Community Archaeology Project- Cushendun March 2014Heart of the Glens Landscape Partnership Scheme, Queens Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork and the Glens of Antrim Historical Society. The project is funded by the NIEL NGO Challenge Fund, NIEA and The Heritage Lottery.

The excavation site is located in the field opposite Glenmona House, within the townland of Brablagh. Although the site now exists as a level lawn it was originally an area of sand dunes.

There have been a number of previous archaeological excavations in the area which have given evidence of human activity from prehistoric times, as early as 4700BC. Artefacts such as flint blades, charred hazelnuts and wood charcoal were uncovered. Medieval pottery was also found as some of the sites.

It is thought that archaeological finds of almost any era may be found during this excavation and sand dune excavations in other areas of Ulster have produced evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age and Medieval occupation.

Included in this pack are suggested curriculum based themes to discuss post visit as well as supporting activities and worksheets-

1. What is Archaeology? An IntroductionCurriculum areas covered-The Arts, Language and Literacy, The World Around Us-Science and Technology, The World Around Us-History, The World Around Us-Geography

2. The Dig-Examining the FindingsCurriculum areas covered- The Arts, The World Around Us-Science and Technology, The World Around Us-History, The World Around Us-Geography, Personal Development and Mutual Understanding

3. Your History-Recording and DisplayingCurriculum areas covered- The Arts, The World Around Us-Science and Technology, The World Around Us-History, The World Around Us-Geography, Personal Development and Mutual Understanding, Language and Literacy and Mathematics and Numeracy.

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1. What is Archaeology? An Introduction

The discussion points and activities below will help you and your class explore archaeology a little deeper.

Class Discussion-Introducing Archaeology

Begin by writing the word Archaeology on the board and ask your class to write down three words to explain what Archaeology means to them. Discuss the words as a class and work together to come up with a final definition.

A suggested definition could be;

Archaeology is the study of people who lived in the past, learning about how they lived by looking at the places and things they left behind.

Activity

Ask your class to imagine they are an archaeologist on the night before their first ever dig-What should they pack in their bag? Ask the class to write a diary entry on how they feel and what they hope to find.

Worksheet 1

Circle 10 things you would expect to find at an archaeological dig. Discuss the answers with the class.

Hard hat-An excavation can be a dangerous working environment, especially if there are diggers or machinery on site

Spade-An excavation involves digging trenches, usually with spades Bucket-For gathering materials or taking away debris Tape measure-The dig site will be carefully measured out, the tape measure may also be

used if foundations or other large artefacts are uncovered Toothbrush-For cleaning small artefacts Trowel-For carefully removing dirt and debris Paintbrush-For cleaning and removing dirt and debris Map-Maps of the site will help when digging and when recording any finds Pencil-for note taking! Marker Posts-to mark out the area of the excavation

Activity

Discuss as a class what an archaeologist does and why the information and artefacts they discover are important. Archaeologists find out about the past by discovering artefacts left behind by our ancestors, examining what they have found and recording the findings for the future.

With the points discussed ask the class to write a poem called ‘The Archaeologist.’

Activity

Look at an OS Map of the area, in pairs pupils should note down places of historic interest within their area. As a class discuss what these places look like, can they be compared to famous monuments such as Newgrange or Stonehenge?

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2. The Dig-Examining the findings

You and your class have visited a real life archaeological excavation and you may have seen artefacts that were discovered. It is important that any artefacts are examined to see how they have changed over time and what can be learnt from them.

The environment in which the artefact is found and the material it is made from will determine how it decomposes over time. Organic materials will break down and rot, however if it has been left in a very dry, cold or wet environment it will be well preserved.

Inorganic materials will not rot but may suffer from damage such as rusting or breaking, these give archaeologists offer archaeologists a lot of information about the past because they survive so well over time.

Activity

Use the table on page 5-cut out or rearrange on the board and ask the class to link the length of time to the item. Alternatively give each pupil an item and a length of time and get them to find their partner!

Activity

Discuss the reasons why items rot faster than others. Discuss organic materials found in a dry desert, in liquid or encased in ice. Talk about the Bog Bodies held in the National Museum of Ireland. Talk about flint from nearly 5000 years ago, helping us to understand more about how our ancestors hunted and cooked.

