Nombre:______________________ Español 2

Bloque:_______________________ Sr. Schoenly

Apuntes de capítulo 2, parte 2 / Notes for Chapter 2, Part 2

1) Review of Present Tense of “-ar” Verbs in Spanish

a. What is a verb?_______________________________b. What does it mean to conjugate a verb?_____________________________________c. What is an infinitive verb?_______________________________________________d. Give an example of a verb in the infinitive verb form in English:

i. ________________________________

e. In Spanish, all infinitive verbs end in either__________, ___________, or________.

f. Write the meanings of the following verbs in the blank spaces provided.

Spanish Englishconfirmar (el vuelo)llamarviajartomar (un taxi)abordarfacturar (el equipaje)pasar (por la aduana/por seguridad)

g. How do you conjugate present tense “-ar” verbs in Spanish?

i. Go to the______________________form of a verb.1. EX. viajar----------to travel

ii. Drop the___________________________.1. EX. viaj—

iii. Add the appropriate ending.1. EX. Yo contesto-----------I answer

h. List the appropriate endings for present tense “-ar” verbs in Spanish.

yo nosotros(as)

tú vosotros(as)

él/ella/usted ellos/ellas/ustedes

i. REMEMBER! Where do you attach these endings?________________________________________________________

j. Conjugate the verb in parentheses in the blank space provided. i. EX. Yo paso (pasar) por seguridad.

ii. Tú _______________(confirmar) el vuelo. iii. Ellos ________________(facturar) el equipaje.iv. Nosotros _______________(tomar) un taxiv. Ana y yo __________________(pasar) por la aduana.vi. Yo _____________________(abordar) el vuelo.vii. Ustedes___________________(llamar) al agente de viajes.

2) Present Tense of “-er” and “ir” Verbsa. In Spanish, all verbs end in either____________, ____________, or ____________.

b. Let’s review how to conjugate “-er” and “-ir” verbs in Spanish in the present tense.

i. To conjugate these verbs, first___________________________________________1. Comer---------------------Com-

ii. Then, add the appropriate endings.a. I eat-------------Yo como

iii. List the endings for “-er” verbs in Spanish in the table below.

Singular “-er” verbs Plural “-er” verbs

Yo Nosotros

Tú

Él/ella/usted Ellos/ellas/ustedes

iv. Where do you attach these endings?___________________________________v. List the endings for “-ir” verbs in Spanish in the table below.

vi. Once again, where do you attach these endings?___________________________

vii. These two types of verbs are almost conjugated the same way!

viii. In what form is there a difference between “-er” and “-ir” verbs?__________________________________________________

c. Conjugate the verb in parentheses in the blank space provided. i. EX. Yo bebo (beber) el jugo de naranja.

ii. Yo _______________(comer) los frijolesiii. Ella________________(beber) refrescos.iv. Tú _______________(vender) la fruta.v. Ellos __________________(compartir) el desayuno.vi. Nosotros _____________________(escribir) el menú.vii. Antonio_____________________(beber) el refresco.viii. Antonio y Juan_________________(comer) la fruta.

3) “O” to “ue” Verbs in Present Tense in Spanish

a. List the meanings of the following verbs in Spanish:

i. ___________________acostar

ii. ___________________dormir

b. In these verbs, the “o” in the infinitive will change to “ue” in every form except for_________________________________.

c. Conjugate the verb “acostar – to go to bed” in the box below.

yo nosotros(as)

tú vosotros(as)

Singular “-ir” verbs Plural “-ir” verbs

Yo NosotrosTúÉl/ella/usted Ellos/ellas/ustedes

él/ella/usted ellos/ellas/ustedes

d. Conjugate the verb “dormir – to fall asleep” in the box below.

yo nosotros(as)

tú vosotros(as)

él/ella/usted ellos/ellas/ustedes

e. We call these type of verbs “boot verbs” because the “o” changes to a “ue” in all forms except for “nosotros” and “vosotros.” We draw a “boot” around the forms that change to help us remember.

f. Write the correct conjugated form of the verb in the blank space provided.i. Ellos_____________(dormir)ii. Nosotros____________________(acostar)iii. Juan____________________(dormir)iv. Yo______________________(acostar)v. Tú______________________(dormir)

