webcast seminar - classe · e+e- factory overview 11/21/03 d. rice 1 webcast seminar: ªthe seminar...

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 1 Webcast Seminar: The seminar to follow will be webcast as part of the Accessible Webcast Seminar (AWSem) program initiated at LEPP, Cornell. The seminar will run from approximately 1:15 PM to 2:30 PM EST Friday, 21 November, 2003. Please check www.lns.cornell.edu/public/COMP/AWSem/index.html for instructions to access the seminar and related links. If you are connected to participate in the seminar please either sign into the REAP chat room on the LBNL Secure Messaging server, or send email to [email protected] Note that there is a ~20 second delay in broadcasting the seminar, so be prepared to refer back to a previous slide with your questions. If all else fails there is a speaker phone in the conference room at 607 255-3850 for brief comments or help only.

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Page 1: Webcast Seminar - CLASSE · e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 1 Webcast Seminar: ªThe seminar to follow will be webcast as part of the Accessible Webcast Seminar (AWSem) program

e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 1

Webcast Seminar:The seminar to follow will be webcast as part of the Accessible Webcast Seminar (AWSem) program initiated at LEPP, Cornell.The seminar will run from approximately 1:15 PM to 2:30 PM EST Friday, 21 November, 2003.Please check www.lns.cornell.edu/public/COMP/AWSem/index.htmlfor instructions to access the seminar and related links.If you are connected to participate in the seminar please either sign into the REAP chat room on the LBNL Secure Messaging server, or send email to [email protected] that there is a ~20 second delay in broadcasting the seminar, so be prepared to refer back to a previous slide with your questions.If all else fails there is a speaker phone in the conference room at 607 255-3850 for brief comments or help only.

Page 2: Webcast Seminar - CLASSE · e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 1 Webcast Seminar: ªThe seminar to follow will be webcast as part of the Accessible Webcast Seminar (AWSem) program

Overview of E+E- …or

Highlights of the Workshop on E+E- Factories (SLAC Oct. 13-16, 2003)

D. Rice11/21/2003

www-conf.slac.stanford.edu/icfa03/

Page 3: Webcast Seminar - CLASSE · e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 1 Webcast Seminar: ªThe seminar to follow will be webcast as part of the Accessible Webcast Seminar (AWSem) program

e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 3

I. Facilities II. AP&Tech Issues

SC coil winding at BNLEC effectsFeedback systemsIR designBBI & ECICompensation of PC’s

Neg αP opticsStrong longitudinal focusingReliabilityInjection (trickle charging)

• PEP-II, KEKB• CESR-c• BEPC-II• DAΦNE• VEPP-2000• eRHIC

Page 4: Webcast Seminar - CLASSE · e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 1 Webcast Seminar: ªThe seminar to follow will be webcast as part of the Accessible Webcast Seminar (AWSem) program

e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 4

B Factory Status – PEP-II (M. Sullivan)

Figure from J. Seeman

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 5

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 6

PEP-II records at the end of run 3 (June 2003)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 7

J. Seeman, Jun 03

PEP-II Collision Parameters

IP Parameter Design Peak performance (Jun 03)

C-M energy (GeV) (e+: 3.1 ; e-: 9.0) 10.58 10.58Crossing angle (mrad) 0.0 < 1.0Luminosity (x 1033/cm2/s) 3.00 6.57

Number of bunches 1658 1034LER current (mA, e+) 2146 1550HER current (mA, e-) 750 1175LER/HER current ratio 2.9/1 1.3/1

βy*/βx* (cm/cm) 1.5 / 50 1.2 / 40+, 1.2 / 28-Emittance (nm-rad) (y/x) 1.5 / 49 1.8 / 30+, 1.8 / 49-IP rms beam size σy/σx (µm) 4.7 / 157 4.6 / 113

LER tunes (x/y) 38.64 / 36.57 38.52 / 36.57HER tunes (x/y) 24.62 / 23.64 24.52 / 23.62Beam-beam parameter (vertical +/-) 0.03 0.082 / 0.040Beam-beam parameter (horizontal +/-) 0.03 0.109 / 0.040

