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STARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHYSTARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHYWEEK 4-1

Of the Beginning of Political Societies

95. MEN being … by nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can be put out of this estate and subjected to the political power of another without his own consent, which is done by agreeing with other men, to join and unite into a community for their comfortable, safe, and peaceable living, one amongst another, in a secure enjoyment of their properties, and a greater security against any that are not of it. … When any number of men have so consented to make one community or government, they are thereby presently incorporated, and make one body politic, wherein the majority have a right to act and conclude the rest.

96. [W]hen any number of men have, by the consent of every individual, made a community, they have thereby made that community one body, with a power to act as one body, which is only by the will and determination of the majority. … [S]o every one is bound by that consent to be concluded by the majority. And therefore we see that in assemblies empowered to act by positive laws where no number is set by that positive law which empowers them, the act of the majority passes for the act of the whole, and of course determines as having, by the law of Nature and reason, the power of the whole. …

Sect.123. IF man in the state of nature be so free, as has been said; if he be absolute lord of his own person and possessions, equal to the greatest, and subject to no body, why will he part with his freedom? why will he give up this empire, and subject himself to the dominion and control of any other power? To which it is obvious to answer, that though in the state of nature he hath such a right, yet the enjoyment of it is very uncertain, and constantly exposed to the invasion of others … the enjoyment of the property he has in this state is very unsafe, very unsecure. This makes him willing to quit a condition, which … is full of fears and continual dangers: and it is not without reason, that he seeks out, and is willing to join in society with others, who are already united, or have a mind to unite, for the mutual preservation of their lives, liberties and estates, which I call by the general name, property.

Source: Locke, J. (1690). Of the beginning of political societies. Second treatise of civil government. Retrieved from http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/locke/locke2/locke2nd-b.html

Declaration of Independence Excerpt

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

Source: Jefferson, T. (1776). Declaration of Independence. Retrieved from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html

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Monday1. What is the title of the passage?2. List two words or terms from the passage that are not familiar to you.

Tuesday1. According to John Locke, what is the natural state of man?2. Based on the first paragraph, how do people form communities or governments?

Wednesday1. What is the meaning of the word “majority”?2. What did the author mean when he stated, “…the act of the majority passes for the act of the whole”?

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Thursday1. Based on the third paragraph, why do people form governments?2. Cite two pieces of text evidence to further support your answer to the previous question.

Friday1. What similar phrases exist among the two documents?2. Based on the excerpts and your content knowledge, how were America’s founders influenced by

Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke? Explain your answer.

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Source: ://e62813.medialib.glogster.com/thumbnails/1d9ce0d703405f298518d04b9cfa4803d039c2a40931adc460b7ae787e78f80a/enlightenment-and-scientific-revolution-wkst-12-source.jpg


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STARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHYSTARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY

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Monday1. What are the infographic’s three main topics?2. Define “scientific revolution.”

Tuesday1. According to John Locke, what are the three natural rights of man?2. On what point did Locke and Rousseau agree?

Wednesday1. Who developed the heliocentric theory?2. Using context clues, define “heliocentric.”

Thursday1. Who invented the first microscope?2. Why was his invention significant?

Friday1. After reviewing the infographic, who do you think made the most important contribution to the

Enlightenment/Scientific Revolution?2. Write at least three sentences explaining why you choose your answer to the previous question. Cite

visual/text evidence to support your answer.

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STARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHYSTARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY

WEEK 4-3

Monday

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STARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHYSTARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY1. What is the title of the map?2. On what two continents were the empires located?

Tuesday1. Which two empires were located in North America?2. Which empire was located in South America?

Wednesday1. What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?2. Describe the geographic location of the Aztec Empire.

Thursday1. What was the capital of the Inca Empire?2. Describe the geographic location of the Inca Empire.

Friday1. On what peninsula was the Maya Empire located?2. Using its location as a context clue, define “Mesoamerica.”

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Speeches of Motecuhzoma and Cortés

When Motecuhzoma [Montezuma] had given necklaces to each one, Cortés asked him: "Are you Motecuhzoma? Are you the king? Is it true that you are the king Motecuhzoma?"

And the king said: "Yes, I am Motecuhzoma." Then he stood up to welcome Cortés; he came forward, bowed his head low and addressed him in these words: "Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but now you have arrived on the earth. You have come to your city, Mexico. You have come here to sit on your throne, to sit under its canopy.

"The kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. The kings Itzcoatl, Motecuhzoma the Elder, Axayacatl, Tizoc and Ahuitzol ruled for you in the City of Mexico. The people were protected by their swords and sheltered by their shields.

"Do the kings know the destiny of those they left behind, their posterity? If only they are watching! If only they can see what I see!

"No, it is not a dream. I am not walking in my sleep. I am not seeing you in my dreams.... I have seen you at last! I have met you face to face! I was in agony for five days, for ten days, with my eyes fixed on the Region of the Mystery. And now you have come out of the clouds and mists to sit on your throne again.