4) “E” to “-ie” Verbs in Present Tense in Spanish

a. List the meanings of the following verbs in Spanish:

i. ___________________despertar

ii. ___________________encender

b. In these verbs, the second “e” in the infinitive will change to “ie” in every form except for_________________________________.

c. Conjugate the verb “despertar – to wake up” in the box below.

yo nosotros(as)

tú vosotros(as)

él/ella/usted ellos/ellas/ustedes

d. Conjugate the verb “encender – to turn on” in the box below.

yo nosotros(as)

tú vosotros(as)

él/ella/usted ellos/ellas/ustedes

e. We call these type of verbs “boot verbs” because the “e” changes to an “ie” in all forms except for “nosotros” and “vosotros.” We draw a “boot” around the forms that change to help us remember.

f. Write the correct conjugated form of the verb in the blank space provided.i. Yo_____________(encender)ii. Ellos____________________(despertar)iii. Nosotros____________________(despertar)iv. Tú______________________(encender)v. Él______________________(encender)

5) El verbo “querer” / The Verb “Querer”

a. What does the verb “querer” mean in English?_________________________

b. Querer is an “e” to “ie” verb, just like the ones above. Conjugate it in the box below.

Yo (I want) nosotros(as) (we want)

Tú (you want/inf.) vosotros(as)

él/ella/usted ellos/ellas/ustedes

a. Conjugate a form ofthe verb “querer” in the blank space provided. Then, translate what the sentence means in English on the line below. Follow the example.

i. EX. Yo quiero (querer) el champú. I want the shampoo.

ii. Yo _______________(querer) el desodorante.

______________________________________________________________

iii. Ella________________(querer) el jabón.

______________________________________________________________

iv. Tú _______________(querer) la pasta de dientes.

______________________________________________________________

v. Ellos __________________(querer) el secador de pelo.

______________________________________________________________

vi. Nosotros _____________________(querer) la crema de afeitar.

______________________________________________________________

b. Write the following sentences in Spanish on the lines provided.i. We want the comb.

______________________________________________________________ii. They want the towel.

______________________________________________________________iii. He wants the toothbrush.

______________________________________________________________iv. I want the shaving cream.

______________________________________________________________

6) Los verbos reflexivos / Reflexive Verbs

a. Reflexive verbs describe actions done______________________________________.

b. In English, reflexive pronouns end in_________________ or___________________.

i. EX. I shower myself.ii. EX. We talk to ourselves.

c. Reflexive pronouns show that the subject BOTH does and _____________the action of the verb.

d. List the reflexive pronouns in ENGLISH in the box below.

e. Listed below are sentences in English. On the line provided, write what the reflexive pronoun is in English.

i. ________________You shave yourself.

ii. ________________I call myself John.

iii. ________________We wake ourselves up at 6:00 a.m.

iv. ________________They talk to themselves in their sleep.

v. ________________John dries himself after swimming.

f. Basically, a reflexive pronoun represents anything that you can do to yourself.

EX. Shaving, waking up, showering, brushing your teeth, combing your hair, etc.

g. This chapter deals with reflexive verbs OR verbs that require a reflexive action.

i. In Mr. Schoenly’s terms, it is___________________________________.

h. Sometimes in English, the reflexive pronoun is implied, but not stated.

EX. I shower (myself.)EX. You dry (yourself.)EX. He shaves (himself.)

i. List the Spanish reflexive pronouns in the table below.

Yo (to myself) Nosotros (to ourselves)(…y yo)

Tú (to yourself)

Él (to himself)Ella (to herself)Usted (to yourself/formal)(name) (to….)

Ellos (to themselves)Ellas (to themselves)Ustedes (to yourselves)(name y name)

j. In Spanish, all reflexive verbs are expressed with a reflexive_________________, which we just listed in the table above.

k. So, what do reflexive verbs look like in the infinitive (unconjugated) form? Well, they have_____________attached to the “-ar,” “-er,” or “-ir.”

l. Write the meanings of the following reflexive verbs for this chapter on the lines provided.

