APES EXAM 6Unit 6 – EnergyWorld Marketed Energy Use By Fuel Types

FIGURE 12-1

1. Use Figure 12-1. The chart projects the greatest rise from 2007 to 2035 in the use of __________ to provide energy worldwide.(a) liquids(b) coal(c) natural gas(d) renewables(e) nuclear power

2. Use Figure 12-1. Which of the following statements is reasonable, according to the information in the chart?(a) Nuclear power will provide more energy than renewables by 2050.(b) By 2050, fossil fuels will no longer provide the majority of the world’s energy.(c) By 2000, natural gas provided about as much energy as coal(d) Renewables will be the largest source of energy in the near future(e) The use of nuclear energy is decreasing over time.

FIGURE 12-23. Use Figure 12-2. For the majority of the history of the US, the predominant fuel source has been(a) petroleum(b) natural gas(c) coal(d) wood(e) nuclear

4. Use Figure 12-2. The use of petroleum as a fuel source rose dramatically due to all of the following except(a) its relative ease of extraction(b) the relative ease of transportation(c) its use as a transportation fuel(d) its relatively inexpensive cost(e) is abundance in the United States

5. Use Figure 12-2. The drop in the use of coal as a fuel in the 1940’s corresponds to a rise in the use of _______. (a) natural gas(b) nuclear power(c) hydroelectric power(d) wood(e) wind power

6. Use Figure 12-2. The rise of the use of coal from 1975 to 2000 can be explained by all of the following except:(a) the manufacture of coal-burning power plants(b) the high net energy of coal(c) the abundance of coal in the United States(d) the environmental standards enacted on coal burning power plants(e) the relatively inexpensive cost of coal

Figure 12-3

7. In Figure 12-3, which of the following fuel types produces the highest ratio of percent resulting CO2 emissions to percent consumption?(a) natural gas(b) non-fossil(c) coal(d) petroleum(e) the ratios are the same for all fuel types.

8. Use Figure 12-3. Using only the information in the bottommost chart, which of the following is the best argument for the development of more nuclear power plants in the U.S.?(a) There are ample supplies of uranium in the continental U.S.(b) The U.S. relies too much on foreign sources of petroleum(c) Only a small amount of uranium is needed for nuclear power production(d) Burning coal to generate electricity creates a lot of CO2 emissions, while using nuclear power creates little.(e) There has been improvement in renewable energy technologies.

9. Use Figure 12-3. Why is there a large presence of petroleum in the top chart, but only a small presence in the bottom chart?(a) In the U.S., petroleum is used mostly as a transportation fuel(b) The majority of electricity is the U.S. is produced by burning natural gas.(c) Liquid fuels are always unsuitable for electricity production.

(d) Since coal causes less pollution than petroleum, the U.S. prefers to produce electricity with coal.(e) Due to renewable energy technologies, fossil fuels are not necessary for electricity production.

10. Use Figure 12-4. The above bell-shaped curve, as orginially drawn by Shell Oil Company geophysicist, representing global oil production is known as the _______ Curve.(a) Hubbert(b) Peak Oil(c) Shell(d) Production(e) Allen

11. Use Figure 12-4. The curves show that oil production(a) will increase exponentially for the foreseeable future(b) will increase, decrease, then increase again(c) will reach a peak, then steadily decrease(d) will remain constant(e) is not affected at all by the amount of oil reserves

12. Reasons for which petroleum is the chosen fuel for transportation in the U.S. include:I. Its energy value per unit volumeII. Its ability to quickly start or stop providing energyIII. Its low amount of pollution produced per Joule

(a) I only (d) I and II only(b) II only (e) I, II, and III(c) III only

13. In the United States, which sector utilizes the most energy?(a) transportation(b) industry(c) domestic(d) exports(e) electricity generation14. The United States imports approximately what percent of its energy needs? (a) 3%(b) 10%(c) 23%(d) 30%(e) 40%

15. The energy source that can provide the greatest amount of electricity generation in the U.S. due to its abundance is (a) oil(b) coal(c) nuclear(d) hydroelectricity(e) natural gas

16. If the capacity of a power plant is 1000 MW and its capacity factor is 0.9, how much energy in MWh can the power plant produce in 1 day?(a) 27,000 MWh(b) 26,700 MWh(c) 21,600 MWh(d) 9000 MWh(e) 2160 MWh