Worksheet 2

Examine the picture of the skeleton and the artefacts left behind, draw what this person may have looked like 4000 years ago. Suggested image Page 6.

Activity

In pairs ask the pupils to think about how this person would have lived-where did they live and what did they eat? Ask the class to report back their findings.

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3. Your History- Recording and Displaying

Recording the findings from a dig is important so that we can piece together a better understanding of the past and so that the information is available for future generations to study. Museums often are the best place to tell the story of our ancestors through the objects they left behind.

Activity

Bring in an ‘artefact,’ this could be something that’s important to you-it doesn’t necessarily have to be old. Alternatively you could ask a local museum or historical society about borrowing a loan box or an item from a handling collection. Hold the item up for the class and invite them to ask questions about it to find out as much as possible-How does it feel? Who did it belong to? Is it valuable? Where was it found? What is it made out of?

Recap on the answers and highlight question that they could have asked. This will help to highlight why artefacts are so important in understanding our past and our ancestors.

Activity and Worksheet 3

Ask pupils to bring in their own ‘artefact,’ something which is important to them. In pairs the pupils can interview each other on their items and record the findings to build up a history on the item. Ask a selection of pupils to present their findings.

Activity

Ask the class to draw/paint/use computer to create a picture of their artefact or item, placing it in its original environment. This may involve the pupils carrying out some research online or using books.

Activity

Make a Neolithic coil pot from clay. Give each pupil a ball of self-drying clay. Make a base by breaking off a piece of clay and flattening it with your palm so it is a little bigger than the size of a £2 coin. Next take a piece of clay and roll into a long sausage shape, join this onto the base and attach it around the base to make the first layer. Continue by making longer pieces of clay to build up the sides of the pot. When you have finished gently smooth the sides with your fingers and make sure the clay is joined properly and there are no gaps. Use a pencil to initial the base and use shells and twigs to create a design on the outside of the pot. They will take a few days to dry.

Activity

Make a class exhibition on the class artefacts or drawings or pots. Label the artefacts using the label on page 7. Invite other classes to see the exhibition, take photographs of it and make an online exhibition.

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Examining the findings-Rotting

Item Length it takes to rot away completely

Banana Peel 3-4 weeks

Paper Bag 1 month

Newspaper 6 weeks

Baked Bean Tin Can 50 years

Plastic Cup 50 years

Apple Core 2 months

Aluminium Fizzy Drink Can Up to 500 years

Orange Peel 6 months

Woollen Sock 1-5 years

Disposable Nappy 550 years

Cigarette Butt 10-12 years

Plastic Bag Up to 1000 years

Leather Shoe 25-40 years

Glass Bottle 1-2 million years

Plastic Bottle 450 years

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Artists Impression of Neolithic settlers

Label for artefacts

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Artefact:

Archaeologist who discovered it:

Background information:

Worksheet 1

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Which 10 objects would you find at an archaeological dig?

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Worksheet 2

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Worksheet 3

Artefact Recording SheetArchaeologists Name:

The Artefact:

A sketch of the artefact

What is the artefact made from?

What colour is the artefact?

Is the artefact in one piece?

How long is the artefact?

How wide is the artefact?

How tall is the artefact?

Describe how the artefact feels in your hands.

What do you think the artefact is/was used for?

How long do you think the artefact would survive if it was buried?

What have you found out about the artefact?

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Notes

Heart of the Glens Landscape Partnership Scheme-

Outreach and Volunteer Officer Ciara OhArtghaile 028 2075 2103 ciara@lps.ccght.org

Queens Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork www.qub.ac.uk/schools/CentreforArchaeologicalFieldworkCAF

National Museum Ireland www.museum.ie Bog Bodies in Archaeology- Kingship and Sacrifice

Glens of Antrim Historical Society www.antrimhistory.net 24 Mill St, Cushendall, Ballymena BT44 0RR, 028 2177 1180

The National Trust www.nationaltrust.org.uk Learning Officer North Coast, 028 2073 3327

Causeway Museum Service 028 7034 7234 and www.mountsandel.com for interactive material and suggested activities

Mid Antrim Museum Service-The Braid www.thebraid.com or 028 2563 5925

National Museums NI-The Ulster Museum www.nmni.com

Glens of Antrim Historical Society

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