Page 8: Webcast Seminar - CLASSE · e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 1 Webcast Seminar: ªThe seminar to follow will be webcast as part of the Accessible Webcast Seminar (AWSem) program

e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 8

Forward Vertex Bellows – Before Cooling

T_VTX2 Thermocouple( dT = 105 F = 58 C)

Beryllium Vertex Chamber B1 Chamber

Hottest Point according to model (300 C)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 9

VTX Bellows Cooling Installation

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 10

Elliptical Vacuum Valve Failure- Beam Time Lost 26.00 hours

LER Frangible Link - Beam Time Lost 47.50 hours

Mystery Pressure Bump Near IP - Beam Time Lost 15.50 hours

LER Arc 1 Pumping Chamber - Beam Time Lost 48.50 hours

Q2 Chamber - Beam Time Lost 50.1 hours

These five incidents contributed 187.6 of the 188.9 hours of downtime attributed to vacuum failures during the 2002-2003 PEP-II run

Vacuum Failures CausingMachine Downtime

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 11

Summer 2003 Hardware Upgrades

♦Fixed the vacuum leak in IR2 septum chamber

♦Fix vacuum problem in LER arc 1

♦New RF station for HER in region 4 (4-1)

♦Modified all bpms in region 2 to be both x and y

♦Many improvements to RF systems in both rings

♦Added cooling to all LER bellows

♦Added more solenoid windings for LER

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 12

PEP-II Goal for Jul 2004

June 03 Jul 2004LER energy 3.1 3.1 GeVHER energy 9.0 9.0 GeVLER current 1.45 2.7 AHER current 1.15 1.6 Aβy

* 12.0 9.0 mmβx

* 28 28 cmX emittance 50 40 nm-radEstimated σy

* 4.5 3.4 µmBunch spacing 1.89 1.26 mNumber of bunches 1034 1450Collision angle head-on head-on mradsBeam pipe radius 2.5 2.5 cmLuminosity 6.5×1033 1.2×1034 cm−2 sec−1

Director’s challenge to deliver another 100 fb-1 by Jul 2004

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 13

♦ We need to further improve the HER and LER beta beats and move closer to the ½ integer in x.

♦ Increase the beam currents and the number of colliding bunches. This means going to a by2 colliding bunch pattern and learning to work with the tune shifts induced by the parasitic crossings.

♦ Understand and control the coupling in the IR

♦ Trickle injection for the LER

♦ Lower the βy* in both rings. We were somewhat successful with this in the HER but the bunch length of the HER is so long that we did not see much (if any) improvement in luminosity. This also means the bunch length will have to be smaller.

♦ Improve injection – better efficiency, less detector background, faster turnaround after a beam abort. If we can get the HER injection backgrounds low enough we will be able to try HER trickle injection.

♦ Minimize the number of beam aborts. Biggest effort is in the RF system. We want to reduce the number of beam aborts to less than one a day.

How do we achieve this?

This is probably overall the hardest

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 14

Advanced B Factory with 952 MHz RF Frequency

• E+ = 8 GeV• E- = 3.5 GeV

βy* = 1.5 mm

βx* = 15 cm• Bunch length = 1.8 mm• Crossing angle = ~15. mrad• Beam-beam parameters = 0.15• N = 6900 bunches• L = 1.0 x 1036 cm-2s-1

• Site power with linac and campus = ~120 MW.

• I+ = 6.8 A• I- = 15.5 A

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 15

B Factories – KEKB (Y. Funakoshi)

• Beam energy– 8GeV (electron)– 3.5GeV (positron)– Operated on Υ(4s)

• Circumference– ~3018m– Use TRISTAN tunnel

• RF system– fRF ~ 509MHz– ARES (LER)– ARES+SCC (HER)

• Injector Linac– Upgraded 2.5GeV -> 8GeV– No Damping rings– 2 bunch injection (e+)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 16

KEKB IR Design• Features

– Superconducting Quadrupole magnets– Compensation solenoid– Horizontal crossing angle

