Week 1 Introductions Course Outline

– Course Outcomes– Evaluation Plan– Textbook

Schedule [Syllabus] Academic Integrity Student Introductions Learning Style / Multiple Intelligences Analysis of the Story of Architecture Settlement to 1st Civilization Assignment 1: Home Assignment 2 Toronto Tour

Module 1 Architectural History1

The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them!

Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world

Architectural Quotes

Module 1 Architectural History4

The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them!

Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world

Using the shared Excel Document. Type your name on the MI Sheet and place 1 across the talents column you think you posses

Handout: Learning Styles and Strategies Questionnaire

The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them!

Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world

Multiple Intelligences summary

Experiential Learning Cycle  What is Experiential

Learning? Experiential Learning is an

approach to learning in which participants engage in an activity, reflect on the activity critically, and obtain useful insight and learnings.

Learning which is developed experientially is "owned" by the learner and becomes an effective and integral aspect of behavioral change. Skill development, versus simply acquiring knowledge and concepts, occurs through Experiential Learning.

http://www.universityassociates.com/DELMFull.html

What is the Experiential Learning Cycle? The Experiential Learning Cycle includes five sequential steps, or

stages. The steps are as follows: Experiencing: (This is the initial stage of the cycle): Almost any activity

that involves self-assessment or interpersonal interaction may be used as the "doing" part of experiential learning.

Publishing: After participants have experienced an activity, they are ready to share or publish what they observed and how they felt during that experience.

Processing: (This is the pivotal step in the experiential learning cycle). This step, referred to as the group dynamics stage, includes systematic examination of shared experiences by the members of the group.

Generalizing: In this stage, the members of the group begin to focus on their awareness of situations in their personal or work lives that are similar to those they experienced in the group.

Applying: In this final stage, the facilitator helps participants apply generalizations to actual situations in which they are involved.

Experiential Learning

Differences between experiential learning and conventional training and teaching

http://www.businessballs.com/experiential_learning.htm

Module 1 Architectural History11

Chapter 2:Settlement to First Civilizations

History of ArchitectureHIST 12797

What are the Issues of Settlement?

Homo sapiens populates the globe

Module 1 Architectural History12

120,000 BP [Before Present] Based on fossil evidence

Source (1)

Cro-Magnon

Homo sapiens populates the globe

Module 1 Architectural History13

30,000 BP

Source (1)

Homo sapiens populates the globe

Module 1 Architectural History14

Population about 4 million

10,000 BP

Source (1)

Homo sapiens populates the globeEarly hunter-gatherers followed their food source(1) migrating herds

– of woolly mammoths, aurochs, bison, horses

(2) seasonal plant growth such as fruit and grainsMost of wild land biomass is:

– dangerous to hunt or difficult to gather – indigestible or even poisonous – low in nutritional value – tedious to make edible

Module 1 Architectural History15

Cro-Magnon Dwelling, Ukraine

Module 1 Architectural History16

Huts of Terra Amata, France 400,000

– 300,000 B.C. [Paleolithic Era] (paleo=old; lithic=stone)

Located near Nice, France, Terra Amata was a stone age hunt camp. Huts were made of branches tied together. Only traces remain today. Reconstruction is based on post holes and rocks around the perimeter

These are the oldest man-made structures known

Anthropologic Periods– Paleolithic before 8200 BC– Mesolithic 8200 – 4800 BC– Neolithic 4800 – 2200 BC– Bronze Age 2200 – 100 BC– Iron Age 100 BC – present

http://www.wort-und-wissen.de/sij/sij112/img/sij112-7-2.gif

Settlement after the last Ice Age

Module 1 Architectural History17

12,000BC ---- to ------ > Today

Paleolithic–Neolithic-Bronze–Iron Age

Source (1)

Civilization starts here

Settlement after the last Ice AgeCultivation after 10,000 BP, gatherers no longer relied on chance encounters with edible plants

– purposely sow —> harvest —> resow seeds to produce food

Bringing land under cultivation enables it support 10 to 100 times more people.

Domesticating animals introduced readily available source of protein, non-food products, natural fertilizer, and work power.

Module 1 Architectural History18

Group Discussion: What are the Issues of Settlement

Form a group at each tableDiscuss what issues homo sapiens

encountered when they stopped being hunter/gatherers and settled in one place.

Write out the issues using Post-It Notes (or the Shared PowerPoint Document).

What kind of issues? How did they deal with them? What kind of solutions did

they come up with? With what?

Module 1 Architectural History19

Module 1 Architectural History20

Group Discussion: Issues of Settlement

Are there common themes to the items you have identified?

Can you group them on the board under one of the following categories?– Technology– Function– Expression– Culture

Module 1 Architectural History21

The Elements of Architecture

Module 1 Architectural History22

Architectural ExpressionStyle

Technology

Culture Function

The Elements of Architecture Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book

“de Architectura”, identified three of the main elements of architecture:

1. “Commoditie” or Utility = FunctionHow is the Building to be used? Architectural Brief, Functional Programme, Circulation + Wayfinding, Space Planning

2. “Firmeness” or Strength = Technology How does the Building stand up? Materials. Structure, Building Envelope, Sustainable Development, Life Cycle Analysis, Details

Module 1 Architectural History23

The Elements of Architecture Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book

“de Architectura”, identified three of the main elements of architecture:

3. “Delight” or Grace = ExpressionIs the Building attractive or beautiful? Architectural Style, Building Design