Spanish EnglishAcostarse (o-ue)

Afeitarse

Arreglarse

Bañarse

Cepillarse (los dientes)

Despertarse (second “e” changes to “ie”)

Dormirse (o-ue)

Ducharse

Entrenarse

Lavarse

Levantarse

Maquillarse

Peinarse

Ponerse la ropa

Secarse

m. Now, how do we use these reflexive pronouns in Spanish? Follow these steps.

i. Determine the___________________ of the sentence (EX: yo, tú, nosotros, etc.)

ii. Write the correct________________________(EX: me, te, se, nos, se)

iii. Write the correct conjugated form of the verb, based on the subject.

REMEMBER! The reflexive pronoun will come before the conjugated verb!

iv. Listed below are how your sentences will look when using a reflexive pronoun.

1. EX. Yo me baño-----------------------------I bathe (myself.)2. EX. Tú te afeitas.--------------------------You shave (youself.)3. EX. Nosotros nos maquillamos.------------We put makeup on

(ourselves.)

v. Let’s try a few examples of how to use the reflexive pronoun in Spanish. Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) in the blank space provided based upon the subject (yo, tú, nosotros, Juan, ellos, etc.) of the sentence. Follow the example.

1. EX. Ellos__se__ lavan.

2. Nosotros_____________afeitamos.3. Juan_____________acuesta a las 10:00.4. Tú_____________duermes.5. Ella_____________ducha.6. Yo______________levanto a las 6:00.7. Juan y yo______________entrenamos.8. Ana y Diana____________cepillan los dientes.9. Ellos_____________secan.10.Ustedes____________bañan.11.Tú________________acuestas.

vi. Great! Now we’re going to take this one step further. So, write the correct reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) on the first line, then write the translation of the sentence in English on the second line. Follow the example. NOTE: When you translate to English, you might not always use a reflexive pronoun in your translation, as some are merely implied in English.

EX. Yo__me__ baño. I bathe (myself.)

1. Tú__________secas.

_________________________________________________________

2. Ellos___________duchan.

_________________________________________________________

3. Tú_________despiertas a las 7:00.

_________________________________________________________

4. Juan y yo______entrenamos.

_________________________________________________________

5. Yo_________arreglo.

_________________________________________________________

6. Nosotros___________afeitamos.

_________________________________________________________

7. Ana______________ducha.

_________________________________________________________

8. Él________peina.

_________________________________________________________vii. Form complete sentences using the words given. Follow the model. The

reflexive verb is underlined. You will have to conjugate it AND use the correct reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) before it. Follow the example.

EX. Pablo / acostarse temprano. Pablo se acuesta temprano.------------Pablo goes to bed early.

1. Yo / ducharse primero

_________________________________________________________2. Nosotros / levantarse temprano

_________________________________________________________3. Tú / afteitarse más tarde

_________________________________________________________4. Ellos / cepillarse los dientes

_________________________________________________________5. Ustedes / arreglarse frecuentemente

_________________________________________________________6. Ana / maquillarse generalmente

_________________________________________________________

viii. Now, let’s put this all together. Write the following sentences out in Spanish. They will all require a correctly conjugated verb and a reflexive pronoun.

1. I shave (myself) frequently.

_________________________________________________________2. We wash (ourselves) first.

_________________________________________________________3. You (singular/informal) train (yourself) sometimes.

_________________________________________________________

4. They comb their hair normally.

_________________________________________________________5. She bathes (herself) later on.

_________________________________________________________

n. Reflexive Pronouns with Questions

i. When dealing with questions that involve reflexive pronouns, you must be sure to answer with the correct indirect object pronoun.

ii. If a question is asked that involves “te – to yourself,” your answer will include_______________.

¿Te duchas?-------------Do you shower (yourself)?Sí, (yo) me ducho.------------Yes, I shower (myself.)

iii. If a question is asked that involves “se (a ustedes),” your answer will include_______________.

¿Ustedes se entrenan?-----------Do you all train (yourselves)?Sí, (nosotros) nos entrenamos.---------------Yes, we train (ourselves.)

iv. If a question is asked that involves “se – to himself, to herself, to them,” your response will include____________________.

