was adequate. For thin wire narrow mesh ferrocement beams the ductility was very high but strength was too less compare to RCC beams.

EBE-02

Comparison of Normally Vibrated Concrete and Self Compacting Concrete in Structural Components of a Medium Rise Building

Ammara Sarfraz and Mehreen Khalid *Department of Architectural Engineering and Design, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore


ABSTRACTIncreasing trend ofurbanization and industrialization hasdemandedconstructionofbuildingswith amodernization tomake anoptimized useof reduced availableland. In heavilypopulated areas especially in under-developing countries,whichcan be achieve economically by using self-compacting concrete(SCC) instead of normal vibrated concrete(NVC). In this research work, experimental results for SCC are extracted from a locally carried research. The results are implemented on an existing medium rise building, which is then designed for both SCC and NVC by software stimulation. The comparison of detailed effects of SCC and NVC on the structural components of the building in terms of reinforcement and dimension is established, on the basis of the two models. The results were, under the same load conditions, when the cross-sectional area of SCC columns is reduced from 25 % to 56.5% , the reinforcement is reduced from 25% to 54.5% as compared to NVC columns. Similarly when the cross-sectional are of SCC beams is reduced to 57.2% as compared to NVC beams , the reinforcement reduction varies from 37.042% to 95.25%. Moreover recommendation for future work and direction for this field of research have been detailed.

EBE-03Energy Efficient Buildings are Mandatory for Environmental Protection

Zeeshan Ullah*, Naheed Akhtar**,Khan Shahid Kamal Khan**, Farjad Sami***National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, **ABASYN University, Islamabad, Pakistan

[email protected] , [email protected] , khan [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACT Pakistan is facing an immense energy crisis and demand of energy is increasing day by day. The sustainable solution for this energy demand is to conserve energy and produce its smaller portions from non-renewable sources and the

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remaining from renewable sources since Pakistan has more than 300 full light days, wind and a treasure of water sources. Buildings are the prime consumer of energy and there lies a capacity in buildings to conserve energy if designed intelligently. The buildings can be smartly designed to take maximum advantage of natural sources for lighting, heating and cooling purposes inside the building while minimizing the electricity use. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of energy efficient buildings for a better, economical and energy saving sustainable construction. A case study of textile mill is discussed where energy efficient system was installed resulting in a reduced electricity consumption by more than 35%. The investment on transforming a conventional building to an energy efficient building returns in the form of lesser electricity bills and healthier production.

EBE-04

Cost, Strength and Environmental Effects of Concrete by Using Recycled Aggregates

Zeeshan Ullah*,Khan Shahid Kamal Khan**, Anum Khalid**, Naheed Akhtar***National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, **ABASYN University, Islamabad, Pakistan

[email protected] , [email protected] ,khan [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTEffect of water to cement ratio and curing condition on compressive strength of recycled aggregate has been investigated in this project. Construction and demolition wastes are produced every day around the world. Thus, the idea of using recycled concrete aggregate in new concrete production appears to be an effective utilization of concrete waste. The use of concrete in structures consumes millions of tons of aggregates. Since earth is the source of the aggregates (either natural or crushed), then obtaining these amounts would have an adverse effect on the environment. Furthermore, demolishing concrete structures and dumping the concrete rubbles would aggravate the problem. Therefore, it becomes necessary to recycle the crushed concrete and use it as coarse aggregate in new concrete mixes.Recycled aggregate properties have been determined and compared to those of natural aggregates. Except for absorption, there was not a significant difference between the natural aggregate and recycled aggregate. Recycled aggregates were introduced in concrete mixes. In these mixes, natural coarse aggregate was partly or totally replaced by recycled aggregates. Results showed that the use of recycled aggregates has an adverse effect on the workability of concrete. Such an effect can be easily retained by using plasticizers. Also, concrete strength has been reduced by 5% to 25% depending on the percent of the normal aggregate replaced by recycled aggregate and the water-cement ratio. With respect to the tensile strength, recycled aggregate concrete was slightly lower.Although recycled aggregates can be used in a variety of road construction applications, product variability and strength characteristics usually limit their use to road base, backfill, and asphalt pavement. Quality of the products containing recycled material is often source dependent, and in discriminant blending may lead to inferior performance.Careful feed monitoring, testing, and marketing can broaden the use of recycled aggregates into other applications.

EBE-05

Comparison of Strength of Concrete by Using Industrial Waste Water to Reduce its Effect on Environment

Zeeshan Ullah*, Anum Khalid**, Naheed Akhtar**,Faiza Khalid*National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, **ABASYN University, Islamabad, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTConcrete is the heterogeneous mixture of cement, sand, crush and water in specific proportion. The strength of concrete highly depends upon the strength and properties of its ingredients. Better the quality of all the ingredients in concrete more will be the strength of concrete and vice versa. Mainly the strength of concrete depends of the quantity and quality of mixing water as well as aggregates. The quality and quantity of water matters a lot in the strength of concrete. If greater amount water will add in concrete mixture then it will produce lot of voids in concrete and reduce the strength of concrete. Similarly, the strength of concrete effects by the quality of water.

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Better quality of water will improve the strength of concrete and poor quality of water will reduce the strength of concrete. It is good to use drinkable water in the mixing of concrete. The impurities present in the mixing water will not allow the hydration reaction to proceed effectively and hence reduce the strength of concrete. Five different quality of mixing water were used in this research to investigate their effect on compressive strength of concrete that included tab water, distilled water, canal water, sea water and industrial water. Industrial waste water produces the disaster effects on environment and need to be treated and reuse to reduce its environmental effects. The samples were made by using these qualities of water and then tested in compression testing machine after specific period of time. The compressive of all these samples were compared. The compressive strength of industrial waste water came out to be maximum due to presence of chemical in it that promote the hydration reaction in concrete. So, it is recommended that construction stakeholders should use the industrial waste water in concrete to reduce its environmental effect and to protect the nature.

EBE-07

Translucent Concrete- A New Dimension f Green Buildings

Ahmad Ali, Muhammad MaqboolSadiqAwan*Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad.


