Chemistry Thermodynamics Test

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Increasing ____ raises the boiling point of a liquid.a. pressure c. the amount of liquidb. temperature

____ 2. The ability to produce heat or do worka. free energyb. chemical potential energyc. energy

____ 3. The Greek letter stands fora. "change in." c. "mass of."b. "heat stored in."

____ 4. How is thermal energy transferred through a metal spoon in a pot of heated soup?a. convection c. conductionb. collisional

____ 5. The quantity of energy released or absorbed as heat during a chemical reaction is called thea. entropy. c. heat of reaction.b. enthalpy.

____ 6. Based on the figure and knowing that the mantle is warmer toward the center of Earth and cooler toward the crust, what process of thermal energy transfer is contributing to the plate motion?

a. friction c. radiationb. convection

____ 7. What is the overall charge on the compound MgCl2?

a. zero c. 1+b. 1

____ 8. What type of bond is formed by a reaction between one magnesium atom and two chlorine atoms?a. ionic c. covalentb. polar covalent

____ 9. How much energy does a copper sample absorb as heat if its specific heat is 0.384 J/g·ºC, its mass is 8.00 g, and it is heated from 10.0ºC to 40.0ºC? q = m c Ta. 92.2 J c. 0.0016 J/g·ºCb. 0.0016 J

____ 10. A pot of boiling water is sitting on an electric range. Which process of thermal energy transfer occurs between the burner and the pot?a. radiation c. conductionb. convection

____ 11. Energy from the Sun travels to Earth as ____.a. combustion c. chemical energyb. radiant energy

____ 12. Based on their location on the periodic table, which of the following pairs of atoms would most likely share electrons when bonding?a. P and O c. Ca and Ib. Al and F

____ 13. A researcher finds that her data do not support her hypothesis. What conclusion can she reach?a. The hypothesis is wrong. c. The data do not support the hypothesis.b. Her observations were biased.

____ 14. Some types of weathering involve breaking up rock by agents such as roots or ice. What type of change is involved in this type of weathering?a. both a chemical change and a physical changeb. neither a chemical nor a physical changec. a physical change

____ 15. Other types of weathering involve the breaking down of rock by agents such as acids in rain, in groundwater, or released by certain plants. What type of change is involved in this type of weathering?a. a physical change

b. a chemical changec. neither a chemical nor a physical changed. both a chemical change and a physical change

____ 16. Melting, cooling, and crystallization are internal processes observed in the rock cycle. What type of change is each of these processes?a. both a chemical change and a physical changeb. a chemical changec. a physical change

____ 17. For which of the following processes are gases the least effective at thermal energy transport?a. radiation c. convectionb. conduction

____ 18. In a pot of boiling water, the water transfers energy by conduction. What other process of thermal energy transfer occurs?a. radiation c. convectionb. collisional

____ 19. Water in a swimming pool has a pH of 6.8. If the desired pH is 7.5, what should be added to the water?a. more water c. a baseb. chlorine d. an acid

____ 20. All of the following are good conductors of heat EXCEPT ____.a. air c. aluminumb. copper

____ 21. The study of heat changes from chemical reactions and phase changesa. free energyb. thermochemistryc. specific heat

____ 22. What is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ºC?a. specific heat c. heat energyb. heat capacity

____ 23. The greater the kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter,a. the lower the temperature is.b. the higher the temperature is.c. the more energy is absorbed by the sample as heat.