¿Jorge se seca?-----------------Does Jorge dry (himself)?Sí, (Jorge) se seca.---------------Yes, Jorge dries (himself.)

v. Answer the following questions in Spanish with the appropriate reflexive pronoun. Use the clues in parentheses in your answer. Follow the example.

EX. ¿Ustedes se maquillan? (sí) Sí, nosotros nos maquillamos.

1. ¿Te lavas? (sí)

_________________________________________________________

2. ¿Ana se cepilla los dientes? (sí)

_________________________________________________________3. ¿Ustedes se arreglan? (sí)

_________________________________________________________4. ¿Te dueremes? (sí)

_________________________________________________________

o. Reflexive Pronouns with Infinitive Verbs

i. Just to help us remember, conjugated the verb “querer – to want” in the table below.

ii. Also, let’s dig into our memories and conjugate the verb “ir – to go” in the box below.

Yo (I want) nosotros(as) (we want)

Tú (you want/inf.) vosotros(as)

él/ella/usted ellos/ellas/ustedes

p. Using the Verb “Ir” to Talk About Future Events

i. There is another use of the verb “ir.” It can be used to say “going to do something.”

1. E.X. I am going to take a taxi.2. E.X. You are going to board the flight.

ii. How do we set that up in Spanish? Write the formula on the line below to say “going to….” in Spanish.

1. ___________________+___________+________________________EX. Yo voy a comer.---------------I am going to eat.EX. Ellos van a aprender.---------They are going to learn.

iii. What is an infinitive verb?_________________________________________

iv. We can say what we are GOING TO DO to ourselves using the formula below. This is used with reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos, se.)

Singular Plural

(1st person) yo (I go)

(1st person) nosotros(as) (we go)

(2nd person) tú (you go/inf.)

(2nd person) vosotros(as)

(3rd person)

Él (He goes)Ella (She goes)Usted (You go/formal)

(3rd person)

Ellos (they go/masculine/mix)Ellas (they go / feminine)Ustedes (you all go)

1. _______________+_______+____________+____________(attached)EX. Yo voy a bañarme.-------------I’m going to bathe (myself.)EX. Nosotros vamos a entrenarnos.—We’re going to train (ourselves.)

v. WAIT!!!! Just like with direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las) the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) can come directly__________________the conjugated verb.

EX. Yo me voy a bañar.-----------------I’m going to bathe (myself.)EX. Nosotros nos vamos a entrenar.-We’re going to train (ourselves.)

vi. We can also use this with the verb “querer” to say what we WANT to do to ourselves.

EX. Nosotros queremos afeitarnos.----We want to shave (ourselves.)EX. Nosotros nos queremos afeitar.----We want to shave (ourselves.)

vii. The reflexive pronoun in these kinds of sentences will ALWAYS match the__________________of the sentence.

q. So, to summarize: when an infinitive verb follows a conjugated verb, the reflexive pronoun can be placed in two different locations:

i. ______________________________________________________

Yo voy a cepillarme los dientes. (I’m going to brush my teeth.)Yo quiero cepillarme los dientes. (I want to brush my teeth)

ii. ______________________________________________________

1. Yo me voy a cepillar los dientes. (I’m going to brush my teeth.)2. Yo me quiero cepillar los dientes. (I want to brush my teeth.)

r. Using the above information as a guide, rewrite the sentences in the opposite way (eith before the conjugated verb OR attached to the infinitive verb.) Follow the example.

EX: Tú vas a secarte. (attached to the infinitive verb) Tú te vas a secar. (before the conjugated verb)

i. Nosotros vamos a peinarnos.

1. ____________________________________(before conjugated verb)

ii. Ella se quiere maquillar.

1. ____________________________________(attached to infinitive)

iii. Yo me quiero entrenar.

1. ___________________________________(attached to infinitive)

iv. Ellos van a despertarse.

1. ___________________________________(before conjugated verb)

s. More Practice with Reflexives and Infinitives

i. Form complete sentences with the words given. Conjugate the correct form of either “querer” or “ir,” and then attach the correct reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) to the infinitive verb based on the subject of the sentence. Follow the example.