• Total crossing angle = 22mrad– Low-β

βx/βy = 33cm/1cm

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 17

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 18

KEKB Luminosity Records

206.3/pb/shift

579/pb/day

12.76/fb/month

158.7/fbTotal

1.05671034/cm2/secLpeak

Record valueunit

Ldt∫Ldt∫Ldt∫

Ldt∫

: integrated luminosity recorded by Belle Detector Ldt∫

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 19

KEKB at 1034

1.057x1034 (1x1034)/cm2/secPeak luminosity

0.065/0.052(0.039/0.052)

0.096/0.069(0.039/0.052)

Beam-beam parameters ξx/ξy

58/0.7 (33/1)59/0.58 (33/1)cmBeta’s at IP βx/βy

44.512/41.580(47.52/43.08)

45.507/43.546(45.52/45.08)

Betatron tunes νx/νy

-0.0207-0.0249Synchrotron tune7.54 (2)nsecAveraged bunch spacing

0.818 (0.22)1.07 (0.52)mABunch current1284 (~5000)Number of bunches

1050 (1100)1377 (2600)mATotal beam current24 (18)18 (18)nmHorizontal emittanceHERLER

( ): design values

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 20

KEKB Luminosity History

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 21

Key Issues for KEKB

• The history of the KEKB commissioning has been tough fights against three major difficulties.– Fight against the high beam currents

• Troubles with hardware components• Instability

– Fight against the single beam blowup due to the electron cloud instability• Solenoid winding

– Fight against the beam-beam blowup• Tune survey• Optics corrections• Other tuning knobs (X-Y coupling at IP etc.)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 22

Examples of high current problems

Damaged RF-shield fingers in bellows due to HOM

Cu

Beam

10 mm

Direct damage by beam hit (Movable Mask)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 23

High beam currents - Instabilities• Instability

– Sources• Fast ion

– Serious with bad vacuum pressure– Can be suppress by bunch-by-bunch FB

• Electron cloud– Can be suppress by bunch-by-bunch FB

• RF cavity– Almost no instability due to RF cavities has given beam

current limitations.– We need -1 mode damper (with comb-filter) to suppress the

instability from the fundamental mode.– We do not need the longitudinal bunch-by-bunch FB.

• Others– Sometimes broken bellows etc. bring a serious transverse

instability.– Some unknown source of impedance brings a strong

horizontal instability in HER.

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 24

Solenoid installation (anti-ECI)

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

3200

Total length of solenoidT

otal

leng

th(m

)

Date

Sep. 00 Jan. 01 Apr. 01 Sep. 01 Jan. 02

Bz > 20 G

preliminary (very rough estimation)

total drift length

circumference

1st

2nd 3rd

4th 5th

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 25

Effect of solenoids on vert. beam size

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Ver

tical

bea

m si

ze@

IP (m

icro

n)

LER beam current (mA)

1 train, 1153 bunches, 4 rf bucket spacing

2001 July : on

2001 Dec. : on

2002 Feb. : on

2001 July : off

After last installation of solenoid, blowup was disappearedup to 1300mA.

Effect of solenoid in a physics fill pattern (4 rf buckets spacing)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 26

Suppression of B-B blowup

• Tune survey• Both Simulations and Surveys in real machine• Horizontal tunes very close to the half-integer• Need very fine control of tunes

• Optics correction (global correction)β functionsDispersionX-Y coupling

• Collision tuning knobs• Waist points• X-Y coupling at IP• Dispersions at IP• Orbit Feedback around IP

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 27

Optics modeling & correction with SAD –Example – coupling & dispersion at IP

• X-Y coupling and dispersion at IP are adjusted by using a tuning knob.

• We do not use skew-quads for this purpose.

• Vertical bumps at 16 sextuples are used.

• Shift persons & operators frequently scan X-Y coupling parameters (R1,R2,R3,R4) and η and η’ @IP.

Find of an optimum value for R4 was one of the key points of recent progress in the KEKB luminosity.