____ 24. A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is ____.a. condensation c. an insulatorb. a conductor

____ 25. Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of thermal pollution on the organisms living in a lake?a. Thermal pollution has no effect on the organisms involved.b. The lake will be able to support more organisms because organisms grow better in warm water.c. The water in the warmer lake will contain less dissolved oxygen, so fewer organisms that require

oxygen will be able to live there.____ 26. Which of the following factors affects the solubility of a gas in a liquid but not the solubility of a solid in a liquid?

a. Increased surface area c. Temperatureb. Pressure

____ 27. In what direction does thermal energy flow naturally?a. from cold to cold c. from warm to warm

b. from warm to cold

____ 28. What would a researcher use to show comparisons between variables?a. Graph c. Hypothesisb. Word-processing program d. Conclusion

____ 29. The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of ____.a. condensation c. vaporizationb. evaporation

____ 30. You have a piece of solid metal and you want to observe how convection occurs in it. What should you do to the metal so that you can observe convection?a. cool it down c. pound it out into a long flat shapeb. melt it and bring it to a boil

____ 31. Based on their location on the periodic table, which of the following pairs of atoms would most likely form ionic bonds?a. B and N c. P and Brb. Li and O

____ 32. The diagram shows an example of which of the following?

a. homogeneous mixture c. compoundb. element

____ 33. Which of the following is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter?a. reaction rate c. temperatureb. chemical kinetics

____ 34. Through which of the following will convection most likely occur?a. solids c. solids and liquidsb. liquids and gases

____ 35. The process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid.a. diffusionb. sublimationc. vaporization

____ 36. What units are used to measure specific heat?a. cal/g·ºC c. J/g·ºCb. J/g·K d. All of the above

____ 37. Radiant energy shines on a piece of dark blue glass. Which of the following is most likely to occur?a. All the radiant energy is transmitted through the glass.b. Some radiant energy is absorbed and some is transmitted.c. The glass transfers the radiant energy received through the glass by convection.

____ 38. A log burns in a fireplace. The large log leaves a handful of ashes. Which of the following statements best explains the difference in mass of the log and the ashes?a. The mass of the log and oxygen equals the mass of the ash and product gases.b. The difference in mass was converted to released energy.c. Mass was destroyed during the reaction.

____ 39. What unit is used to measure heat?a. joules/mole c. joulesb. degrees Celsius

____ 40. The transfer of energy that does NOT require matter is ____.a. conduction c. combustionb. radiation

____ 41. Temperature at which a liquid becomes a solda. vapor pressureb. freezing pointc. boiling point

____ 42. Which of the following is true about radiation?a. Radiation does not require matter to travel through space.b. Radiation is dependent on traveling molecules and particles.c. Radiation transfers thermal energy from a cold area to a warm area.

____ 43. The amount of energy needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid is called the heat of ____.a. condensation c. fusionb. evaporation

____ 44. A certain molecular solid dissolves readily in water. What type of substance must the solid be?a. Ionic c. Pure covalentb. Polar covalent

____ 45. In any chemical reaction, energy can be neither created nor destroyed.a. law of conservation of energyb. chemical potential energyc. law of disorder

____ 46. Based on the high percentage of hydrogen and oxygen found in the human body, what compound shown in the art makes up most of the mass of a human?a. protein c. carbon dioxideb. water

____ 47. The process by which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a solid without first becoming a liquid

a. sublimationb. depositionc. condensation

____ 48. The energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures is calleda. chemical kinetics. c. thermochemistry.b. heat.

____ 49. Energy stored in a substance because of its chemical compostitiona. chemical potential energyb. free energyc. law of disorder

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. forced air c. active solarb. passive solar

____ 50. fan moves warm air____ 51. large tank for storing water heated by the Sun and pumps to move the water____ 52. large windows on south side of building

Numeric ResponseAnswer each question with the Letter or Letters from the picture below.

53. _____ Liquid Region

54. _____ Gas Region

55. _____ Melting Curve

56. _____ Sublimation Curve

57. _____ Boiling Curve

58. _____ Normal Boiling Point

59. _____ Normal Melting Point

60. _____ Solid Region

True/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 61. Solar energy can be changed into thermal energy without any work being done.

____ 62. Conduction is the transfer of energy by the bulk movement of matter.

____ 63. Radiation is the transfer of energy in the form of particles.

____ 64. Winds are examples of convection currents.

____ 65. When vaporization occurs only at the surface of the liquid and below the boiling point it is called condensation.

____ 66. As ice melts is absorbs energy from its surroundings.