EX. Yo / querer lavarse la cara Yo quiero lavarme la cara.

1. Tú / querer peinarse el pelo

_________________________________________________________2. Ustedes / querer arreglarse

_________________________________________________________3. Nosotros / ir a afeitarse la cara

_________________________________________________________4. Juan / ir a acostarse temprano

_________________________________________________________

ii. Let’s try this in the opposite manner. That’s to say, listed below are sentences written with the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) attached to the infinitive verb. Rewrite each sentence by placing the reflexive pronoun in front of the conjugated verb. Follow the example.

EX. Ella va a levantarse temprano. Ella se va a levantar temprano.

1. Yo quiero entrenarme.

_________________________________________________________2. Nosotros queremos ducharnos frecuentemente.

_________________________________________________________3. Ellos van a maquillarse.

_________________________________________________________7) The Present Progressive in Spanish

a. The present progressive tense is used to describe something that is happening right_____________________.

b. The present participle in English is the equivalent of the suffix________________.

EX. singing, dancing, swimming, etc.

c. In English, you make a sentence with the present participle by using a form of________________ with a verb that ends in ___________(present participle.)

EX. I am singing.EX. We are dancing.

d. It’s actually pretty simple to form the “-ing” ending in Spanish.e. To form the “-ing / present participle” in Spanish:

i. First, go to the___________________form of the verb.EX.---------------hablar (to talk)EX.---------------comer (to eat)EX.---------------escribir (to write)

ii. Then, drop the_________________________.

EX.----------------habl—EX.----------------com—EX.----------------escrib—

iii. Lastly, add_______________for “-ar” verbs OR _____________for “-er/-ir” verbs.EX.--------------hablando (talking)EX---------------comiendo (eating)EX.--------------escribiendo (writing)

f. NOTE: “-er” and “-ir” verbs have the______________ending when forming the present participle in Spanish.

g. Let’s try to form the present participle with some common verbs in Spanish. Change the infinitive form of the verb listed into the present participle (-ando/-iendo ending) on the first blank provided. Then on the second blank provided, write what that participle means in English. Follow the example.

EX. Viajar (to travel):--viajando (present participle)----traveling (English meaning)EX. Salir (to go out):--saliendo (present participle)-----going out (English meaning)

i. Correr (to run): ________________ ____________________

ii. Hacer (to do/make): ________________ ____________________

iii. Aprender (to learn): ________________ ____________________

iv. Competir (to compete): ________________ ____________________

v. Recibir (to receive): ________________ ____________________

vi. Comprar (to buy): ________________ ____________________

vii. Usar (to use): ________________ ____________________

viii. duchar (to shower): ________________ ____________________

h. Just to make our lives a little bit more difficult, there are a few irregular present progressives in Spanish. List them below.

Infinitive Verb Present Participle (-ing)

Leer (to read)

Decir (to say/tell)

Dormir (to sleep)

i. GREAT! Now that we know how easy it is to form the present participle (-ing) in Spanish, let’s learn how to create sentences that use the present participle.

j. Conjugate the verb “estar – to be” in the present tense in the table below.

k. Here’s the formula for forming a present progressive sentence that uses the present participle:

i. ____________________________+_______________________EX. Yo estoy comiendo.------------------I am eating.EX. Tú estás hablando.-------------------You are talking.

l. Form complete sentences using the words and phrases given. Don’t forget to conjugate the correct form of “estar” BEFORE using the present participle of the underlined word. Follow the example.

EX. David / hablar por teléfonoEX. David está hablando por teléfono. (David is talking on the phone.)

i. Yo / comprar el jabón

______________________________________________________________ii. Ustedes / viajar a Cuba

______________________________________________________________iii. Nosotros / interrumpir el maestro

______________________________________________________________iv. Tú / vivir en Colombia

______________________________________________________________v. Ellos / decir la verdad

______________________________________________________________

Singular Plural

(1st person) yo (I am)

(1st person) nosotros(as) (we are)

(2nd person) tú (you are/inf.)