ABSTRACTConcrete, which is generally perceived as dull, pale, opaque and grey material, can be improved in appearance without compromising its strength. Furthermore, it can be made light and energy efficient at a viable cost. Litracon (Translucent concrete), despite the Lackluster concrete, is formed by agglomeration of fine concrete with strands of end-lite type plastic optical fiber that gives an aesthetics to it. It will not compromise the structural (compressive strength as well as tensile) strength, i.e. at 3 to 4% of optical fiber, its compressive strength is 1 to 1.3 times the normal concrete. Pursuits of this investigation, are to create specimen with different percentages of POF 3 to 6% and then evaluate and compare with normal concrete. The experiments lead to major findings that translucent concrete is applicable to both load bearing; when a specified percentage (3 to 4%) of POF used in the mixture, and non-load bearing structural elements. This can be applied to skyscrapers residential facilities. The results prove that this study is eco-friendly as it saves energy by allowing the natural light through the translucent concrete and illuminating the interiors and exteriors of the buildings with least heat of conduction. This concept of saving energy integrates with green energy saving concept by the virtue of self-sensing properties of materials.

EBE-08

Willingness to Adopt the Concept of Zero Energy Buildings

FidaSiddiqui, Ali RazaBhagat*, Muhammad AkramAkhund, Ali RazaKhoso, Faraz Ahmed LashariDepartment of Civil Engineering, Mehran U.E.T., Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.

*Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management,Mehran U.E.T., Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.*Department of Electronics, Sindh University, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.

[email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTZero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) are introduced to encourage the concept of sustainability; assuming that total energy produced by renewable sources is nearly or equal to that of energy supplied from grid station. Precisely, it is to maintain balance between energy produced at site (by renewable sources) and energy produced off-site (at grid station). Problem in this regard is same as with sustainability; there isn’t specific definition for (ZEBs). It is found to be different for different people; they do define it according to the condition of respective building or structure, requirement, society etc. This study provides suitable definition of (ZEBs) according to people of Sindh, Pakistan. Questionnaires were developed for individuals working in the industry as builders, engineers and material suppliers. The challenges identified by un-structured interviews and literature review were taken under prime consideration during study. The results reveal the interests of people for adopting the mentioned concept.

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EBE-09

Stress and Psychological Wellbeing of Nursing Professionals at Work Place Environment

Sehrish Khan, Romana JamshedDepartment of Humanities, Department of Environmental Sciences,CIIT, Abbottabad


ABSTRACTStress in relation to work place environment has remained an important issue in medical profession. Researchers extensively investigated the sources of job stress and levels of job satisfaction. However, studies addressing issues of nurses' psychological health are scarce. Hence this study was conducted to analyze the work place stress and psychological well-being in nursing professionals of different hospitals of Hazara division. 150 nursing professionals were selected by using convenient sampling technique. The data was collected by using work place stress questionnaire and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being scale. Regression and correlation was found by using SPSS. The results of the study showed a significant correlation between work place stress and psychological well-being. It was concluded that stress is a predictor of psychological well-being. The findings suggested that work place environment plays a key role in work performance and psychological health. Stress is important to be studied in nursing profession and should be controlled for best job performance of nurses. The study can be used for developing stress coping strategies for nursing professionals.

EBE-10

Solar Absorption Cooling System Assisted with Geothermal Heat Exchange Technology for Energy Efficient Buildings in Pakistan

Sufyan Naeem**United States Pakistan Center for Advance Studies in Energy (USPCASE), National University of Science and technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a research on a 3 TON capacity solar absorption cooling (SAC) system hybridized with geothermal heat exchange (GHX) cooling system. The case study is an arbitrary room with given dimensions and insulation polystyrene sheets fitted in walls, to reduce cooling load. The location of case study is Islamabad city in Pakistan. The GHX technology hybridized with SAC system is used in order to produce a heat sink to dispose the space heat from room. The heat energy required by absorption chiller is provided using solar water heaters. The whole research is simulated on TRNSYS software while simulation for cooling loads done on TRNBuild software. The results were further analyzed for economic and environmental analysis on Ret Screen software. The results indicate that an optimum working SAC system could be designed using 8m2 area of flat-plat solar collectors and 0.4m3 volume of storage tank. The GHX system uses HDPE pipes having 2 inch diameter and length of 100 meters, having horizontal assembly. The COP of the system was calculated to be 0.71 in summers and solar fraction of 0.96 while the payback period calculated is 9.7 years. The carbon production found using proposed technology is 0.8 TON.

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EUE-01

Urban Population Behaviour and Knowledge Assessment About Water Quality, Consumption and Conservation: (South Asia Case Study)

Mohammad QasimMenecracy Development Institute/ University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 29 South Main Street, Spring Valley, New

York 10977, [email protected]

ABSTRACTScarcity of potable and drinking water has created great economic constraint upon the urban public in South Asia (ADB, 2011). The demand has increased ten folds while the supply although being abundant in ground and surface water rich areas has dwindled. Sustainable approaches to manage water require integrated management while community engagement lacks due to the technology unawareness, and being deficient of water policies. Community acceptance regarding water policies is based on the knowledge which is a by-product of information and active engagement. While identifying community engagement, we verified local population knowledgebase and awareness about sustainable and integrated water management. To gain full knowledge we developed a case study to learn it from the community across Pakistan. The research instrument was designed to measure knowledge about water and related factor contributing to conservation. The study was based on interviews of twenty five thousand households selected through stratified sampling method in five large cities of the Punjab namely, Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, and Faisalabad. We selected five thousand households in each of the urban area. The study also measured psychological, health, environment, and water related activities. We also measured the impact of the monsoon season which impacts and recharges the ground water during the summer months. The responses were explanatory directing our attention towards strict water policy, urban water cycle issues, lack of proper solid waste disposal and absence of sewage treatment facilities (Chang. S, 2006). However our finding provided that water knowledge was directly connected with the seniority in age, coupled with higher education and knowledge of health and water borne diseases. While the deficiency of knowledge and related actions towards policy formation were the direct result of not knowing modern languages of education, poverty, lack of access to information and gender biases. Lower water knowledge was a by-product of non comprehension of the water filtration techniques, water harvesting of rain water and knowledge of water scarcity and the procedures of protecting ground and surface water from pollution of various types. Another element was interestingly overwhelming that a large segment of the population had no knowledge of the microbial life and then cross contamination of food prepared with unsafe water. Population had zero knowledge of the conservation thus providing enormous opportunity for water based education for sustainable living.

