week-4a built in functions

8/9/2019 Week-4a Built in Functions

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The Built-In Functions-2

Numeric Functions

Date Functions

Conversion Functions

WEEK-4A


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Name Description

ABS Returns the absolute value of the number.

ACOS Returns the inverse cosine.COS Returns the cosine.

ASIN Returns the inverse sine.

SIN Returns the sine.

ATAN Returns the inverse tangent.

TAN Returns the tangent.

CEIL Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the specifiednumber.

FLOOR Returns the largest integer equal to or less than the specified number.

EXP (n) Returns e raised to the n th power, where e = 2.71828183...

LN (a) Returns the natural logarithm of a .

2-The Built-in Numeric Functions


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LOG (a, b) Returns the logarithm, base a , of b .

MOD (a, b) Returns the remainder of a divided by b .

POWER (a, b) Returns a raised to the b th power.

ROUND (a, [b]) Returns a rounded to b decimal places.

SIGN (a) Returns 1 if a is positive, 0 if a is 0, and -1 if a is less than 0.

SQRT Returns the square root of the number.

TRUNC (a, [b]) Returns a truncated to b decimal places.


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ABSABS(-1) 1 ABS(23) 23 ABS(-25) 25

CEILThe CEIL ("ceiling") function returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the

specified number.

CEIL(2.2) 3 CEIL(5.9) 6 CEIL(-5.9) 5

EXP(N) e NThe number e (approximately equal to 2.71828) is the base of the system of natural logarithms

EXP(2) 7.38 EXP(3) 20.08 EXP(2) 7.38

FLOORhe FLOOR function, the opposite of the CEIL function, returns the largest integer that is less

than or equal to the input number.

FLOOR(2.2) 2 FLOOR(5.9) 5 FLOOR(-5.9) -6


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ASINASIN(0.5 ) 0,523598775598299

30 DEGREE = 0,523598775598299 RADIAN

SINSIN( 30 ) -0,988031624092862 WRONG !!!

SIN( 0,523598775598299 ) 0.5 CORRECT

COSCOS( 30 ) 0,154251449887584 WRONG !!!

COS( 0,523598775598299 ) 0,866025403784439 CORRECT

30 DEGREE = 0,523598775598299 RADIAN

ACOSACOS(0,866025403784439 ) 0,523598775598299


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LNThe LN function returns the natural logarithm of the input. The specification for the LN function is:

LN(1) 0 LN(10) 2.30 ABS(-1) ERROR

LOGThe LOG function returns the base-b logarithm of the input value.

LOG(10,1) 0 LOG(10,1000) 3 LOG(10,-1) ERROR

POWER N M POWER(N,M)The POWER function raises the first argument to the power indicated by the second argument.

POWER(2,3) 8 POWER(5,2) 25 POWER(-2,3) -8

MODThe MOD function returns the remainder of one number when divided by a second number.

MOD(20,3) 2 MOD(5,2) 1 MOD(6,3) 0


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ROUNDROUND function returns a number rounded to a certain number of decimal places.

ROUND(2.25) 2 ROUND(2.25,1) 2,3 ROUND(2.25,2) 2,25 ROUND(124,-1) 120 ROUND(125,-1) 130

SIGNThe SIGN function returns the sign of the input number.

SIGN(-25) -1 SIGN(0) 0 SIGN(25) 1

TRUNCThe TRUNC function truncates the first argument to the number of decimal places specified by the

second argument.

TRUNC ( 53.46 ) 53 TRUNC ( 53.6789 ,1) 53.6 TRUNC ( 53.6789 ,3) 53.678

SQRTThe SQRT function returns the square root of the input number.

SQRT(25) 5


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Name Description

ADD_MONTHS Adds the specified number of months to a date.

LAST_DAY Returns the last day in the month of the specified date.

MONTHS_ BETWEEN Calculates the number of months between two dates.

NEXT_DAY Returns the date of the first weekday specified that islater than the date.

SYSDATE Returns the current date and time in the Oracle Server.

3-The Built-In Date Functions


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ADD_MONTHSADD_MONTHS ('12-JAN-1995', 3) 12-APR-1995

LAST_DAYLAST_DAY ('12-JAN-99') 31-JAN-1999

SYSDATEDisplay the current date

MONTHS_BETWEENMONTHS_BETWEEN ('31-MAR-1995', '28-FEB-1994) 13


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Name Description

TO_CHAR Converts a number or date to a string.

TO_DATE Converts a string to a date.

TO_NUMBER Converts a string to a number.

4-The Built-In Conversion Functions


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SELECT TO_NUMBER(23)+TO_NUMBER(2) FROM DUAL

SELECT 23||2 FROM DUAL


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Name Description

DECODE Decode compares expression to the search_x expressions and, if matches, returnsresult_x. If not, returns default.