(2nd person) vosotros(as)

(3rd person)

Él (He is)Ella (She is)Usted (You are/formal)

(3rd person)

Ellos (they are/masculine/mix)Ellas (they are / feminine)Ustedes (you all are)

vi. Ella / comer la fruta

______________________________________________________________vii. Juan y Carla / gritar mucho

______________________________________________________________

m. The Present Progressive with Reflexive Pronouns

i. If we want to use present progressive sentences with reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos, se,) then we will set them up like we have done previously.

ii. So, we’ll be able to say things like:

I am washing myself.We are training ourselves.

iii. The reflexive pronoun (me ,te, se, nos, se) can be placed in two different places:

1. __________________________________

EX. Yo me estoy lavando.------------I am washing myself.EX. Nosotros nos entrenamos.-----We are training ourselves.

2. __________________________________

EX. Yo estoy lavándome.-----------I am washing myself.EX. Nosotros estamos entrenándonos.----We are training ourselves.

iv. WAIT! When the reflexive pronoun is attached to the present participle (-ando/-iendo,) there is an accent mark! How do we know where to put it?

v. In order to find the correct location for the accent mark, all you need to do is count back_______________vowels (a, e, i, o, u) from the end of the word.

EX: secándome---------“e” is the first vowel, “o” the second, “a” the third.

vi. Listed below are present participles with a reflexive pronoun attached. Write the accent mark on the correct vowel (a, e, i, o, u.)

1. Secandote2. Duchandonos3. Levantandose4. Bañandose5. Durmiendote

n. Using the above information as a guide, rewrite the sentences in the opposite way (eith before the conjugated verb OR attached to the infinitive verb.) Follow the example.

EX: Tú estás lavándote. (attached to the present participle) Tú te estás lavando. (before “estar”)

i. Yo estoy peinándome.

1. ____________________________________(before “estar”)

ii. Nosotros nos estamos secando.

1. ____________________________________(attached to present part.)

iii. Ellos se están maquillando.

1. ___________________________________(attached to present part.)

iv. Juan está bañándose

1. ___________________________________(before “estar”)

o. Reflexive Pronouns with Present Progressive and Questions

i. When dealing with questions that involve reflexive pronouns, you must be sure to answer with the correct indirect object pronoun.

ii. If a question is asked that involves “te – to yourself,” your answer will include_______________.

¿Estás duchándote?-------------Are you showering (yourself?)Sí, (yo) estoy duchándome.------------Yes, I am showering (myself.) ORSí, (yo) me estoy duchando.------------Yes, I am showering (myself.)

iii. If a question is asked that involves “se (a ustedes),” your answer will include_______________.

¿Ustedes están maquillándose?---Are you all putting makeup on (yourselves?)Sí, (nosotros) estamos maquillándonos..-----Yes, we’re putting makeup on. OR

Sí, (nosotros) nos estamos maquillando.------Yes, we’re putting makeup on.

iv. If a question is asked that involves “se – to himself, to herself, to them,” your response will include____________________.

¿Jorge está secándose?-----------------Is Jorge drying (himself)?Sí, (Jorge) está secándose.---------------Yes, Jorge is drying (himself.) ORSí, (Jorge) se está secando.--------------Yes, Jorge is drying (himself.)

v. Answer the following questions in Spanish with the appropriate reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) and form of “estar”. You will answer both ways (reflexive attached to present participle / reflexive in front of “estar.”) On the first line, answer by attaching the reflexive pronoun to the present participle. On the second line, put the reflexive pronoun in front of “estar.” Use the clues in parentheses. Follow the example. The questions start on the next page.

EX. ¿Ustedes están durmiéndose? (sí) Sí, nosotros estamos durmiéndonos. (attached to participle) Sí, nosotros nos estamos durmiendo. (in front of “estar”)

1. ¿Estás acostándote? (sí)

_______________________________________(attached to participle)

_______________________________________(in front of “estar”)

2. ¿Ella está afeitándose? (sí)

_______________________________________(attached to participle)

_______________________________________(in front of “estar”)

3. ¿Ustedes están maquillándose? (sí)

_______________________________________(attached to participle)

________________________________________(in front of “estar”)

4. ¿Estás arreglándote? (sí)

_______________________________________(attached to participle)

________________________________________(in front of “estar”)