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NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

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GRN-01

Analyze the Causes and Threats to FraxinusExcelsior (Sum) in BalakotDistrict Mansehra KPK Pakistan

Didar Ahmed*, Faridullah*, HinaShabbir* and Raja Zakir*Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of information Technology Abbottabad

ABSTRACTForests are main ecological resources, facing major risk due to the increasing human population. Balakot is located about 37 km from the city of Mansehra. Balakot is tropical area covered with high steep mountains and dense forests. The current study entitled “study of the causes and threats to Fraxinus excelsior (Sum) in Balakot district Mansehra Khyber-Phakhtunkhwa, Pakistan”. Field survey was adopted to collect the data regarding to Fraxinus excelsior. Quadrate method was used to find the density and frequency of Fraxinus excelsior. The frequency of Fraxinus excelsior is 0.12 and its density is 0.06 tress/ha. Questionnaires were distributed to find out the causes and threats to Fraxinus excelsior in Balakot. Data obtain from both local and forest department reveals that overgrazing, poor role of forest department, over exploitation, use as a fuel and high market value of the Fraxinus excelsior is the major threats to Fraxinus excelsior in the study area. The survey also revealed that lack of awareness; unemployment and poverty are the main underlying causes of those threats to Fraxinus excelsior in the study area. If the current activities are carried out continually this specie will extinct from the region.

GNR-02

Leaching of Complex Sulfide Ores of Chitral and Saindak Areas

Iffat Tahira Siddique & Izhar-ul-Haq Khan*GGHSS, MinhalaKalan Lahore Cantt, *Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Township, Lahore.


ABSTRACTThe leaching of copper ores containing sulfides and oxide minerals was investigated using acids for the extraction of copper. It is shown that indigenous copper ores containing complex sulfides and chalcopyrite concentrates can be chemically processed. Eighty eight percent leaching was found by using liquid solid ratio of 10:1 under pressure and temperature, using –300 mesh size material with mixture of 1.5 M HNO3 and 3.5 M H2SO4. The bulk ore was found to contain economic amounts of base and precious metals e.g.; 13.92 to 20.98 % Copper, 1.28 to 1.85 % Zinc, 1.7 to 3.15 ppm Silver and 0.91 to 1.09 ppm Gold. The work on grades of indigenous complex sulfides from less oxidized bulk mined samples of Darosh, Chitral were not reported previously.

GWQ-02

Water Quality Assessment of Kabul River with Emphasis on Catchment Area in Pakistan

Toqeer Ahmed 1, Rabbia Murtaza 1, Muhammad Zahir 1, Amir H. Malik1, Muhammad Abid 2, Jay Sagin 3

1. Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, slamabad;

2. Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IRC), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Wah; 3. Department of Civil Engineering, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana, Kazakhstan,

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

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ABSTRACTThe increasing population density and the growing energy demands put huge pressure on water resources in the country. It was reported that almost 40% deaths in Pakistan are happening due to water borne diseases like cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other serious illnesses such as Guinea worm disease etc. Water pollution assessment was performed in Kabul river based on literature review. The total length of Kabul River is approximately 1500 km (Kabul River and its tributaries) almost about 50% of which is located inside Pakistan. In terms of pollution load of river, cities and industrial towns are playing detrimental role. In Pakistan Chitral, Darosh, Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera are contributing both domestic sewage and industrial effluents directly into the Kabul river. Dir and Temargara contribute their sewage waste through the Punjkora river, while Kalam, Bahrain, Mingora, Batkhela and Dargai contribute the same through Swat river while Mardan, Sher-Garh and Takhtbhai through the Kalpani river. It was analyzed that the water quality of river Kabul is severely contaminated by the rapid urbanization and industrialization in the entire KPK region. The sewage and industrial wastes, agricultural runoff and salinization intrusion caused water contamination of river Kabul. The entire river receives multiple effluents from 13 leather processing units. Thus, the discharge of effluents and other wastes cause sub lethal organic pollution. The river ecosystem is also polluted by the effluents load from several anthropogenic sources. The downstream river water is not fit for drinking by human, livestock and irrigation purposes. It is therefore recommended that the environmental resources have already been affected negatively. Construction of more dam, in any country, Pakistan or Afghanistan, on Kabul river main stream or diversion of any tributary will have more negative impacts on Pakistan in general and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province due to increase in concentration of pollutants. It is concluded that water quantity and quality of river Kabul must be the focus as it is the common property of both the countries and both have got the right to use it for economic up lift. But no country has got the right to degrade it. It is therefore recommended that Pakistan and Afghanistan must work on the protection, conservation and watershed management of river Kabul.

KEYWORDSIndustrial effluents, River Kabul, Salinization, Water quality, Waterborne diseases

GWQ-03

Assessment of Consumer Satisfaction Level Towards Services of Water and Sanitation Agency (Wasa), Rawalpindi.

AbeerArshad, AnumAslam and Dr.Sofia KhalidDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe management of clean drinking water supply systems and sanitary facilities is of extreme importance in order to acquire a healthy life. Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (WASA) Rawalpindi, is responsible for the management, continuous monitoring as well as operation and maintenance of both water supply and wastewater management systems in Rawalpindi city. The current study was conducted to evaluate the performance of WASA for provision of its services to its beneficiaries, as the success of any water business management is measured by evaluating the satisfaction level of its consumers. For this purpose, a model named Service Beneficiary Assessment Model (SBAM) was used. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), concerning the various social aspects relevant to the model, were formulated to develop the questionnaire for carrying out the survey. The survey was conducted in all 46 Union Councils (UCs) of Rawal Town which is the main working area of WASA, where 200 service consumers, selected by random sampling technique were asked to fill the questionnaires. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for data analysis. The overall performance of WASA was found below the satisfaction level of consumers. In order to satisfy the needs of consumers immediate improvements are required in certain sectors i.e. regular water supply in houses, maintenance of filtration plants and tube wells as well as insurance of provision of safe drinking water for all the residents.

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GWQ-05

Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Analysis with Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Life of Shahpur Dam Water Reservoir, Attock District

Asma Khalil, Raihan Ahmad, AsmaJamil, Tahseenullah Khan, Said Akbar Khan

ABSTRACTWater quality and toxicity potential in the water of Shahpur dam was investigated to evaluate the pollution load from anthropogenic sources and their toxicity potential in aquatic life. The reservoir is used to supply the irrigation water, develop fish culture and as source of water to the surrounding areas. Water samples were collected according to standard protocols from ten different locations of the lake and tributaries. Native fish samples were collected from various locations of water reservoir. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, and turbidity of water samples were determined to study the water quality characteristics. Heavy metals including Pb, Fe, and Ni were determined in water and fish organs using atomic absorption spectrometry. The fish organs were processed for determination of oxidative stress according to standard protocols. The physicochemical parameters showed higher values at the tributaries as compared to the sampling locations within the lake such as values of hardness and alkalinity were 398 and 278 mg/L, respectively, at the tributary of the Nandanariver. The metal concentration of analyzed elements was highest in the gill, muscle, and liver of the fish samples. The maximum metal concentration was measured as Pb (7.88 mg/kg) in muscles and (7.76 mg/kg) in liver, Fe (7.92 mg/kg) in liver, and Ni (2.25 mg/kg) in gills. A strong correlation was observed between heavy metals and toxicity analysis in fish samples. Oxidative stress was analyzed on Catalase (CAT) activity by using UV spectrophotometer and highest stress was determined in the liver of fish followed by gills and muscles.