17. All of the following are reasons why coal is so widely used around the world except

(a) resources are relatively easy to exploit(b) coal needs little refining(c) coal is easily transported(d) coal is plentiful(e) coal has a low energy density

18. Environmental costs associated with the use of coal include all of the following except (a) particulates that are released into the atmosphere when coal is burned(b) degradation to land due to mining techniques(c) the creation of highly radioactive waste(d) trace metals found in coal(e) the transportation of coal from mine to power plant

19. If an average refrigerator uses 500 watts of energy per hour on a daily basis, and your energy cost is $0.11 per kwh, approximately how much does the energy used by the refrigerator cost per month?(a) $1.30(b) $13(c) $40(d) $55(e) $132

20. An automobile that gets 40 mpg on a 200-mile trip uses what fraction of gasoline compared to an automobile that gets 20 mpg for the same trip?(a) ¼ the amount(b) ½ the amount(c) 1 ¼ the amount(d) 1 ½ the amount(e) 2 times the amount

21. Environmental costs associated with natural gas include all of the following except(a) pipelines built through environmentally sensitive areas(b) the release of methane into the atmosphere(c) trace metals released during combustion(d) groundwater contamination(e) degradation of the land due to drilling techniques

22. The conventional fossil fuel resource that the world as a whole has the largest supply of is

(a) biomass(b) natural gas(c) uranium(d) oil(e) coal

23. The disadvantages of using nuclear energy include all of the following except (a) radioactive waste disposal(b) reactor accidents(c) the possibility of using radioactive fuels in weapons(d) the amount of CO2 release by the reactors(e) the mining of uranium24. The most damaging nuclear power plant accident occurred at (a) Three Mile Island, USA(b) Chernobyl, Ukraine(c) Belleville, France(d) Lake Erie, USA(e) Bhopal, India

25. Which type of electricity generating power plant regularly releases toxic metals such as mercury and lead into the atmosphere? (a) nuclear power plant(b) coal fired power plant(c) natural gas fired power plant(d) petroleum fired power plant(e) all of the above regularly release mercury and lead into the atmosphere

26. Which of the following resources is the cleanest burning fossil fuels?(a) coal(b) natural gas(c) oil(d) uranium(e) petroleum

27. Which of the following are considered to be subsistence energy sources?

I. coalII. charcoalIII. wood(a) I only (d) II and III only(b) III only (e) I, II and III(c) I and III only

28. When supplies of a particular energy source are finite, it is known as a (a) renewable resource(b) potentially renewable resource(c) nonrenewable resource(d) nondepletable resource(e) perpetual resource

29. Use the above figure. Assuming a U.S. population of 300 million, approximately how many EJ per year are consumed in the U.S.?(a) 7 EJ (d) 107 EJ(b) 11 EJ (e) 177 EJ(c) 71 EJ

30. Use the above figure. About what percent of the total world energy consumption is the energy consumed in the U.S. every year? (a) 1.4%(b) 2.2%(c) 10%(d) 22%(e) 35%

31. Which of the following would NOT be classified as biomass?(a) straw(b) animal dung(c) charcoal(d) uranium(e) wood

32. Nondepletable energy resources include all of the following EXCEPT(a) wind(b) biomass(c) solar(d) geothermal(e) hydroelectric

33. Energy resources that can be regenerated rapidly, such as a biomass energy sources, are considered to be (a) perpetual(b) nonrenewable(c) nondepletable(d fossil fuels(e) potentially renewable34. An electric company’s tiered rate system charges customers(a) increasingly higher rates for less renewable resources(b) different rates based on the square footage of their dwelling(c) lower rates for first increments of energy and higher rates as the usage goes up(d) different rates based on high peak events(e) increasingly higher rates for renewable resources

35. If 100 W incandescent light bulb uses 360 kJ of energy per hour, and a compact fluorescent bulb uses ¼ as much, how much energy would a compact fluorescent bulb use in 30 minutes? (a) 4.5 kJ(b) 9 kJ(c) 45 kJ(d) 90 kJ(e) 900 kJ

36. An energy efficient home, in the northern hemisphere, using a passive solar energy design for heating and cooling would include all of the following EXCEPT(a) windows along the west-facing wall(b) light-colored roofing material(c) double-paned windows(d) a roof with an overhang

