week 1 slides
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Defini&ons of Development Development is: “…the process by which an organism (human or animal) grows and changes through its life-‐span.” (Smith, Cowie & Blades, 2011, p. 6)
Developmental psychology is: “…the discipline that aFempts to describe and explain the changes that occur over Ime in the thought, behaviour, reasoning, and funcIoning of a person due to biological, individual, and environmental influences.” (Slater, Johnson & Muir, 2011, p. 5)
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Phases of Development
Before Birth
Prenatal Neonatal
0-‐2 years
Infancy
3-‐10 years
Childhood Early Middle Late
11-‐20 years
Adolescence Early Middle Late
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Aspects of Development
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Con&nuous Change
‘Inverted-‐U’FuncIon ‘U’ FuncIon
Age Age
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Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cogni&ve Development
Sensorimotor 0-‐2 years
Pre-‐operaIons 2-‐7 years
Concrete operaIons 7-‐11 years
Formal operaIons 12 years +
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Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory
Child
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
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Nature-‐Nurture Interac&ons
Development
Social
Psychological Biological
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Defini&on
Developmental psychopathology is: “ …an evolving interdisciplinary scienIfic field that seeks to elucidate the interplay among the biological, psychological, and social-‐contextual aspects of normal and abnormal development across the life course.” (Cicche[ & Toth, 2009, p. 16)
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Developmental Trajectories
Childhood Late Adolescence
Low
High
Adapted from: Compas, Hinden & Gerhardt (1995)
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Risk and Protec&ve Factors Adapted from: Carr (2006)
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Developmental Phenomena
Factor
Outcome Outcome Outcome
Process Process
Outcome
Process
Equifinality Mul&finality