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 28

KEKB Upgrade

331010βy*[mm]

0.1~0.260.1~0.260.050.05ξy

3355σl [mm]

2~6 x 10351 x 1034L[/cm2/sec]

4.19.41.12.6I [A]HERLERHERLER

SuperKEKBKEKB (design)

~$30M+ /year 2004-2013

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 29

Path to SuperKEKB

• High beam currents– Vacuum system– RF system

• Low β– IR design– Short bunch length

• High beam-beam parameters– Crab cavity

• Linac upgrade– C-band RF system

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 30

Vacuum R&D• Ante-Chamber

– Without photon stops– Test model will be installed in

the next shutdown.

• “Finger-less” bellows chamber

A test model was installed in LER.Beam test will be done in the next run.

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 31

Crab cavity developmentCrab crossing (+ horizontal tune close to the half-integer) may boost the

beam-beam parameter up to 0.2.

crossing angle 22 mrad

Head-on(crab)

◊ ◊ ◊◊

ξy(Strong-weak simulation)

(Strong-strong simulation)

I.R. 20

I.R. 90

I.D. 188

I.D. 120

I.D. 30

I.D. 240

Input Coupler

Monitor Port

I.R.241.5

483

866Coaxial Coupler

scale (cm)

0 50 100 150

-> K. Ohmi

K. Hosoyama, et al

Superconducting crab cavities are under development, will be installed in KEKB in 2005.

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 32

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 33

Charm Factories - BEPC

III

III IV

e-

RFRF SR

e+

IP

North

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 34

BEPC-II main parameters

Beam energy range 1–2.1 GeV

Optimized beam energy region 1.89GeV

Luminosity @ 1.89 GeV 1×10 33 cm-2s-1

Injection from linac Full energy injection: Einj=1.55−1.89GeV

Dedicated SR operation 250 mA @ 2.5 GeV

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 35

BEPC-II IR layout – HEP mode

IR lattice consists of SCQ(RED), anti-solenoids(BLUE), ISPB, Q1a, Q1b. It has a doublet construction, the separated Q1a and Q1b function a focusing quadrupole. ISPB make the beams separate further. Anti-solenoids decouple the detector solenoid effects.

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 36

BEPC-II IR layout- SR mode

For SR mode SCB(GREEN) will switch on, the beam will circulate in the outer ring.

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 37

Computer modeling of BBI (Hirata w-s 6D)

Luminosity survey with a crossing angle of φc=11mrad 2

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Coupled bunch instabilities

12.8Long. (ms)

0.534.326.6Tran. (ms)

ECIFBIIResistiveHOM

Transverse instability much faster than SR Damping:feedback system required

Longitudinal instability same level as SR Damping:feedback system as a backup

For SR mode, bunch current and total beam current lower, instabilities weaker than colliding mode.

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Simulations of ECI growth time

0.00581.4001.2×10111.0660.001Ante+TiN+Clear.

0.0150.5303.5×10111.0660.001ante+TiN

0.810.0201.7×10131.0660.1TiN only

0.170.0403.1×10121.80.001With ante.

2.890.0036.2×10131.80.1No ante.

ϒτ (ms)EC ρ (m-3)SEYPEYmethod

With antechamber+TiN: Coupled bunch inst. damped by feedback,no TMCI instability occurs

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 40

BEPC-II time line

• Linac upgrade May-Dec 2004• Long shutdown April 2005 – January 2006• Machine commissioning Feb.-Sept. 2006• Machine-detector tuning Nov. 2006-Feb. 2007• Physics starts March 2007

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 41

M.E. Biagini, LNF-INFNon behalf of the DAΦNE Team

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 42

DAΦNE Rings

KLOE

DEAR

e+

e-

FINUDA

C = 97 mE = 0.51 GeV (Φ)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 43

DAFNE Luminosity

2002DEAR & KLOE LUMINOSITY

Peak

Daily Integrated

Total Integrated

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KLOE Runs - 2002• Background and Lifetime Optimization- Lowered βx* (5.6m 2.7m)- Orbit Optimization - Old and New Scrapers Optimization - Sextupoles and Octupoles Optimization - Improved linear and non-linear knowledge of the machine - Increased Dynamic aperture (better βs on Sexts and Wigglers)

• Luminosity Optimization- New Working Point for e- : 0.11/0.15 (Qx/Qy)- Lowered βy* (3.0cm 2.6cm)- Lowered βx