GWQ-06

Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality In Khanpur Dam Water Reservoir

Asghar Ali, Farhan Nasrullah, KiranRiaz, AsmaJamil, Tahseenullah Khan, Said Akbar KhanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad Campus

ABSTRACTWater quality and microbial counts in the surface water of Khanpur dam reservoir was investigated to evaluate the pollution load from anthropogenic activities. The reservoir caters to domestic water supplies in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, and irrigation water to many of the agricultural and industrial areas surrounding the cities. Grabbed water samples were collected according to standard protocols from eight different locations of the lake and tributaries keeping in view the recharge points. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and turbidity of water samples were determined to study the water quality characteristics. Microbes were counted and isolated using standard plate count method followed by identification by various biochemical tests. The physicochemical parameters showed higher values at the tributaries as compared to the sampling locations within the water reservoir such as values of hardness and alkalinity were 348 and 265 mg/L, respectively, at the tributary of the Haroriver. Most of the samples showed higher levels of water quality parameters as compared to WHO limits. Most of the isolated microbes from lake belonged to Enterobacteraceae family.

GWQ-07

Classifying Different Zones of Lahore for Arsenic Toxicity Levels through GIS Mapping and Unscrambling Acute Health Issues of the Associated Communities.

Abdullah Yasar⃰, TayyabaNasir, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Naveed Anwar, Aqsa Fayyaz, and Waqas U DinSustainable Development Study Center Government College University Lahore Pakistan.

[email protected]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi

ABSTRACTThe contamination of ground water, employed for the drinking purposes, with the arsenic is major concern owing to the health hazards in general and carcinogenic nature in particular associated with the latter ones. This, therefore, requires the detailed information regarding the possibility of presence of said metal before the utilization of ground water. In the presented study, 77 ground water samples from varying depth and locations were collected from city of Lahore in order to ensure the representative sampling. The toxicity levels varied point to point despite the study area being industrial one at all locations and hence could be divided into three zones i.e. Zone A (highly toxic area), zone B (toxic area) and Zone C (mild toxic area). Zone A situated alongside Multan road In order to get better spatial distribution ArcView GIS 10.2 was employed. To further improve the study, a questionnaire was developed and was being filled by three communities. Arsenic value was found exceeding at all locations when compared to the WHO guidelines, affecting mainly skin, lungs, kidneys, bladder, respiration, heart and nervous system of the nearby residents. In the light of this study, a detailed treatment plan is needed to be developed for the citizens of the reported communities.

GWR-01

Forecasting the Flow of Neelum River by Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling

Muhammad AhsanAmjed*, Kafaitullah*, MunawarIqbal**, ParvezAkhter*, Majid Ali*, Salman Ahmad***, M Adnan Khan***.

*US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Campus, Islamabad, (44000) Pakistan. +92-313-8934788

**Hydropower wing, private power & infrastructure board, Ministry of water and power, G8/1 Islamabad (44000) Pakistan.

***NUST Institute of civil engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Campus, Islamabad, (44000) Pakistan.


ABSTRACT Estimation of river flow is required to design the hydrological structure, bridges and hydropower stations. This estimation may enhance the durability of hydrological infrastructure and minimize the environmental impacts on society as well as on the biosphere. In case of poor assessment, devastations may happen on downstream as a result of heavy floods or water shortage. River flows as being directly responsible for floods and droughts, significantly impact the sustainability of water, food and energy. Many methodologies are used to estimate and predict river flows. In this research article black box technique of artificial neural networking (ANN) Modeling is used to forecast river flows by using historical flow trends and hydrological weather parameter patterns in required region. ANN modeling is done by using most common type of ANN Algorithm that is Feed-forward Back-propagation (FFBP). Hydrological parameter are integrated with model to make base case and used as input along with recent flows of site. For Modeling and evaluation Neelum River was selected on which multiple CPEC energy projects are being constructed and it is main tributary of Jhelum River.

GWR-02

Sensitivity of Estimated Runoff to Initial Abstraction in Nrcs-Cn Method for Runoff Estimation: A Case Study of Tarbela CATCHMENT

Arjumand Zaidi1, 21, Zeenat Yasmeen1, 3

1Institute of Space Technology, National Centre for Remote Sensing & Geo-informatics, Karachi, Pakistan2US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro,

3Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad

[email protected]

1

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ABSTRACTThe Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number (NRCS-CN) method estimates precipitation excess or runoff from a watershed. The initial abstraction and excess runoff rates of a watershed depend on land cover and soil properties of a basin. Due to unavailability of precise soil information of a catchment, the initial abstraction (I a) is usually approximated to 20 percent of soil moisture retention value. This relationship is based on data from small agricultural watersheds, and for other types of watersheds its use can only be justifiable if estimated flood hydrographs are not very sensitive to changes in Ia. Therefore, it is necessary to check the sensitivity of estimated hydrograph to changes in Ia while using NRCS-CN method. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of Ia for hydrologic modeling of Tarbela catchment. The NRCS-CN method programmed in the Hydrologic Modeling System of Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS) is used in this study to develop hydrographs at two locations in the catchment; Partab Bridge and Tarbela Dam. Three different scenarios with changing values of Ia were run in HEC-HMS and peaks of all simulated hydrographs were compared. The response of these scenarios on flood hydrographs at Partab and Tarbela outlets are summarized in this paper. It can be concluded from the summary results that river flows at both locations are not very sensitive to changing values of I a. Therefore, the limitation defined earlier on Ia approximation will not deviate the simulation results beyond an acceptable limit in Tarbela catchment.

