Loadstatic loador dead load

live loads, deadloads andimpact loads

dynamic loador invisibleload

wind and earthquake

Ching, F. (2008). Building construction illustrated (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2.08.

Load support

Clay bricktypes

pressedbrick

cutbrick

A4 sheet

ways to support

largetouchingsurface area

thick wall

air tight cube

stiffness

quick intransfering load

- Load types

Knowledge Maps (weekly elearning and reading modules)

Knowledge Map (theatre session)

- Ways to support heavy load by weak support

Week - 1

stiffness

Materials

Strength

Stiffness Shape

Materialbehaviours

Economysustainability

steel

compression

tension

brick

FlexiblilityLinear

Planar

Volumetric

isotropic

anisotropic

price availibility

manufacturingeffects on theenvironment

efficiency

ropeconcrete

- Plan section

Plan section is a horizontal cut drawing ofthe inner part of a room or a buildingoverlooking the place from 2/3 of the height.Thus, it includes all the materials under the2/3 height. (Fig.1)

- Drawing the sections

- Elevation section

Elevation section is a vertical cutdrawing of a room or a building. (Fig.2)

- The drawing of these two sections depictsdifferent materials of a room or a building.

Fig. 1

Fig.2

- Material Behaviours

Studio session report

- Load

Load from the building isdistributed to the groundby load paths in therespective beams andcolumns. (Fig. 5)

- Compression

Compression works well inhard materials such asrocks. This method wascommon in the ancientperiod as there is no steeldevelopment. (Fig, 3)

- Tension

Tension works well withsome materials such assteel and ropes. (Fig.4)

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

- Force

A diagram of a forceindicates 3 things:

magnitude, direction andsense. (Fig. 6)

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

- Model Making - Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) tower

- Chosen type - circular based tower whichwalls will be narrower as it goes up.- By doing so, MDF cubes are used lesser andlesser although it is going upwards.- Then square type structure will continue atthe end of the circular structure in order to goup higher. (Fig. 7), (Fig. 10)

- The arch is supported by 2 strong columnswhich are made by touching the cubes closely.This makes compression between the cubes to bestronger. (Fig. 9)

Fig. 7

Fig. 9

Fig. 8

The cubes are arranged in a style of 1cube above 2and made to form vertical columns. Compressionbetween the cubes allows the structure to go up.(Fig. 8)

Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12

Glossary

Load Path - the path where load is transferred to the groundMasonry - a structure of combination of mortar and other materials such as bricksCompression - compression happens when two opposite external forces act upon anobject making the substances in the object compact.Reaction Force - a force reacted from the object when a force is applied to an object.Point Load - a load which exerct at a point rather than all over the place.Beam - specific materials such as timber which are placed in horizontal position andused in supporting load, roof, etc...

Load

support

joint

Light plasticbowl+ rocks

limitednumber ofstraws

high water tank

pins

common typesof joints problems

possible solution

wobble andweak instrength

Pin joints

use two pins in thejoints and makefoundation for thestructure

• Knowledge map (theatre session)

Structural systems solidcompression

arch

frame

skeletal

efficient fortransferringload

membrane

found instadiums

cover largearea

Hybrid

skeletal+membrane

skeletal+plain surface

• Knowledge map (weekly elearning and reading modules)

- Structural systems

- Making model of high water tank

Week- 2

constructing systems

structural system

enclosure system

service/mechanicalsystems

verticalextension abovethe foundation

columns, beams,walls supportingfloor and roofsturctures

foundation orsubstructure

roof and exteriorwalls

barriers for

doors

windows Interior wallsand partitions

outside weather,moisture, heat,airflow

noise

security

water supplysystem

sewage disposalsystem

heating, ventilatingand air-conditioningsystems

electricalsystem

veritcal transportationsystems

fire-fightingsystems

waste disposaland recyclingsystems

pin joints+concreteor slab

common

used for moving

Fixed joints

Joints

Rollar Joints

Pin joints

- Joints

- Constructing systems

Ching, F. (2008). Building construction illustrated (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2.03.

- The amount of load transferredto the ground by the columnsdepends on the distance betweenthe load and the columns.

- Like electric current, most ofthe load go to the nearestcolumn. Therefore, in thediagram, column A has more loadthan column B.

• Transferring loads and columns

- All columns do not carry loadto the ground.

- In the diagram, column C isnot carrying the load but it hasa downward force to balance thestructure.

• Pin Joint and reinforcement

If a force is applied from one side of thestructure,

The structure can become like this.

Studio session report

Fig. 3 Fig. 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

In diagonal bracing, the structure is reinforced by two braces which can produce tensionor compression force when an outside applys.In sheer bracing, the small braces stabalised the structure by making the columns unableto move.

• Model making - structural system

- The structure chosen to work is triangular based model. The decision is madebecause of the limited amount of materials and the stability of triangular structure.(Fig.7)

- In making joints, surface area for the glue to be appliedis made to be large so that every wood is glued moreeffectively and load is transferred by more surface of thewood. (Fig.8)

Fig.7 Fig.8 Fig.9

- The ascending woods are reinforced by diagonal bracing method to stablise thestructure as it becomes higher. This make tension or compression when a force is appliedto the model. So, the model can be still stable. (Fig.3)

Fig. 5 Fig. 6

- The structure becomes weaker and starts to wobble as it goes up although there arereinforcements. This can be because of the columns which are arranged in differentstyles. (Fig. 10)

Fig.10 Fig.11

- After finishing the top part, the structure seems to be quite stable as the load of thetop part make the wobble base to be straight and stronge to some distance. (Fig.11)

Glossary

- Structural joint - a junction of two structure which is connected by joint.- Stability - a quality of a structure which cannot be moved or rotated or bent.- Tension - tension occurs when there are two forces acting to an object in oppositedirections- Frame - one of the components of a structure which is basic and important insupporting other components.- Bracing - a kind of reinforcement- Column - a vertical structure of a building which transfer loads from the above tothe ground.