* (5.6m 2.7m)- Decreased horizontal emittance (0.96mm 0.76mm)- Adiabatic Tuning

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DAΦNE Accel. Physics-LONGITUDINAL QUADRUPOLE INSTABILITYLONGITUDINAL QUADRUPOLE INSTABILITY

• It appears in both rings, at high currents but with different single bunch thresholds:~20% higher for e+

• e+ beam power spectrum with 100 bunches, 900mA, during collision

• Longitudinal feedback is able to control the instability

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DAΦNE Hardware activities - 2003

• FINUDA detector & IR Installation

• KLOE new IR installation

• Straight long sections and kickers modifications

• Scrapers modifications

• Bellows modifications

• Ion clearing electrodes modifications

• Wigglers modifications

• Pipe modifications for 3rd RF harmonic cavity

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New Interaction Regions

• New IRs for KLOE and FINUDA have modified optics (doublet configuration) in order to decrease the IP βfunctions and lattice chromaticity, optimize background rejection and new supports to provide variable quadrupole rotations, to operate at different detector magnetic fields (from 0 to maximum)

100 bunches operation should be possible in both IRs now

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Bellows Modifications

As found

After insertions of pins to straighten the copper bellows

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Wiggler Field ModificationsSextupole component

Old wiggler: reduction of the dynamic aperture due to:- Strong sextupole components (~x2 like)- Field roll off at large offsets (~x6 like)

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Wiggler mods & Dynamic Aperture

Off energy DA before Off energy DA after

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Optics Modifications• FINUDA & KLOE IR optics are now very similar:

- Lower horizontal emittance: 0.42 µm (0.77)- Lower β in the wigglers to minimize non linearities- βx*= 1.7 m (or less if necessary) to allow 100bunches operation

- βy*= 27 mm, just about equal to the bunch length- Additional sextupoles in wigglers and at septum- Phase advance between the sextupoles optimized- Low beam invariants (H) to minimize background- Straight sections optimized for injection efficiencyand DA

- Predicted lifetime >3hrs at 2x1030 s.b. luminosity(with 20mA)

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Performance Goals for KLOE & FINUDA

• 100-110 bunches collisions operation

• 2 A/beam (asymptotically in 2 year)

• 2x1030 single bunch luminosity (at 20 mA, with present WP, linear extrapolation of obtained results)

• >1h lifetimes (at 2 Amps and 2x1032) (MAD predicts >3h)

• 10pb-1/day, 200pb-1/month, 1.0fb-1/0.5years delivered

• Goals based on extrapolations of 2002 results and the new low-β IRs. All other upgrades are meant just as safety margins

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DAΦNE beyond 2006

Currently under studies are two options for the future of DAΦNE, with major modifications needed:

1) Increase maximum Ecm from 1.4 GeV to >2.2GeV

2) Increase luminosity by >100 w.r.t. 2002-2005best performances, possibly in the 1034-1035 range

A joint Physics & Accelerator Workshop was held in Alghero last September to study the feasibility and

the physics case (C.Biscari’s & A. Gallo’s talks)

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Φ Factory – VEPP-2000

ILU3 MeVLinac

B-3M200 MeVsynchro-betatron

BEPe,e

booster–+

900 MeVSND

CMD-2

ee– +→convertor

2 m2 m

♦ E ≈ 1 GeV (per beam)♦ L ≈ 1×1032 cm-2 sec-1 (1×1 bunch)

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Realization of Round Beams

(A.Burov, S.Nagaitsev, Ya.Derbenev, FERMILAB-Pub-01/060-T)

Touschek problem for low energy:worse life time!

Conversion of conventional machine using beam adapters

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 56

View of Collider

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 57

VEPP-2000 Lattice

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Weak-Strong BB Simulation

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Em

ittan

ce (

10-7

m r

ad)

ξ

12

strong-strong0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Em

ittan

ce (

10-7

m r

ad)

ξ

12

Emittance of the weak beam vs. the beam-beam parameter. Sextupoles off.