GRW-03Can Check Dams Restore Balochistan Aquifers

Vengus Panhwar*, Arjumand Zaidi**, Asmat Ullah

US center for Advance Studies in Water, MUET Jamshoro, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTCheck dams have traditionally been the permanent source of water in the arid province of Balochistan in Pakistan. A check dam is used to delay the floodwater runoff to make it available for domestic and agriculture purposes or to recharge aquifers. The aim of this study is to present and illustrate different techniques for evaluating the performance of check dams. The data were collected based on studies of published research papers and reports of international organizations containing key characteristics of performance evaluation techniques. This review will help to evaluate techniques, policy, and governance interventions in Balochistan by comparing them with the best practices being employed in other regions of the world. In this paper, performance evaluation of check dams for specific cases is presented. The knowledge acquired will be utilized to highlight state-of-the-art practices and to identify the need for further research in this field.

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HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

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HEH-01

Sustainable Measures to Safeguard the Families of CKDu Patients in Sri Lanka

SarathWimalasiriAmarasingheUpulKeerthiJayawardena* University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka- Corresponding Author ,National Institute of Social Development,

Colombo, Sri [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACTChronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology( CKDu) is known as a kidney disease in patients who do not exhibit common causative factors such as diabetes or hypertension. There appears to be a link to people working in the soil and as agricultural workers.A large and growing number of Sri Lankans suffer from CKDu since the early 1990s. Since then, there has been a rapid increase of CKDu cases with a cluster of cases occurring in five endemic areas of the country. The CKDu positive population increased from around 21,000 in 2011 to over 25,000 by the end of 2013 based on 20.6% prevalence rate. The majority of patients are lower income male farm workers in the age range of 30 to 60 years. The impact of the disease is traumatic on patients and their families where they are often unable to pay the high cost required for medical treatments. CKDu occurs in areas where groundwater is the main source of drinking water due to the high concentration of fluoride in ground water. Furthermore, Sri Lanka- being a country of heavy rice consumption, is therefore the second highest among the countries due to the high levels of toxic heavy metal cadmium found in rice. Both factors found to be creating a positive environment to spread the disease in endemic areas of the country. This study was conducted in Alahera DS area of the Polonnaruwa district, which is one of the areas having highest concentration of CKDu in the North Central Province. Research objectives of this study include the investigation of environmental and socio-economic factors affecting the prevalence of the disease, identifying the socio-economic and cultural problems confronted by affected families, assessing the effectiveness of welfare strategies carried out by specific institutions in the area on sustainable basis to overcome the problem. This study revealed that the main reasons to develop the illness of the area are mainly; high concentration chemicals that entered ground water due to excessive use of fertilizer and insecticides, existing higher fluoride levels of the soil due to environmental reasons, using groundwater as the main source of drinking water and lastly, the consumption of rice and fresh water fish grown in this soil.Among the problems confronted by CKDu patients, the declining ability to work and loosing employments, social isolation and marginalization, dependency upon the other family members for living and future uncertainty have been predominant. In the case of affected families, it was discovered that the collapse of the economic situation and poverty, interruption to children's education, collapsing social and kinship relationships, and labelling as vulnerable groups have been significant. Several government sponsored welfare programs implemented in the area seems to be targeted at enhancing the socio-economic situations of the affected families. Therefore, it is apparent that empowerment programs to find sustainable and long term solution to the problem should be implemented.

HEH-08

Causes and Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health

SamreenNaeemUniversity of Sindh Jamshoro

[email protected]

ABSTRACTAllah S.W.T. created this universe for men and mankind, decorate it with all beauties and balance. Give us the fresh and clean air to take breath and feel the life. On the other hand provide us all the basic needs to survive successfully and with luxury land to live air to breathe energy and water to drink. A man is striving since his birth to maintain the harmony but the results of the efforts are not sufficient to keep the combination of qualities in good ratio. Grievously in the race of development we are distorting the purity and virtue of the universe by adding impurities in land and

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water or in other terms making it polluted. Specifically water, the impurities are directly ejected into water bodies like rivers lack and oceans, and caused the 2nd dangerous degradation that is water pollution. This is causing environmental mortification.As we know there is no life without water and the majority of life activities require fresh water but 97% of water on earth is salted water only 3% is fresh water while 2/3 is freeze in glaciers and polar ice caps. The remaining fresh water is found in ground water. It is very sorry to say that we human being are failed to even safe the water for ourselves and for the other creatures as well.There are several types of water pollution like surface water pollution, chemical water pollution thermal and agriculture water pollution. These all are harmful for the human bodies and causes severe diseases which caused lifelong effects and even death example: Diarrhea, Dysentery, Hepatitis A, Lead Poisoning, Malaria, Polymavirus Infection, trachoma (eye infection), Typhoid, and even it can cause HIV Aids in human bodies.We can control this water pollution by taking some precautionary actions like avoid using plastic. It is a great cause of water pollution. Do not through liter around water bodies. Stop spill oil in the sea. Please do not immersion ashes in the sea. If you will follow these little things then surely you can save 70% of your earth, 90% of lives on earth and 80% environmental degradation. We are the cream of creation because we can solve the situation. We can think and find out the situations and we can make the achievable goals so learn and educate yourself to put your contribution to save the water so save the earth and save the life.

HEH-10

Effect of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria on the Efficiency of Monochloramines in a Lab-Scale Drinking Water Setup

AmrahQureshi, Imran Hashmi* and Romana Khan**National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan


ABSTRACTWastewater intrusion in drinking water networks results in ammonia occurrence in water. Nitrifiers usually inhabit chloraminated drinking water distribution networks. Nitrosomonas are the most widely distributed Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) in the environment, responsible for conversion of ammonia to nitrite. Monochloramine decays significantly in the presence of nitrifiers and results in the loss of total chlorine and ammonium-N within distribution lines. This loss subsequently increases HPC bacteria and nitrite concentration. The present study examined the effect of AOBs on chloramination efficiency in a pilot scale drinking water distribution setup. Sludge sample from membrane bioreactor was tested for the presence of Nitrosomonas pre- spiking by amoA- targeted PCR amplification. Amplicons at 500 base pair confirmed the presence of Nitrosomonas specie. A dose of 1 and 2 mg/l monochloramine was tested on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellapneumonaieand Staphylococcus aureus inactivation in the presence and absence of AOB in system. Chloramination efficiency reduced to 2-log as compared to disinfection applied in the absence of AOB. Hence to provide efficient disinfection in long-distant networks, ammonia must be removed from source water to ensure stable residual monochloramine.