(e) flooring material with heat absorbing qualities

37. Use the chart above. If both the LCD televisions are on for 4 hours per day for the month of April – 30 days – how much less energy does the Energy Star television use over the course of the month?(a) 400 kWh(b) 100 kWh(c) 120 kWh(d) 12 kWh(e) 1.2 kWh

38. What is the difference in kWh between the Energy Star TV and the Plasma TV, if each TV is used 4 hours per day for a full year (365 days)?(a) 175 kWh(b) 262 kWh(c) 409 kWh(d) 584 kWh(e) 2453 kWh

39. Use the Figure above. By looking at the chart above, what percent of the US energy needs are served by nonrenewable energy sources?(a) 7%(b) 60%(c) 84%(d) 93%(e) 99%

40. Use the Figure above. More than 80% of U.S. renewable energy is provided by(a) biomass and wind energy(b) wind energy and geothermal energy(c) biomass and hydroelectric energy(d) hydroelectric energy and geothermal energy

(e) solar energy and hydroelectric energy

41. Problems associated with the use of trees for biomass areI. potential deforestationII. burning fossil carbonIII. potential soil erosion

(a) I only (d) I and III only(b) II only (e) I, II and III(c) I and II only

42. Which of the following tends to be problematic from the run-of-the-river generation stations? (a) intermittent electricity generation(b) seasonal changes in river flow(c) high environmental costs(d) silting of the reservoirs(e) high flow rates

43. The largest dam in the world, ______, can generate almost 85,000,000,000 kWh of electricity per year.(a) The U.S.’s Hoover Dam(b) China’s Three Gorges Dam(c) Brazil’s and Paraguay’s Itaipu Dam(d) England’s Cragside Dam(e) Venezuela’s Guri Dam

44. Potential drawbacks to the use of solar energy systems include the need forI. a large power gridII. a large amount of waterIII. toxic metals for production of components

(a) I only (d) I and III only(b) II only (e) I, II and III(c) III only

45. One of the biggest limitations to the wide scale use of geothermal energy is the need for(a) large amounts of water(b) a suitable site(c) an area with warm water temperatures(d) a cooling system(e) a large amount of land

46. On a worldwide basis the fastest growing renewable source for generating electricity is(a) geothermal(b) hydroelectric(c) solar(d) biomass(d) wind

47. The country that generates the most electricity from wind energy is(a) China(b) Denmark(c) The United States(d) Germany(e) Spain

48. Put the items below in correct sequence for the generation of electricity using the wind1 – generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy2 – wind turns the wind turbine blade3 – the gear box transfers mechanical energy to the generator4 – electricity is transferred to the grid

(a) 1-2-3-4(b) 2-1-3-4(c) 2-3-1-4(d) 2-4-3-1(e) 4-2-3-1

49. Which country is the world’s leading producer of hydroelectricity?(a) China(b) Brazil(c) United States(d) France(e) South Africa

50. South facing windows are an example of:(a) passive solar design(b) active solar design(c) geothermal design(d) thermal inertia(e) wind power

51. Using heat from radioactive decay deep within Earth to heat water to spin turbines is an example of (a) tidal power(b) geothermal energy(c) biomass(d) hydroelectric power(e) solar energy

52. Which country’s percentage of electricity from wind power is the highest?(a) Brazil(b) Russia(c) United States(d) Denmark(e) India

53. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of wind power?(a) Wind turbines can kill birds and bats(b) Many turbines rely on batteries, which are expensive to produce and difficult to dispose of.(c) Some people are disturbed by the noise of the turbines(d) Land used for wind power cannot be used for any other purpose(e) Some people find the turbines aesthetically displeasing

54. After wind turbines are installed, what is the only fossil fuel input required for them to generate electricity?(a) natural gas to keep the blades from freezing(b) fuel to travel to the turbine to maintain the equipment(c) coal to star the turbine spinning(d) oil to turn the turbine when there is little wind(e) no fossil fuel input is ever required after a turbine is installed

55. Which of the following is carbon-based AND a renewable energy resource?I. coalII. charcoalIII. solar

(a) I only (d) II and III(b) II only (e) I, II and III(c) III only