Emittance of the weak beam vs. the beam-beam para-

meter. Sextupoles on.

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 59

Strong-Strong BB Simulation

Macroparticles/bunch Np = 50000, transverse

mesh 128x128;Field calculated via

FFT(K.Ohmi, Phys. Rev. E

59, 7287 (2000))Comparison of the sextupoles on

and off options.

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Main Parameters of VEPP-2000

Parameter Value Circumference 24.38 mRF frequency 172 MHzRF voltage 100 kVRF harmonic 14Momentum compaction 0.036Synchrotron tune 0.0035Energy spread 4104.6 −×Beam emittances (x,y) 71029.1 −× m radDimensionless damping decrements (x,y,z) 51019.2 −× , 51019.2 −× , 51083.4 −×Betatron tunes 4.05, 2.05Betatron functions @ IP 10 cmParticles per bunch 11101×Beam-beam parameter (x,y) 0.075, 0.075Luminosity per IP (at 1GeV) 1232101 −−× scm

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 61

2.4 T Dipole Magnet

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 62

Single Mode RF Cavity (172 MHz)

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 63

13.0 T Solenoid

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 64

Linac and Positron Source

debuncher

Damping ring

To VEPP-2000

electron gun

subharmonic target

linac

to VEPP-4

300 MeV linac

photo-gun

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e+e- Factory Overview 11/21/03 D. Rice 65

Magnet Installation - VEPP-2000

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VEPP-2000 Summary

♠ Start of VEPP-2000 construction – January 2000

♠ Dipole, quads, sextupoles, skew-quads, steering coils, 6 from 8 vacuum chamber are ready, tested and installed

♠ 13 T field is achieved in solenoid prototype

♠ Weak-strong and strong-strong simulation show high ξ for the round beams

♠ Construction of transfer line from e+ source is going on

♠ Beam → at the end of 2004

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eRIHC (D. Wang)

• New kinematic region

• Ee = 5-10 GeV• Ep = 30 – 250 GeV• Sqrt(s) = 20 – 100 GeV

• Kinematic reach of eRHICx = 10-4 0.6Q2 = 0 104 GeV

• High LuminosityL ~1033 cm-2 sec-1

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eRHIC Design Goals

• Particle specieslepton: e- and e+hadron: proton, gold ion Au(A=197, Z=79)

• Beam energylepton: 5~10 GeVhadron: 25(?)~250 GeV for proton, 100 GeV/n for Au

• Luminositye-p collision: 1E32~1E33 cm-2s-1

e-Au collision: 1E30~1E31 cm-2s-1

• Longitudinal Polarizationlepton: e-, 5~10 GeV, e+, 10 GeV,proton: up to 250 GeV

• Particle specieslepton: e- and e+hadron: proton, gold ion Au(A=197, Z=79)

• Beam energylepton: 5~10 GeVhadron: 25(?)~250 GeV for proton, 100 GeV/n for Au

• Luminositye-p collision: 1E32~1E33 cm-2s-1

e-Au collision: 1E30~1E31 cm-2s-1

• Longitudinal Polarizationlepton: e-, 5~10 GeV, e+, 10 GeV,proton: up to 250 GeV

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Beam-beam Parameters

Beam-beam parameter assumption in ZDR stage of eRHIC design:0.005 for hadron beams 0.05 for lepton beamsin both planes, for both round and flat beams

In leptonIn lepton--hadronhadron collidercollider,,non-round beam will causeasymmetric horizontal/vertical beambeam parameters.

For For hadronhadron beam:beam:if beam is made hori. flathorizontal tune-shift is larger

For lapton beam: if it is hori. flat (e_x>>e_y), vertical tune-shift is larger

e.g., HERA

Beam sizes are matched

)(2

)(2

,

,,

,

,,

ey

ex

eyx

iyx

i

eiiyx

iy

ix

iyx

eyx

e

ieeyx

ZNr

ZNr

σσσβ

πγξ

σσσβ

πγξ

+=

+=

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Main parameters of 10 GeV ring