HEH-11

Measurement of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides and Associated Health Hazards for Soil Samples Collected from Taxila, Pakistan

S. A. M. Naqvia, S. U. Rahmanb, M. Rafiquec, F. Khand, AK Salmane, Iftikhar A Rajaf

aFederal Urdu University of Science, Arts & Technology (FUUSAT), IslamabadbMedical Physics Dept, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad

cDepartment of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, MuzaffarabaddDepartment of Geology & Allied subjects section University of Haripur, KPK

eDepartment of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad

ABSTRACTSoil samples were collected from tehsil Taxila of district Rawalpindi, Pakistan with an aim to measure naturally occurring radio-nuclides in this region. Radioactivities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are measured using high purity

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germanium (HPGe) based gamma ray spectrometry system. The measured mean specific activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples was 48.20 ± 1.28, 49.25 ± 2.73 Bqkg -1 and 558.92 ± 21.23 Bqkg-1. From the measured activity concentrations of soil samples, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, terrestrial absorbed dose, gamma representative Index, annual effective dose, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and estimated life time cancer risk were calculated. Mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), outdoor radiation hazard index (Hex), indoor radiation hazard index (Hin), absorbed dose rate (D) and gamma representative Index (Iγ) for soil were found to be 161.65 ± 6.66 Bqkg-1 0.44 ± 0.2, 0.57 ± 0.2, 76.21 ± 2.69 nGyh-1and 1.19 ± 0.01 respectively. The calculated annual effective dose, annual gonadal dose, and estimated life time cancer risk for soil samples were 0.14 ± 0.01 mSvy-1, 530.28 ± 18.50 mSvy-1, and 0.49 x 10-3 respectively. On the basis of measured activity and calculated values of hazards indices, it is concluded that the surveyed area does not pose any significant health hazard to the population and environment.

HEH-012

Assessment of Radiological Hazards Due to Naturally Occurring Radionuclides for Soil Samples Collected from KalarSaidan, Pakistan

S. U. Rahmana, S. A. M. Naqvib, M. Rafiquec, F. Khand and Z. Wazire, Iftikhar A Rajaf

aMedical Physics Dept, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), IslamabadbFederal Urdu University of Science, Arts & Technology (FUUSAT), IslamabadcDepartment of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad

dDepartment of Geology & Allied subjects section, University of Haripur, KPKeDepartment of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad

fCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad

ABSTRACTSoil samples were collected from tehsil KalarSaidian of district Rawalpindi, Pakistan with an aim to measure naturally occurring radio-nuclides in this region. Radioactivities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are measured using high purity germanium (HPGe) based gamma ray spectrometry system. The measured mean specific activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples was 61.62 ± 2.14, 55.42 ± 2.31 Bqkg -1 and 537.31 ± 23.47 Bqkg-1. From the measured activity concentrations of soil samples, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, terrestrial absorbed dose, gamma representative Index, annual effective dose, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and estimated life time cancer risk were calculated. Mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), outdoor radiation hazard index (Hex), indoor radiation hazard index (Hin), absorbed dose rate (D) and gamma representative Index (Iγ) for soil were found to be 182.25 ± 11.26 Bqkg-1 0.49 ± 0.02, 0.66 ± 0.02, 85.34 ± 4.29 nGyh-1and 1.32 ± 0.01 respectively. The calculated annual effective dose, annual gonadal dose, and estimated life time cancer risk for soil samples were 0.16 ± 0.01 mSvy-1, 590.79 ± 21.50 mSvy-1, and 0.55 x 10-3 respectively. On the basis of measured activity and calculated values of hazards indices, it is concluded that the surveyed area does not pose any significant health hazard to the population and environment.

HEH-13

Measurement of Radon Concentration in Well and Surface Water in District Mardan, Pakistan

Z.Wazir1*,F.Khan2,S.G.U.S.Bukhari1, Iftikhar A Raja3

1Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2Department of Geology, Haripur University, Haripur, Pakistan, 3Department of Environmental Sciences,COMSATS Institute of Information

TGechnology, [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe mean value of radon levels in all parts was 6.35 ± 0.46 K Bq / m 3which is well below the MCL of 11.1 K Bq / m3recommended by US EPA, so there is no immediate threat from drinking water to the area people.TheTakhtBhai

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part shows slightly higher radon level in water. The reason is sort out by the coming researchers. The Ground Water Radon Concentrations (GWRC) in district of KPK was calculated for the first time .Therefore the results of this study were compared with other studies carried out in various parts of the world. In many cases the results were as good as while in some other cases the result shows some deviation. The reasons for this deviation were probably geology, environmental conditions and the systematic and random errors in the experiment. However the survey of the area was carried out for the establishment of a base line data which could further be exploited for the prediction of earth-quake and other geophysical studies in future.

HEH-014

Effective Radioactive Dose Estimation from Drinking Water Sources Collected From Margala- Islamabad

F. Khan1 , Sohail. A2 , S. A. Khattak1, S. Tahir3, Iftikhar A Raja4

1Deparment of Geology University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan, 2Faculty of sciences, University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan, 3 AUST, Abbottabad, KPK-Pakistan, 4 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad

[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out for radon concentrations in the drinking water sources of Margala region of Islamabad. And from the measured radon levels effective dose was estimated. These samples were collected from spring and bore/well. These two were the only drinking sources for the people of the area. These samples were collected in the month of March, 2016.. The samples were taken to Laboratory for analysis. Spring and bore water samples were analyzed separately for radon concentrations and then the values were compared. The radon concentrations in spring water range from 0.6 to 14.2kBq/m3 with the mean value of 6.3±0.8 kBq/m3 . The radon concentrations in bore/well water range from 0.6 to 19.4 kBq/m3 with the mean value of 7.3±0.9 kBq/m3. High value of radon in bore than spring water and also high value of radon near the fault line in both drinking sources. The mean value of effective dose in all drinking water sources was 0.017±0.002 mSv. This is within the limit, recommended by ICRP-65(3.0-10mSv).