"This was foretold by the kings who governed your city, and now it has taken place. You have come back to us; you have come down from the sky. Rest now, and take possession of your royal houses. Welcome to your land, my lords! "

When Motecuhzoma had finished, La Malinche translated his address into Spanish so that the Captain could understand it. Cortés replied in his strange and savage tongue, speaking first to La Malinche: "Tell Motecuhzoma that we are his friends. There is nothing to fear. We have wanted to see him for a long time, and now we have seen his face and heard his words. Tell him that we love him well and that our hearts are contented."

Then he said to Motecuhzoma: "We have come to your house in Mexico as friends. There is nothing to fear."

La Malinche translated this speech and the Spaniards grasped Motecuhzoma's hands and patted his back to show their affection for him....

Source: http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/aztecs1.asp

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Monday1. What is the topic of the passage? 2. List two words or terms from the passage that are not familiar to you (do not include names).

Tuesday1. In the passage, who are the two people talking?2. To whom was the letter written?

Wednesday1. Who is Motecuhzoma [Montezuma]? 2. How does Motecuhzoma react to Cortes’ arrival?

Thursday1. Who does Motechuzoma think Cortes is? Cite text evidence to support your answer.2. Where was Cortes from?

Friday1. Who was La Malinche?2. The Spaniards later easily conquered the Aztecs. How does this document help explain why they

were able to do so? Cite text evidence to support your answer.

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Monday1. What is shown in drawing 1?2. How is it similar to or different from its modern-day counterpart?

Tuesday1. What is shown in drawing 2?2. How is it similar to or different from its modern-day counterpart?

Wednesday1. What is shown in drawing 3?2. How is it similar to or different from its modern-day counterpart?

Thursday1. What is shown in drawing 4?2. How is it similar to different from its modern-day counterpart?

Friday1. What is shown in painting 5?2. Look at all of the drawings/paintings. What are two things we can learn about Leonardo da Vinci by

looking at them?

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Source: http://mrgrayhistory.wikispaces.com/


Monday1. What is the title of the map?2. What two colors represent areas that practiced Catholicism?

Tuesday1. What general region of Europe was predominately Roman Catholic?2. What general region of Europe was not Roman Catholic?

Wednesday1. What was the main religion of England in the year 1600?2. What was the main religion of Scotland in the year 1600?

Thursday1. Name two countries that were Lutheran.2. What modern-day country included Venice, Naples, and the Papal States?

Friday1. What does the brown line represent?2. Name three religions practiced in the Holy Roman Empire.

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STARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHYSTARTER ACTIVITIES—WORLD HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY3.

WEEK 3-8

Ninety-Five Theses

1. When our Lord and Master Jesus Christ said, ‘Repent’ (Matthew 4:17), he willed the entire life of believers to be one of repentance.

2. This word cannot be understood as referring to the sacrament of penance, that is, confession and satisfaction, as administered by the clergy….

4. The penalty of sin remains as long as the hatred of self (that is, true inner repentance), namely till our entrance into the kingdom of heaven….

36. Any truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without indulgence letters….

39. It is very difficult, even for the most learned theologians, at one and the same time to comment to the people the bounty of indulgences and the need of true contrition….

62. The true treasure of the church is the most holy gospel of the glory and grace of God…

65. Therefore the treasures of the gospel are nets with which one formerly fished for men of wealth.

66. The treasures of indulgences are nets with which one now fishes for the wealth of men.

--Martin Luther, Ninety-Five Theses, 1517

clergy: ministers of the church contrition: the feeling of remorse or regret for one’s sins penance: a rite or act of self-punishment for sinssacrament: a rite of the churchtheologian: a thinker who studies the nature of God and religious truththeses: propositions of statements of belief

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Monday1. What is the topic of the passage?2. Write the definitions for two of the underlined words in the passage.

Tuesday1. Who is the author of the passage?2. When was the passage written?

Wednesday1. According to the first of the theses, what should be at the center of a believer’s life?*2. According to Luther, what is the true treasure of the church?

Thursday1. How does Luther describe the “treasures of indulgences”?2. What meaning can be inferred from his description?

Friday1. According to Luther, do Christians need letters of indulgences for the forgiveness of sins?*2. In your own words, explain your answer to the previous question. Support your answer with text

evidence.

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Source: http://www.flowofhistory.com/node/595


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Monday1. What is the title of the flow chart? 2. Why is the Protestant Reformation mentioned in top center box?

Tuesday1. In the flow chart, what word is abbreviated “Cath”?2. In the flow chart, what word is abbreviated “Prot”?

Wednesday1. Who was blamed for the problems of the Catholic Church?2. What was the Catholic Church’s dilemma of reform?

Thursday1. What was the purpose of the Council of Trent? 2. What were two effects of the Council of Trent?

Friday1. What was the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)? 2. What are two ways the Jesuits helped revitalize the Catholic Church?

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Monday1. What is the title of the map? 2. What does the star on the map represent?

Tuesday1. What was the Enlightenment center for France?2. What was the Enlightenment center for Great Britain?

Wednesday1. How many Enlightenment centers were located along a river or coast?2. Name two Enlightenment centers located along a river or coast.

Thursday1. What was the easternmost Enlightenment center? 2. What Enlightenment center was located closest to the border of the Holy Roman Empire?

Friday1. Define the “Age of Enlightenment.” (pages 354-355)2. How would the Enlightenment centers’ locations have helped the spread of ideas?

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Source: Textbook, pages 344-345

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