By looking back in time with our perspective on history, we can add

4. Culture = lifestyle, beliefs, traditions, economics, social structure and artistic sensibilities

Module 1 Architectural History24

The Elements of Architecture

Module 1 Architectural History25

Sources and References

(1) Dr. Barbara J. Becker, Department of History, University of California, Irvine. HISTORY 135E: “Spinning the Web of Ingenuity: An Introduction to the History of Technology.” Winter 2004 https://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/SpinningWeb/index.htm

Paleolithic Period http://www.culture.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/

Neolithic Period/Stonehenge http://www.jamesmdeem.com/cavestory3.htm

Culture: http://skunk120.hubpages.com/hub/Architecture-and-Culture http://rmnathan.hubpages.com/hub/Culture_and_Houses#

Module 1 Architectural History26

Architectural QuotesBREAK

10

minutes

What do we humans need to survive?

Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter28

http://www.livescience.com/34128-limits-human-survival.html

What do we humans need to survive?

 "rule of threes" dictates how long we can forgo air, water and food

roughly three minutes, three days and three weeks, respectively

Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter29

http://www.livescience.com/34128-limits-human-survival.html

Maslow’sHierarchy of

needs

Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter30

The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.

Agriculture (Farming)

Growth of Cities

Division of Labor (Specialization)

Trade

Writing and Mathematics

Origins and Spread of Agriculture

Egypt, Asian, India and Mesopotamia

First Civilization

• Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) / Cunieform• Egyptian Civilization - Nile River / Hieroglyphics• Harappan Civilization - Indus River / Indus Script

• Ancient China - Huang He (Yellow) River / Chinese Characters

Early River Valley Civilizations

•Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates is unpredictable•No natural barriers•Limited natural resources for making tools or buildings

Environment

Sumer

Egypt

Indus Valley

China

•Flooding of the Nile is predictable•Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s villages

•Deserts were natural barriers

• Indus flooding is unpredictable•Monsoon winds•Mountains, deserts were natural barriers

•Huang He flooding is unpredictable•Mountains, deserts natural barriers•Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations

Search the internet

Groups of 4 or more Search each of the 4 early civilization using the

architectural framework that influenced architecture:– Culture– Function– Technology– Expression

Place your research in the Shared PowerPoint document

Remember to copy the URL as well to properly cite your sources

38

Technology

Culture

Function Building Types

Architectural Expression

Architecture Space and Form

HOA 12797 is a course that will bring forward the analysis of how culture, technology, function and architectural expressions mold the space and form of a building

Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter

Share your PPT

What have you discovered about the 1st civilization? How did they build their structures? What materials did they use? How did they try to adapt to the environment? What type of functional spaces did they provide for? Who were involved in the construction of this

structures What kind of expression of forms did they

articulate? Other questions?

1st Civilization Summary

Comparative Timeline

Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 18

Technology

Cultur

e

Express

ion

FunctionFortified Turkish Village

Indus Valley

Indus Valley

Major Sites and Interaction Networks

Corbeled drain at Mound ET gateway

Harappa, Indus Valley

workmen's platforms, and were first thought to have been used to thresh grain

Harappa, Indus Valley

"Great Granary“ (2450 B.C)Harappa, Indus Valley

Reconstruction of houses of the prehistoric village of Aaiun in Mesopotamia

61

Çatal Hüyük, Turkey

Existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE. It is the largest and best preserved Neolithic site found to date. [Discovered 1961]

64

Çatal Hüyük, Turkey

Reconstruction

Phases in use & Rebuilding

65

Çatal Hüyük, Turkey

Interior Reconstruction

Egypt

The Geometry of the Immortal

http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents/whistory_units1.htm#egypt1

A. Harvesting grain; B. Musicians play for the workers in the fields; C. Women winnowing the grain; D. Scribes tally the farmer’s taxes; E. The farmer’s son tending the livestock /

cattle.

Wealthy man’s house at Amarna.

73

Mud Brick-making

http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html

Technology Culture

Expression

FunctionAncient Egyptian Homes

Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 26

Technology Culture

Expressio

nFunction

Ancient Egyptian House

http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html

Technology Culture

Expressio

n

FunctionAncient Egyptian Homes

CHINA

CHINA

CHINAHuts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community

CHINAHuts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/architecture/

Sources and References

Marketing4marketeershttp://marketing4marketeers.wordpress.com/2010/05/07/marketing-to-one-buyer-at-a-time/ http://www.harappa.com/har/har0.htmlhttp://

www.harappa.com/har/indus-saraswati-geography.html http://www.harappa.com/indus2/oldworld.html http://www.harappa.com/indus2/timeline.html

Module 1 Architectural History83

What have we learned from our beginnings?

1st Civilization: Egypt, Asian, India and Mesopotamia (GA)

Generalization and Application

Generalization and Application Having researched and share the challenges faced

by our ancestors from the 1st civilization and seen how Technology, Expression, Culture and Function influenced the shape and form of their architecture use the Shared PowerPoint document provided and :– write a generalization about the period (focus on

housing only) 1 to 2 sentences should be enough.– write down as well in the same slide how you think you

can apply what you have learned from this topic. Focus on your future career as an architectural technologist/technician

– Provide images to highlight your points

Assignment 1

Home Video (open the word document

Module 1 Architectural History86

Assignment 2

Toronto Tour (open the PowerPoint document)

Module 1 Architectural History87

See you next meeting for another great adventure in the history of Architecture!