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

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IDI-01

Flood Liable Aspects and Status of Sindh, Pakistan

BibiIlmas*, ImtiazHussainMemon**, MadihaTahir*, Sheikh Saeed Ahmed**Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

** Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Islamabad (2014)[email protected]

ABSTRACTPakistan is facing severe damages every year due to monsoon flooding and most affected provincein this context is Sindh. There are several aspects lying behind the flooding severity of this province. It is not just the natural unkindness but the product of poor management, legislation, coordination and a complete institutional chaos. The challenges being faced by the Province are the poor flood- protection infrastructure on the Indus river system, Lack of integrated flood management system, illiteracy regarding monsoon hazards/responses, security problems in the monsoon prone regions. These identified risks needs to be addressed responsibly by the Government and relevant stakeholders so that annual looses of humans and financial resources can be saved

IDM-01

Needs and Risks of Women in Disasters: A Study Based of Earthquake 2015, Nepal

C. P. M. Gunawardane-Aquinas College of Higher Studies

[email protected]

ABSTRACTDisasters, caused by unexpected natural hazards, are one of the greatest threats to humanity. As natural disasters are unavoidable the hazards of disasters are unavoidable too. Needs and risks are measured during and after the disasters as different groups perceive the needs and risk in different ways. Socio-economic and political arenas as well as geographical location affect the different group of people who expose to natural disasters. Vulnerability of people is a crucial point in dealing with disasters and aim of this research is to identify and asses the needs and risks experienced by women in displaced camps or shelter outside home due to the major earthquake that hit Nepal on 25thApril 2015. The purpose of this study is to assess the needs of women and risk faced by women in displaced camps/ shelters. The research was conducted in two displaced camps areas in Kathmandu District- Tudikhel and Sankur in Nepal as two locations of this research. Ten women were selected and five from each camp were selected purposively. Selected women were in 20-40 age category who and they were married. Data was collected using the case studies and observation methods. According to the findings, the most prominent need of women was to find a safe place for the children. Moreover, women consider fulfilling the needs of children first than themselves. The main risks of women were role of parenting and mothering role and it had made the women vulnerable. Further, maintaining sanitation and preserving the privacy were two risks that were faced by women in two research locations. Economic hazards could be seen as another main issue that made women vulnerable in preventing them from moving out of the displaced camp or shelter. Moreover, the study concludes the research based findings that shows; women’s need are not prioritized while relief material are distributed and the risk has not been totally addressed through the relief as top down approach is utilized in service delivery.

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IDM-02Risk of Future Floods in Malir River Basin

Sumaira Zafar1 and Arjumand Z. Zaidi2

1Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information Science, Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan2USPCASW - U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Pakistan, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, Sindh


ABSTRACTIn recent years, Karachi has become more vulnerable to flash floods due to continuous urbanization and changes in the climatic conditions. A previous study has shown a continuous decrease in barren land and an exponential growth of urban land in Malir River Basin. An increase in the flood affected urban land due to the flash floods from 02 percent to 10 percent has been estimated during 1992 to 2013. The present study identified that if the current trend of urbanization prevails, all the barren land of the Basin will be converted into urban land in 2052. If this happens, then the total urban area will become 89percent of the total Basin area. Following this trend, the curve number (CN) values will also increase from 84 to 92. Using the increased CN values and the most intense rainfall episode of last 30 years, a future flood scenario was modeled. The increased CN reduced the lag-time that resulted in higher runoff discharges. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s software hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) and river analysis system (HEC-RAS) were utilized, respectively, to simulate rainfall-runoff response and flood extent in the Basin. The simulated hydrograph peak in 2052 will increase from the peak of 2009 from 2,832 m 3 /sec to 3,263.8 m3 /sec. The inundated urban area and flood depth, respectively, will increase to 40.3 km 2 and 5.2 meters from 23 km 2 and 4.9 meters. The maps prepared in this study are beneficial for city development authority and disaster management authorities for prudent and pragmatic future planning and hazard management.

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SPECIAL SYMPOSIAClimatic Change and Environmental Dynamics

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SCC-01

Relating Climate Gases and Transformation in a Changing Climate

Bishal SitaulaNorwegian University of Life Sciences,

NO-1432, Aas Norway ([email protected])

ABSTRACTDramatic changes in land use have taken place in larger part of Africa, South Asia and other part of the world, as a result of economic growth and increasing demand for production. Forestlands are converted into agricultural land and are intensified for food production. Hence, the ongoing and unsustainable intensification of cropping systems will result in increased emissions of climate gases, mainly N 2O and CH4. The increasing trend is N input to agro ecosystem with large N losses could be dark side of agricultural intensification, however. We have conducted researches on N2O and CH4 in different land uses mainly from Nepal and India. The study conducted in intensified agricultural land showed significantly higher N2O emission compared to traditional agricultural system. Similarly N2O emissions were very high in upland and grazing land as compared to emissions from forestland and lowland. Similarly CH4 sink was highest in forestland and CH4 emission was highest in periodically flooded lowland area. The field emissions carried out in rice field with SRI techniques, showed a reduced CH4 and N2O emissions in SRI compared to non-SRI rice fields. Likewise, emission study on biochar applied agricultural lands in Nepal indicated a lower N2O emission in the field where biochar was applied. A similar study was conducted in heavily grazed forest in India, which showed reduced net CH4 uptake rate and hence increases the net global warming potential of forest soil. These early studies in Nepal and India provide useful data to illustrate magnitude and mechanism of the problem. However due to the urgency of emerging climate crises, incremental change in technology may not address the ecological problem at their source. There is a need transformative change in our consumption behavior, lifestyle that are linked to demand for choices of food that has an important implication for N fluxes and climate change. After the entire climate change is a multi-dimensional problem, including more than just social or environmental issues. The growing need for interdisciplinary work across the natural, social and noetic sciences demands that each achieve a common understanding about current and emerging global crises as multidimensional issues with linked contexts. To understand this better, one must first identify the linkages between environmental problems deeply rooted in human greed and manifested in various forms such as biodiversity losses, climate change and land degradation. To address these problems at their source, we propose to link these with human desires and how they can be balanced using noetic science of personal and social transformation. These linked problems require a rarely seen collaboration among scientists and masters of various wisdom traditions. The science of wellbeing including noetic/consciousness-based noetic sciences coupled with environmental science is essential in our time. The quest is how to develop science and tailor course curricula in universities that effectively establishes the linkage among environmental, noetic and science of wellbeing.

SEI-02Better Future is under the Threat of Invasive Alien Species

Ahmet Uludag1,2, Khawar Jabran1

1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Canakkale, TurkeyDuzce University, Faculty of Agriculture and Nature Sciences, Duzce, Turkey

[email protected]

ABSTRACTBiodiversity is necessary for today and future because it means basically the universe/earth with different creatures and systems which might be needed each one in the future even we do not understand or use their functions today or each creature has the right to survive from view of some ethical approaches. Invasive alien species (IAS) have been recognized as one of the main drivers that have caused biodiversity loss. Human being has been depended on alien species as crops, livestock, and ornamentals or any other useful ways but they mainly do not cause or just being

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considered do not cause biodiversity loss. However some alien species cause socio economic losses as well as biodiversity losses via competing, interfering, hybridizing, preying, changing habitats and so on. It should be understood that under current situation and future scenarios including global change we need to assess impacts of IAS on biodiversity and ecosystem services. It starts with being aware all individuals of human society and acting as required such as preventing introduction and spread of IAS. The worst point is even the countries have strong rules and high awareness on IAS have still had increasing IAS problem. The biggest challenge is how developing countries will act to save our future, biodiversity.