MW3.865.13Total radiation power27.18/21.2129.13/22.16Tunes

-47/-41-57/-50Natural chromaticities

cm-2 s-12.7E321E33Luminosity 0.025/0.050.05/0.05Beam-beam parameters

m10.6510.65Bunch spacing2.0E-31.8E-3Momentum compaction

ms7.47.4Damping time (long.)

kW/m6.49.6Synchrotron radiation density

MeV11.411.4Energy lossnm.rad50/1223/23Emittance

m0.19/0.190.1/0.1Beta at IPmA340450Total current

6.7E101E11N of particles per bunchGeV1010Beam energy m1277.91277.9Circumference

Flat beamRound beam

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Dynamic ApertureVery preliminary, trying to get benchmarked with LEGO and SADRound beam: not shown here as IR is not fully realistic yet. About ring

optics, DA not too bad as thought, even with 400m beta at IR. SAD(A. Obetov) seems to give better results than MAD.

Flat beam: just start, bare lattice, 3(v) and 2(h) sextupole families little tune scan, no local correction, etc.on-momentum, seems fineoff-momentum, far from optimization, chromatic effects, etc.

F. Wang

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eRHIC Summary• Lattice design of e-ring for eRHIC is making significant

progress recently. ZDR is going to be done soon.• A lot of interesting topics in this high luminosity,

polarized and multi-mode lepton ring design.• A workable solution with flat beam is found to meet the

basic requirement in IR geometry and SR issue. Likely we can push it further by learning from other factories.

• Spin rotators are embedded in lattice. Polarization looks promising so far.

• Arc lattice is flexible, DA is yet to be studied in detail.• For round beam scheme, still long way to go.

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Accelerator Physics & Technology

• Many good talks and discussion on current AP & tech issues as well as new ideas for future factories.

• Plenary talks:– B. Parker – BNL direct wind SC IR magnets– G. Stupakov – CSR effects in e+e- storage rings– K. Ohmi –Summary of beam-beam effects– K. Harkay – Observations of ECI– J. Fox – Bunch-by-bunch feedback systems

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AP & Technology (a later talk?)

• Working group topics– Optics analysis– IR design– BBI simulation– Combined BB & EC effects– Longitudinal instabilities associated with EC– Compensating PC’s with e-m lenses– RF upgrades – SC cavities, harmonic cavities– Collective effects– Operational reliability– Trickle injection in PEP-II– Strong RF focussing– Negative momentum compaction optics

www-conf.slac.stanford.edu/icfa03/

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BBI & EC (F. Zimmermann)

SummaryBeam-beam interaction introduces Gaussian variation of betatron tune along the bunch. Simulations show that thisaddt’l tune variation enhances e-cloud instability.

We developed an analytical model, where a bunch consists of 3 or 4 particles, electron cloud is represented by constantwake and by linear tune shift along the bunch, andbeam-beam by parabolic tune shift.

Model shows that beam-beam tune shift acts destabilizing

Agreement between model and simulation seems to improvewith increasing number of particles.

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Trickle Charging PEP-II (U. Wienands)

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The one-turn transfer matrix can be put in canonical form:

( )

−−

⋅+

⋅=⋅+⋅=+

ll

llJILssMαγβα

µµµµ sin1001

cosˆsinˆcos, with:

( )

Ls

LsR

LsRLs

LsRs

cl

cc

cl

cl

αµµγ

ααµ

µαβ

αµµα

2sin

cos1)(

)(1)(2cos11sin

)(

)(21sin

cos1)(

5656

56

−=

−−−=

−=

Since γl does not depend upon s, the vertical size of the ellipse (i.e. the normalized energy spread σE/E of the equilibrium distribution) does not vary along the ring. The longitudinal emittance εl is related to σE/E according to:

( )( )

cos12sin/ 2 LE

E cElllE α

µµσεγεσ

−==>=

Strong RF FocussingA. GalloA. Gallo,, The Strong RF Focusing: a possible approach to get short buncheThe Strong RF Focusing: a possible approach to get short bunches at the IPs at the IP

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Database of e+e- collider parameters (M. Biagini) is available on the High Luminosity e+e- Collider working group’s web page:

http://www.lnf.infn.it/icfa/

End