week 14 - simple pendulum

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Week 14 The Simple Pendulum 1. Scope 1.1 Goal Conduct experiment to study the simple harmonic motion of an oscillatory pendulum and analyze and interpret the data 1.2 Units of measurement to use United States customary units 1.3 Safety Concerns Students should maintain a minimum of 4 feet distance from the apparatus while pendulum is in motion as shown below. 2. Reference Documents 3. Terminology Include in procedure but leave empty for faculty to fill in

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Week  14  The  Simple  Pendulum

1. Scope

1.1 Goal

Conduct  experiment  to  study  the  simple  harmonic  motion  of  an  oscillatory  pendulum  and  analyze  and  interpret  the  data

1.2 Units of measurement to use

United  States  customary  units

1.3 Safety Concerns

Students  should  maintain  a  minimum  of  4  feet  distance  from  the  apparatus  while  pendulum  is  in  motion  as  shown  below.    

 

 

2. Reference Documents 3. Terminology  

• Include  in  procedure  but  leave  empty  for  faculty  to  fill  in  

4. Summary of Test Method

Newton’s  Law  of  Gravity  and  law  of  conservation  of  energy  will  be  demonstrated  by  conducting  an  experiment  on  the  simple  harmonic  motion  of  an  oscillatory  pendulum.  The  length  of  the  pendulum  and  mass  attached  to  end  of  pendulum  is  adjusted.  By  using  the  built  in  scale,  the  pendulum  is  released  from  a  specific  angle.  At  the  time  of  release  of  the  pendulum,  an  existing  LabVIEW  program  will  be  used  to  measure  voltage  over  time.  The  encoder  output  is  converted  into  a  digital  signal  by  use  of  a  data  acquisition  device.  Using  the  data  obtained,  the  total  potential  and  kinetic  energy  of  the  mass  at  any  given  point  in  time  can  be  estimated.  

5. Apparatus  

Standard  setup Pendulum  masses  (Aluminum  cylinder,  Aluminum  cube,  Steel  cylinder,  Steel  cube)  1  Set  screw Slider  system  #14  (Includes  slider,  Subassembly  of  encoder,  pendulum  rod)  Encoder  Wiring

7. Sampling, Test Specimens  

There  will  be  five  experimental  runs  in  total.  Two  variables  can  be  changed  to  obtain  unique  data  for  each  experimental  run:  the  mass,  location  of  mass  along  the  pendulum  rod.  The  four  objects  differ  in  size,  shape  and  mass.  A  set  screw  is  used  to  secure  the  mass  in  location.  The  length  of  the  pendulum  rod  can  also  be  varied  at  the  pivot  point.      The  encoder  will  automatically  begin  counting  the  number  of  revolutions  once  the  pendulum  is  released  from  a  specific  angle.  The  data  is  converted  to  a  digital  signal  by  use  of  the  data  acquisition  device  and  is  communicated  to  the  student  via  a  simple  user  interface  by  employing  the  LabVIEW  software  program.  The  data  in  the  form  of  position  of  mass  vs.  time  in  an  Excel  file.  

8. Preparation of Apparatus  

Step  1:  Setup  upper  post  segment  in  vertical  configuration    Step  2:  Adjust  front  and  side  adjoining  strips  (strips  #1,  #2)  along  the  vertical  post  using    the  1/8  inch  wrench  tool  to  secure  the  post  in  position  as  shown  below    Step  3:  Connect  back  support  to  vertical  post  as  shown  below.  Using  the  5/32  wrench  tool,  tighten  bolts  to  secure  in  place.    

 Step  4:  Connect  slider  system  #14  to  right  face  of  post  as  shown  below.  Position  such  that  the  bottom  surface  of  the  slider  system  aligns  with  0”  on  the  post’s  scale                                    Step  5:  Connect  ‘Encoder  Wiring’.  Plug  USB  to  PC  and  other  side  to  the  slot  at  the  bottom  of  the  encoder  as  shown  below.      

     Step  6:  Log  in  to  PC.  Open  LabVIEW  program  ‘Week  14  –  Simple  Pendulum’.      Step  7:  Confirm  that  encoder  USB  has  been  recognized.        

   Measuring  tape  to  measure  the  length  Till  top  surface  of  the  mass  Aluminum  cube,  cyl  Steel  cube,  cyl  

9. Calibration & Standardization  

No  calibration  needed

10. Conditioning  

The  encoder  is  a  counter  and  tracks  number  of  degrees  the  pendulum  moves  in  each  direction.  Data  is  collected  and  shown  in  the  LabVIEW  graph  at  the  point  in  time  when  an  increment  or  decrement  in  angle  takes  place.    

11. Procedure  

Step  1:  Slide  mass  onto  pendulum  rod  from  the  open  end    Step  2:  Slide  set  screw  onto  pendulum  rod  such  that  it  is  below  the  mass.  Tighten  set  screw  to  position  mass  in  desired  location  

 

 Step  3:  Using  measuring  tape,  record  distance  between  top  end  of  rod  and  top  surface  of  mass  as  shown  below    

 Step  4:  In  LabVIEW  program,  select  ‘Start’    Step  5:  Raise  pendulum  to  desired  height  as  shown  below.    

 

 Step  6:  Release  pendulum.  (Ensure  no  class  mates  or  team  members  are  within  4’  of  the  post  due  to  safety  reasons)    

 Step  7:  Remain  outside  of  the  pendulum’s  line  of  sight  until  it  reaches  to  a  complete  halt.      

12. Calculation/ Interpretation of Results  

“This  portion  of  lab  is  to  be  completed  on  Wednesday”

13. Report  

“This  portion  of  lab  is  to  be  completed  prior  to  deadline  after  class  hours”

14. Precision & Bias  

The  estimated  uncertainty  associated  with  data  collected  by  the  encoder  is  +/-­‐  0.5  degrees  as  it  is  a  counter  and  tracks  increments  of  one  degree.