SEI-03

Selecting Potential Sites of Rainwater Harvesting in Potohar using Geospatial Techniques

1Badar Ghauri and 1Amir Javaid1Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACTPotohar region of Pakistan is highly dependent on rainfall. Geomorphology of the plateau does not allow retention of rain water so any short to long term dry spell results in a drought like conditions affecting the local farmer and the national economy. This situation demands harvesting of rain water in the area. This would not only help mitigate any drought like situation, and meet demand of water for irrigation, livestock, horticulture etc. This in turn would control flash floods in monsoons. We have considered regional land cover, slope, drainage pattern and rainfall trends as variables for ascertaining rainwater harvesting locations. The main objective was to devise criteria maps to identify rainwater harvesting sites in Potohar using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Various site selection criteria were proposed based on Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), rain fall, drainage density and other hydrological parameters.

SEI-04

Cryosphere Dynamic Study of Hunza Basin Using Remote Sensing, Gisand Runoff Modeling

JaveriaSaleem*, Amna Butt*, Adnan Shafiq** and Dr. Sheikh Saeed Ahmad*

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan**Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACT Climate change is currently a dangerous phenomenon that has deleterious economic, social and environmental impacts. Climatic fluctuations directly affect the hydrology of an area, which in turn plays a significant role in economy of any country. In Pakistan, River Indus serves as a major fresh water resource, the flow of this river is fed by glaciated ice and snow present in Karakorum, Himalayas and Hindukush ranges. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the cryosphere dynamics of the area in order to determine the impact of climate change so that the water resources will be managed efficiently. To this end, MODIS satellite imagery of 2010 was used for cryosphere study of Hunza Basin. Daily runoff discharge of Hunza Basin, meteorological parameters, remotely sensed data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were analyzed synergically in the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM). Finally, computed runoff was compared with measured runoff for model calibration. Analysis revealed high glacial melting during simulation period. This indicated that regional warming (caused due to climatic fluctuations which were primarily caused by anthropogenic activities) has affected the hydrology of the area.

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SEI-06

Remote Sensing Data Application to Monitor Snow Cover Variation And Hydrological Regime in A Poorly Gauged River Catchment – Northern Pakistan

Samreen Abdul Hakeem, Muhammad Bilal, Arshid Pervez and Adnan Ahmad TahirDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACTSnow- and glacier-nourished river basins located in the Himalaya-Karakoram-Hindukush (HKH) ranges supply a significant amount of discharge in River Indus (upstream Tarbela Dam). It is, hence, important to comprehend the snow and glacier cover (cryosphere) variation and its relationship to the stream flow in these high-altitude river catchments. The MODIS remotely sensed database of snow products was chosen to examine the average annual cryosphere variations in the Shigar River basin (poorly gauged mountainous sub-catchment of the Indus River). Hydrological regime in the area was investigated through monthly database of observed stream fluxes and climate variables (precipitation and mean temperature) for the Shigar River catchment. Analysis indicated the usefulness of remote sensing techniques for estimation of the snow cover variation in the poorly or un-gauged high-elevation catchments of the HKH zone. Results also showed that Shigar River discharge was influenced mainly by the seasonal and annual snow cover area (SCA) variation and the temperature seasonality. Moreover, it is important to uncover such inter-relationship of stream flow, climate variables and snow cover in the poorly gauged high-altitude catchments of Karakoram region for better water resource management and accurate flood predictions at Tarbela.

SEI-07

Climate Change and Society: A Comparative Study of Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitude of Teachers and Doctors of Abbottabad

Romana Jamshed and Sehrish Khan*Department of Environmental Sciences,

* Department of Humanities,COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad


ABSTRACTThe deficiency of reliable scientific information about the climate change (CC) awareness status of influential social actors like teachers and doctors is affecting relevant departments of general awareness and public health. This study aimed to explore the understanding, attitude and perceptions of male and female university teachers and medical doctors towards CC. The relevant opinions of 110 respondents including 50 university teachers (23 male and 27 female) and 60 medical doctors (25 male and 35 female) of Abbottabad are incorporated through questionnaires to meet the objectives. It is found that almost all the respondents have basic idea of global warming and climate change and also experience change in weather patterns of Abbottabad. Most common sources of information regarding climate change are television, followed by internet and then newspaper. Maximum percentage of male and female teachers and doctors opt that information on CC from a scientist is most reliable while they don’t prefer to buy the information which is shared by their government. More than half of respondents believe that climate change is caused by natural and anthropogenic activities and it will increase with double and threatening rate after fifty years. More than 90% of respondents agree completely or partially that floods in Pakistan are the consequence of climate change while agriculture sector is also under threat. More than two-third have shown complete or partial willingness to participate in mitigating anthropogenic causes of CC in individual and collective manner. Conclusively, it is of critical importance to furnish the teachers and doctors with quality information on climate change through environmental education. This will enable the teachers to effectively deliver the relevant facts to society and empower the doctors to address the consequent health issues in a competitive way.

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Late Submission

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ZLS-01Solid Acid Catalysts From Biowaste and Their Potential For Biodiesel Production

1Najma Memon*, 1Safia Sanam Memon, 1Shahabuddin Memon, 2Abdessadek Lachgar1National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh-Pakistan.

2Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC-USA. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Biodiesel production at commercial scale is viable option to substitute petrodiesel in Pakistan. Solid catalyst for biodiesel production has advantages over homogenous catalyst in terms of ease of separation, reusability, economic efficiency etc. This presentation will focus on the production of carboneous material using green carbonization procedure from various biowaste, followed by sulfonation. Biowastes were hydrothermally carbonized under subcritical water conditions under endogenous pressure for more than 4 hours. Resulting carboneous materials were refluxed with sulfuric acid. Structural and morphological characterization, acid density and catalytic efficiency of such materials and their inter-batch reproducibility for conversion of linoliec acid into methyl linoleate will be discussed in this presentation. The sulfonated carbon-based solid acid microspheric materials showed high acidity and good catalytic activities for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol.

KEYWORDS Biodiesel, solid acid catalyst, green technology, biowaste, energy

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