1. Article I Sections 9 & 10: Limitations on Congress and the States

2. Art. Sect. 9: Slave Trade

Stated that slave trade could not be prohibited by Congress before 1808 AND allowed a tax to be imposed on imported slaves not to exceed $10 per slave.

3. The second provision prevented Congress from taxing the slave trade out of existence. 4. When was the importation of slaves officially banished in the U.S.? 5. Art. Sect. 9 #1 Slave Trade

Stated that slave trade could not be prohibited by Congress before 1808 AND allowed a tax to be imposed on imported slaves not to exceed $10 per slave.

6. The second provision prevented Congress from taxing the slave trade out of existence. 7. When was the importation of slaves officially banished in the U.S.?Jan. 1, 1808 8. Did this stop the slave trade? 9. Art. Sect. 9 #1 Slave Trade

Stated that slave trade could not be prohibited by Congress before 1808 AND allowed a tax to be imposed on imported slaves not to exceed $10 per slave.

10. The second provision prevented Congress from taxing the slave trade out of existence. 11. When was the importation of slaves officially banished in the U.S.? Jan. 1, 1808 12. Did this stop the slave trade? 13. - No, it continued illegally on an international basis as well as between states 14. Note: This clause is now obsolete. 15. Art. I Sect. 9: Habeas Corpus

Writ of habeas corpus = ?

16. Art. I Sect. 9: Habeas Corpus

Writ ofhabeas corpus= Latin for you have the body

17. - the writ is a piece of paper which states the reason why one is being held in custody (or prison); it prevents the govt from holding political enemies indefinitely for no specific charge 18. Congress cannot suspend this right except in times of rebellion or invasion to protect public safety 19. Has it ever been suspended in the U.S.? 20. Art. I Sect. 9: Habeas Corpus

Writ ofhabeas corpus= Latin for you have the body

21. - the writ is a piece of paper which states the reason why one is being held in custody (or prison); it prevents the govt from holding political enemies indefinitely for no specific charge 22. Congress cannot suspend this right except in times of rebellion or invasion to protect public safety 23. Has it ever been suspended in the U.S.? 24. - Yes, during the Civil War 25. Art. I Sect. 9: No Bill of Attainder or Ex Post Facto Law

Bill of Attainder = ?

26. Art. I Sect. 9: No Bill of Attainder or Ex Post Facto Law

Bill of Attainder=a law that declares someone is guilty of a crime, usually treason, without giving that person the right to a trial

27. Ex Post Facto Law = ? 28. Art. I Sect. 9: Bill of Attainder or Ex Post Facto Law

Bill of Attainder=a law that declares someone is guilty of a crime, usually treason, without giving that person the right to a trial

29. Ex Post Facto Law= a law that declares an act to be a crime after it has been committed 30. These types of law are forbidden under the Constitution 31. Why is this a good idea? 32. Art. I Sect. 9: Bill of Attainder or Ex Post Facto Law

Bill of Attainder=a law that declares someone is guilty of a crime, usually treason, without giving that person the right to a trial

33. Ex Post Facto Law= a law that declares an act to be a crime after it has been committed 34. These types of law are forbidden under the Constitution 35. Why is this a good idea? 36. - Kings and others used these tactics to punish and silence their enemies without regard for their rights. They are definitely tyrannical. 37. Art. I Sect. 9: Direct Taxes

What is a direct tax?

38. Art. I Sect. 9: Direct Taxes

What is adirect tax ?

39. - a tax that is levied directly on a person just for existing; it cannot be avoided 40. Indirect taxes= taxes levied on activities that could be avoided if one so chooses such as sales taxes or import duties. 41. Also known as a capitation (or head) tax 42. Had to be proportional to the census results and equally levied across the nation same tax on everyone 43. 16 thAmendment did away with this limitation, allowing federal govt to tax income directly w/o regard to the census or apportionment amongst the states 44. Art. I Sect. 9: No tax on exports of the states

Neither those goods exported to other states or other nations can be taxed.

45. This type of tax was seen as anti-business, which it certainly is. 46. Art. I Sect. 9: Regarding state ports & favoritism

Congress cannot give preference to any port or state through its laws

47. Congress cannot tax trade between the states even when that trade is carried on over the seas or other passages of water such as rivers 48. Art. I Sect. 9: Treasury procedures

Treasury money can be spent only under the express approval of Congress

49. Appropriation = ? 50. Art. I Sect. 9: Treasury procedures

Treasury money can be spent only under the express approval of Congress

51. Appropriation=specific amount of money set aside under the authority of Congress 52. Thus, Congress has the power of the purse. 53. Regular financial reports have to be filed by the Secretary of the Treasury 54. Art. I Sect. 9: No titles of nobility

Congress cannot grant titles of nobility such as duke, earl, baron, etc. to anyone

55. Neither can anyone holding a public office accept such titles or other gifts, money, or offices from another country without the permission of Congress 56. Why was this added? 57. Art. I Sect. 9: No titles of nobility

Congress cannot grant titles of nobility such as duke, earl, baron, etc. to anyone

58. Neither can anyone holding a public office accept such titles or other gifts, money, or offices from another country without the permission of Congress 59. Why was this added? 60. - to prevent abuses of nobility seen in other nations 61. - to prevent those in office from being beholden to foreign nations 62. Art. I Sect. 10: Powers Denied to the States

States cannot do the following:

Enter into a treaty, alliance, or confederation (Civil War??)

63. Grant letters of marque or reprisal 64. Coin money 65. Issue bills of credit 66. Make anything other than gold or silver into legal tender to pay debts ( Hmm, is this one still followed? ) 67. Pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law interfering with the obligations of contracts 68. Grant any title of nobility 69. Art. I Sect. 10: More powers forbidden to the States

No state can levy taxes on imports or exports without Congress's permission other than to pay for inspection costs

70. Any net proceeds from such taxes will go into the U.S. Treasury 71. All such laws are subject to the revision and control of Congress 72. Art. I Sect. 10: More powers forbidden to the states

The following powers are denied to the states unless Congress gives its consent:

73. Tax ships entering their ports 74. Keep troops or ships of war in times of peace 75. Enter into any agreement or compact with another state or foreign power, or engage in war UNLESS invaded or in imminent danger which will not allow for a delay. 76. NOTE - This bears repeating:either Congress or the states had jurisdiction in the various areas of law. They were not supposed to share jurisdiction. If Congress was given a power, it was denied to the states and vice versa.