WEEK 11 – TOPOLOGIES, TCP/ IP, SHARING & SECURITY

IT1001- Personal Computer Hardware System &

Operations

Topology

Bus Topology A bus topology uses one cable as a main trunk to

connect all of the system together. A bus topology is very easy to setup & requires no

additional hardware such as switch, hub. The cable is also called a trunk, a backbone. With a

bus topology, when a computer sends out a single the signal travels the cable link in both direction from the sending computer.

When the signal reach the end of the cable length it bounces back & return in the direction it come.

Topology

Bus TopologyAdvantages of a Bus Topology Low cost Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to bus. Requires less cable length than a star topology. No need to purchase any additional devices such as

switch and hub.Disadvantages of a Bus Topology Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the

main cable. Terminators are required at both ends of the

backbone cable. Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network

shuts down. (Difficult to troubleshooting).

Topology

Ring Topology In a ring topology all computer are connected via a

cable that loops in a ring or a circle. It is a circle that has no start & no end. Because

there are no ends terminators are not necessary.

Topology

Ring TopologyAdvantages It is less expensive than star topology. Nodes can be easily added or removed.

Disadvantages It is more difficult to install and maintain. If a node fails, it affects the entire network

Topology

Star Topology In star topology all computers are connected

through one central device known as a switch or hub.

Each workstation has a cable goes from the network card to the hub device.

One of the major benefits of a star topology is that if there is a break down in a cable it causes only the work station not entire network.

Topology

Star topologyAdvantages It is easy to install and to maintain. Can easily add and remove nodes to and from the

network without affecting the network.(scalability) If need to add another workstation with a star

topology we can simply connect that system an unused part of the hub.

If any node fails, other nodes are not affected.Disadvantages This type of network depends upon the central Hub. If

Hub fails the entire network is failed.(But hub troubleshooting is easier than bus topology)

Each computer is directly connected to the Hub through a cable, so it becomes more costly.

Topology

Tree Topology A tree topology combines characteristics of bus and

star topologies. It consists of groups of star-configured workstations

connected to a bus backbone cable. Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing

network

Topology

Tree topologyAdvantages of a Tree Topology Point-to-point wiring for individual segments. Supported by several hardware and software

venders.

Disadvantages of a Tree Topology Overall length of each segment is limited by the

type of cabling used. If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment

goes down. More difficult to configure and wire than other

topologies.

Topology

Mesh Topology In a mesh topology, each computer is connected to

every other computer by a separate cable. This configuration provides redundant paths, so if

one computer encounters a problem, the entire network still works.

On a large scale, multiple LANs can be connected using mesh topology with the help of telephone lines, coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

 Number of cables =n(n-1)/2

=6(6-1)/2 =15

Topology

Mesh TopologyAdvantages  Provides redundant paths between devices The network can be expanded without disruption to

current users.Disadvantages  Requires more cables than the other LAN topologies. Complicated implementation

TCP/IP

INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK

TCP/IP

The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.

TCP/IP defines the rule computers must follow to communicate with each other over the internet.

It is commonly also known as TCP/IP named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the

Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration TCP/IP defines how your computer communicates

with other computers. To make it easier to manage TCP/IP settings, we

recommend using automated Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

DHCP automatically assigns Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to the computers on your network, if your network supports it.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration If you use DHCP, then you don't have to change your

TCP/IP settings if you move your computer to another location, and DHCP doesn't require you to manually configure TCP/IP settings, such as Domain Name System (DNS) and Windows Internet Name Service (WINS). To enable DHCP or change other TCP/IP settings, follow these steps:

1. Click to open Network Connections.2. Right-click the connection that you want to change,

and then click Properties. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

3. Click the Networking tab. Under This connection uses the following items, click either Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) or Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6), and then click Properties

TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration

TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration4. To specify IPv4 IP address settings, do one of the

following: To get IP settings automatically using DHCP, click Obtain

an IP address automatically, and then click OK. To specify an IP address, click Use the following IP

address, and then, in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway boxes, type the IP address settings.

5. To specify IPv6 IP address settings, do one of the following:

To get IP settings automatically using DHCP, click Obtain an IPv6 address automatically, and then click OK.

To specify an IP address, click Use the following IPv6 address, and then, in the IPv6 address, Subnet prefix length, and Default gateway boxes, type the IP address settings.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration6. To specify DNS server address settings, do one of the following:

To get a DNS server address automatically using DHCP, click Obtain DNS server address automatically, and then click OK.

To specify a DNS server address, click Use the following DNS server addresses, and then, in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server boxes, type the addresses of the primary and secondary DNS servers.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration To change advanced DNS, WINS, and IP settings, click Advanced.

Practical

Creating peer to peer networkIP configuringSharing & security (Files & folder)Sharing Resourses (a network printer)

Practical 1-Creating Peer to peer network

Using crossover cable connect two computers

Check the IP configuration using ipconfig command

Assign static IP address Share two folders in both computerTransfer files between two computersTo check the connectivity use the ping

command

Assigning IP addresses

Start Network Places View Network Connections Local Area Connection

Network Connections

Local Area Connection

Local Area Connections Properties

Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

Check IP Configurations in Command Prompt

Using “ping’ command

Using “ping’ command (IP address is not exist)

Adding Computer into Workgroup

Right click on “My Computer” Properties

Select Computer Name Tab

Go to “Change”

Create Workgroup ATI

Workgroup Created

Need to Restart the Computer

Network Places View workgroup computers

Sharing a Folder

Create a folder (named share1)Right click on the that folder and select

option “Sharing and security”

Sharing a Folder

Sharing a Folder

Access Shared Files in Other Machine

Files on Remote Machine

Practical-2

Configure peer to peer network with more than two computers using a hub or switch. (Use straight through cables)

Configuring peer-to-peer network with more than two computers

Using a switch or a hub

Steps

Use straight-through cables for each computer

Connect the computer using hub/switch and the cables

Assign IP addresses to machinesAdd the machines to work groupCheck the connectivity Share foldersTransfer some file between computers

Assigning IP addresses

Start Network Places View Network Connections Local Area Connection

Network Connections

Local Area Connection

Local Area Connections Properties

Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

Check IP Configurations in Command Prompt

Using “ping’ command

Using “ping’ command (IP address is not exist)

Adding Computer into Workgroup

Right click on “My Computer” Properties

Select Computer Name Tab

Go to “Change”

Create Workgroup ATI

Workgroup Created

Need to Restart the Computer