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AP United States History Periods One & Two combined Exam study guide

What happened to the natives in the above picture and how is it an example of the Columbian Exchange?

How did the people in this tribe live day to day? What can we infer about these people and their positive and negative impacts from the Columbian exchange?


What primarily dictates how the people in these areas live? What patterns on the map about native lives can you identify?


What is this a map of? Trade in this area was most directly contributed to what? What British laws were drafted from this time to control the trade? How did those laws affect the colonists?

Describe daily life of women in the colonies vs. women in Great Britain. What were the expectations of women in the colonies from region to region?


Bacon’s Rebellion: The Declaration (1676) Nathaniel Bacon

For having, upon specious pretenses of public works, raised unjust taxes upon the commonalty for the advancement of private favourites and other sinister ends, but no visible effects in any measure adequate.

For not having during the long time of his government in any measure advanced this hopeful colony, either by fortification, towns or trade.

For having abused and rendered contemptible the majesty of justice, of advancing to places of judicature scandalous and ignorant favourites.

For having wronged his Majesty’s prerogative and interest by assuming the monopoly of the beaver trade.

By having in that unjust gain bartered and sold his Majesty’s country and the lives of his loyal subjects to the barbarousheathen.

For having protected, favoured and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty’s most loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, murders, and robberies committed upon us.

Of these, the aforesaid articles, we accuse Sir William Berkeley, as guilty of each and every one of the same, and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated and injured his Majesty’s interest here, by the loss of a great part of his colony, and many of his faithful and loyal subjects by him betrayed, and in a barbarous and shameful manner exposed to the incursions and murders of the heathen.

And we do further demand, that the said Sir William Berkeley . . . be forthwith delivered up . . . within four days after the notice hereof, or otherwise we declare as followeth: that in whatsoever house, place, or ship [he] shall reside, be hid, or protected, we do declare that the owners, masters, or inhabitants of the said places, to be confederates and traitors to the people, and the estates of them, as also of all the aforesaid persons, to be confiscated. This we, the commons of Virginia, do declare desiring a prime union amongst ourselves, that we may jointly, and with one accord defend ourselves against the common enemy.

What is the historical context for Bacon’s rebellion? What were Bacon’s primary concerns? How were they similar to what the Natives wanted? What was the colonial government reaction to Bacon’s rebellion?

Memorial against Non-English Immigration (1727)


They retire commonly back into the woods amongst or behind the remoter Inhabitants, sometimes purchase land, but often sit down on any piece they find vacant that they Judge convenient for them without asking questions, menacing those afterwards who offer to disturb them in their possessions.

Few of them apply now to be naturalized, nor do those who have been longer in the place commonly prove the wills of their deceased in the public offices, but as they appear to affect neither the English nor their laws or rules, they generally even in these points adhere to their own customs. The part of the country they principally settle in is that towards the French of Canada, whose interest, it may be apprehended, divers of the late comers (since several of them speak their language) would as willingly favour as the English, and it is not doubted, but at this time there are as many of these people in Pennsylvania, as on any quarrel with his Majesties natural subjects, could on a sudden rising with the arms they now have subdue that whole Province. It is hoped therefore that nothing need be added to shew the present necessity ofputting a stop to that augmentation of their strength which if not prevented, may even in one year more be depended upon.

Why does the author believe that non-English immigration should be stopped? Based on the document, what are the British attitudes towards race and ethnicity?


Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges and Liberties (1701)

William Penn

KNOW YE . . . That for the further Well-being and good Government of the said Province, and Territories; . . . I the said William Penn do declare, grant and confirm, unto all the Freemen, Planters and Adventurers, and other Inhabitants of this Province and Territories, these following Liberties, Franchises and Privileges. . . .

Because no People can be truly happy, though under the greatest enjoyment of civil liberties, if abridged of the freedom of their consciences, as to their religious profession and worship: And Almighty God being the only Lord of Conscience, Father of Lights and Spirits; and the Author as well as object of all divine knowledge, faith and worship, who only doth enlighten the Minds, and persuade and convince the understandings of people, I do hereby grant and declare, that no person or persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories, who shall confess and acknowledge One almighty God, the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World; and profess him or themselves obliged to live quietly under the Civil Government, shall be in any case molested or prejudiced, in his or their person or estate, because of his or their conscientious persuasion or practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry, contrary to his or their mind, o r to do or suffer any other act or thing, contrary to their religious persuasion.

And that all persons who also profess to believe in Jesus Christ, the Savior of the World, shall be capable (notwithstanding their other persuasions and practices in point of conscience and religion) to serve this Government in any capacity, both legislatively and executively.

What type of religious freedom is William Penn referring to in this document? Why did Penn want religious freedom in Pennsylvania? How did the Middle Colonies differ from the other regions?


The Pueblo Revolt (1681)Pedro Naranjo

Asked for what reason they so blindly burned the images, temples, crosses, and other things of divine worship, he stated that the said Indian, Popé, came down in person, and with him El Saca and El Chato from the pueblo of Los Taos, and other captains and leaders and many people who were in his train, and he ordered in all the pueblos through which he passed that they instantly break up and burn the images of the holy Christ, the Virgin Mary and the other saints, the crosses, and everything pertaining to Christianity, and that they burn the temples, break up the bells, and separate from the wiveswhom God had given them in marriage and take those whom they desired. In order to take away their baptismal names, the water, and the holy oils, they were to plunge into the rivers and wash themselves with amole, which is a root native to the country, washing even their clothing, with the understanding that there would thus be taken from them the character of the holy sacraments. They did this, and also many other things which he does not recall, given to understand that this mandate had come from the Caydi and the other two who emitted fire from their extremities in the said estufa of Taos,and that they thereby returned to the state of their antiquity, as when they came from the lake of Copala; that this was the better life and the one they desired, because the God of the Spaniards was worth nothing and theirs was very strong, the Spaniards’s God being rotten wood. These things were observed and obeyed by all except some who, moved by the zeal of Christians, opposed it, and such persons the said Popé caused to be killed immediately. He saw to it that they at once erected and rebuilt their houses of idolatry which they call estufas, and made very ugly masks in imitation of the devil in order to dance the dance of the cacina; and he said likewise that the devil had given them to understand that living thus in accordance with the law of their ancestors, they would harvest a great deal of maize, many beans, a great abundance of cotton, calabashes, and very large watermelons and cantaloupes; and that they could erect their houses and enjoy abundant health and leisure.

What is the historical context of the Pueblo revolt and what were the results? Who is Pope and what order is he giving in this document? In general how did the Spanish interact with the Natives?


The Great Awakening Comes to Connecticut (1740) Nathaniel ColeNow it pleased God to send Mr. Whitefield into this land; . . . And I soon heard he was come to New York and the Jerseys and great multitudes flocking after him under great concern for their Souls and many converted which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . .

We went down in the stream; I heard no man speak a word all the way three miles but every one pressing forward in great haste and when we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4000 of people assembled together. . . .

And my hearing him preach gave me a heart wound; by God’s blessing my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me; then I was convinced of the doctrine of Election and went right to quarreling with God about it, because all that I could do would not save me; and he had decreed from Eternity who should be saved and who not.

How did people respond when men like George Whitfield and Jonathan Edwards spoke?


What is the historical context behind this image? What portion of the colonies is being portrayed in the image?

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