DECODE ( expression,expression1, result1,expression2,result2,

default_result )

CASE It has the functionality of an IF-THEN-ELSE statement.CASE [ expression ]

WHEN condition_1 THEN result_1WHEN condition_2 THEN result_2...WHEN condition_n THEN result_nELSE result

END

USER USER function returns the user_id from the current Oracle session.SELECT USER FROM DUAL; >>>>> SCOTT

UID UID function returns the id number for a user's session (the user who is currentlylogged in).SELECT UID FROM DUAL; >>>>> 54

COALESCE The coalesce function returns the first non-null expression in the list. If allexpressions evaluate to null, then the coalesce function will return null.

The syntax for the coalesce function is:coalesce( expr1, expr2, ... expr_n )

Other Built-In functions


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1-Write an SQL statement which returns the employees and their salary which added percentage of salary as shownbelow.

30% to MANAGER, 40% to ANALYST,50% to CLERK, 60% to SALESMAN, 70% to PRESIDENT

SELECT ENAME , DECODE(JOB,'MANAGER',SAL+SAL*30/100,'ANALYST',SAL+SAL*40/100,'CLERK',SAL+SAL*50/100,'SALESMAN',SAL+SAL*60/100,'PRESIDENT',SAL+SAL*70/100) AS NEW FROM EMP;


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1-Write an SQL statement which returns the employees and their salary which added percentage of salary as shownbelow.

30% to MANAGER, 40% to ANALYST,50% to CLERK, 60% to SALESMAN, 70% to PRESIDENTSELECT ENAME ,CASE

WHEN (JOB='MANAGER') THEN SAL+SAL*30/100 WHEN (JOB='ANALYST') THEN SAL+SAL*40/100 WHEN (JOB='CLERK') THEN SAL+SAL*50/100

WHEN (JOB='SALESMAN') THEN SAL+SAL*60/100 WHEN (JOB='PRESIDENT') THEN SAL+SAL*70/100 ELSE SAL END AS NEW


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SELECT NAME, COALESCE ( ADDRESS1,ADDRESS2,ADDRESS3 ) AS ADDRESS FROM GUIDE

TABLE: GUIDE


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1-Write an SQL statement which returns

)30sin() 0a 150log) 10b 1024log) 2c

)45cos()0

g

)1tan()ae)1cos()ad

)5.0sin()a f

123

2 86ln600log45tan70cos30sin

) ++++h

2-Write an SQL statement which returns

3.56 >>> ? Function>>> 3

5.286 >>> ? Function>>> 5.29

7.12 >>> ? Function>>> 77.12 >>> ? Function>>> 8

5.45612>>>? Function>>> 5.45

567>>>>>>? Function>>> 570


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Use AIRPLANES table for 3rd ,4 th and 5 th tasks

3-Write an SQL statement which return ONE if line_number=1,TWO if line_number=2or MORE THAN TWO if line_number is greater than 2.


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4-Write an SQL statement which returns the full name of customer_id as shown in thefigure.

AAL American AirlinesILC Intl. Leasing Corp.NWO Northwest OrientSAL Southwest AirlinesSWA Sweptwing AirlinesUSAF U.S. Air Force

5-Write an SQL statement which returnsONE, if line_number between 1 and 10,BIG, if line_number is between 11 and 50,BIGGER, if line_number is greater than 50.

6 W i SQL hi h l i l i d l1 l2 l3


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6-Write an SQL statement which returns values using coalesce in order col1,col2,col3

Table: test

Col1 col2 col3

-----------------------------------

1 3

1 5

6 1

1

2 1


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1) select sin(30*3.14/180) from emp;

select log(10,150) from emp;select log(2,1024) from emp;select acos(1)*180/3.14 from emp;select atan(1)*180/3.14 from emp;select asin(0.5)*180/3.14 from emp;select cos(45*3.14/180) from emp;select ABS( sin(30*3.14/180) / cos(70*3.14/180) + TAN(45*3.14/180)*TAN(45*3.14/180) + log(3,600) ) + ln(6)+power(8,12)

FROM DUAL;2) select floor(3.56) from emp;

select round(5.286,2) from emp;select floor(7.12) from emp;select ceil(7.12) from emp;select trunc(5.45612,2) from emp;select round(567,-1) from emp;3) select decode(line_number,1,'ONE',2,'TWO','MORE THAN TWO') from airplanes;4) select decode(customer_id,'AAL','American Airlines','ILC','INtl. Leasing Corp','NWO','Northwest Orient','SAL','Southwest

Airlines','SWA','Sweptwing Airlines','USAF','U.S. Air Force') from airplanes;5)select CASE WHEN LINE_NUMBER BETWEEN 1 AND 10 THEN 'ONE'

WHEN LINE_NUMBER BETWEEN 11 AND 15 THEN 'BIG'WHEN LINE_NUMBER>15 THEN 'BIGGER' END FROM AIRPLANES;

6) SELECT COALESCE(COL1,COL2,COL3) FROM TEST;

week-4a built in functions

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