weitang song china agricultural university (cau),professor technology advances in protected...
TRANSCRIPT
Weitang Song
China Agricultural University (CAU),Professor
Technology Advances in Protected Horticulture
1. Introduction
2. Chinese Solar Greenhouse
3. Conclusion
Contents
1. Introduction
Areas of Protected Horticulture in China ( 104 ha)
Year Sum Small
Arch ShedBig and
Middle Shed
Energy-saving Solar
Greenhouse
General Solar Greenhouse
Heating Greenhouse
Multi-span Greenhouse
1978 0.53 0.37 0.13 0.03 / / /
1982 1.04 0.71 0.18 0.11 0.04 / / 1984 3.16 2.17 0.55 0.01 0.31 0.12 /
1986 7.92 5.39 1.37 0.06 0.85 0.25 / 1988 12.00 7.87 2.15 0.22 1.43 0.33 /
1990 15.67 9.66 3.34 0.75 1.53 0.40 / 1992 24.35 14.33 5.73 2.22 1.57 0.51 /
1994 43.46 22.31 10.67 6.29 3.63 0.55 / 1996 83.81 37.57 25.59 12.53 7.16 0.97 0.01
1998 138.80 54.66 52.26 20.71 8.71 2.52 0.07 2000 183.27 69.12 71.27 28.35 11.68 2.85 0.13
2002 210.63 75.81 82.46 38.31 11.67 2.38 0.11 2004 257.70 98.87 106.65 39.19 10.78 1.47 0.73
2006 274.15 107.62 109.07 45.38 9.55 1.77 0.77
2008 334.67 127.88 130.21 61.77 11.57 1.93 1.31 2010 362.7 131.5 145.5 69.9 11.7 2.3 1.8
2012 379.1 132.3 148.3 80.5 12.3 3.5 2.1
35%
39%
21%
3% 1%1%
小拱棚 大中棚 节能日光温室 普通日光温室 加温温室 连栋温室
1 2 3 4 5 6
Small Arch Shed
Big and MiddleShed
Energy-saving Solar Greenhouse
General Solar Greenhouse
Heating Greenhouse
Multi-span Greenhouse
Crop Distribution of Protected Horticulture(104 ha)
Year Sum Percen-
-tage(%)
Small Arch Shed
Big and Middle Shed
Energy-saving Solar Greenhouse
General Solar
Greenhouse
Heating Greenhouse
Multi-span Greenhouse
2008 350 130 139 64 12 2.4 1.7
Vegetables 335 95.6 127 130 62 10 1.9 1.3
Orchards 9 2.6 7 5 1 1.6 0.1
Flowers 6 1.8 3 4 1 0.4 0.4
2010 363 131 145 70 12 2.3 1.8
Vegetables 344 94.9 128 134 66 11 1.8 1.3
Orchards 10 2.6 7 5 2 0.7 0.2
Flowers 9 2.5 3 6 2 0.3 0.3
2012 379 132 148 80 12 3.5 2
Vegetables 359 94.5 129 136 77 11 2 1.5
Orchards 11 2.9 7 8 2 0.6 0.9
Flowers 9 2.6 3 4 1 0.4 0.6
Regional distribution of Protected Vegetables
Bohai Bay and Huang-Huai Area
The middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River
Northwest Region Other
Achievement
Ensure whole-year vegetable supply:National output of protected vegetable is 2.5 hundred
million, with per capita 185.66 kg. Promote employment and increase farmer income: Incept 27 million employees directly and 15 million
employees in related industry. Net output of protected
vegetable was more than 580 billion RMB in 2010. Improve the status of protected vegetable industry: Utilizing 3.1% farmland, protected vegetable industry
accounts for 25% of output.
Features Low-carbon and energy-saving:Eight hundred hectares of Energy-saving Solar Greenhouse can save
300 million tons of coal every year, which is equivalent to reduction of 800
million tons CO2, 2.6 million tons SO2 and 2.2 million tons NOx emissions.
Low cost and simple facilities:Shed with bamboo-wood frame accounts for more than 60%, and Energy-
saving Solar Greenhouse with bamboo-wood and mud wall frame
accounts for 60%.
Mainly located in area with the lowest tepm.0~-25 oC:Bohai Bay, Huang Huai Area, The middle and lower reaches of
Changjiang River, Northwest Region accounts for 88%, Solar
Greenhouse is located mainly in north.
Fruit vegetable as primary vegetables: Value the exploitation and utilization of low-yielding
fields and non-arable land:
2. Chinese Solar Greenhouse (CSG)
W
ECover on South Surface
Thermal Quilt
N S
North Wall
Back Roof Cover (plastic film) on South
Surface
Structure of CSG
2.1 Charicteristics of CSG
Main components of CSG
SN
Cover on South Surface
Thermal Quilt
Span
Back Roof
North Wall
Roof HeightHorizontal
Width of Back Roof
Wall Height
2.2 Property of CSG
① Low cost for construction (1/10 ~ 1/3 of Multi-span
Greenhouse )。 ② Low running cost (no heating cost)。 ③ Ample light in CSG during day: Light intensity in CSG on
sunny days during winter in Beijing(40o N) is more than
400mmol/(m2∙s)(25,000lx) , which is higher Multi-span
Greenhouse.
④ CSG warms quickly in day , an hour earlier than no-heating
Multi-span Greenhouse; good thermal insulation 。 Indoor
temp. is well above than outdoor’s in both day and night.
⑤ Production of warm-season vegetable during winter is
capable under no-heating condition in 32°N~43°N.
Sunny days: In day highest indoor temperature is 25~30 oC higher
than outdoor’s; In night lowest indoor temperature is 18~20 oC
higher than outdoor’s
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8
( )时刻 时
(℃)
气温
室外气温
室内气温
25 ~30℃
18 ~ 20℃
Time(h)
Outdoor Temperature
Indoor Temperature
Air
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8
( )时刻 时
(℃)
气温
室外气温
室内气温
18 ~22℃
15 ~ 18℃
Cloud days: In day highest indoor temperature is 18~22
oC higher than outdoor’s; In night lowest indoor
temperature is 15~18 oC higher than outdoor’s
As for common Multi-span Greenhouse, even with good insulation
measures such as multilayer coverage , in night lowest indoor
temperature is only 6~8 oC higher than outdoor’s without heating.
Indoor Temperature
Outdoor Temperature Time(h)
Air
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
2.3 The recent development of CSG
1) Diversification of
Mode and Structure
Brick Wall CSG in Liaoning Province
Cob Wall CSG in Liaoning Province
Cob Wall CSG in Liaoning Province under construction
CSG in Beijing
Typical Brick Wall CSG
SN
8~10m0.5~0.8m
3~4m1~1.5m
Cover on South Surface
Back Roof
Thermal Quilt
North Wall
Insulation Material
Clay Brick
Thick Cob Wall Long-span Sinking CSG in Shandong Province
Thickness of the top of wall d2=1.5~3m
SN
Ridge Height Hj=4~5m
Thickness of the bottom of wall d1=4~8m Net Span
L=10~14m
Sinking depth of flooringHc=0.5~1.5m
Incline of Interior Wall
dq=0.2~1m
Wall Height Hq=3.5~4.5m
Thick Cob Wall Long-span Sinking CSG in Shandong Province
Thick Cob Wall Long-span Sinking CSG in Shandong Province
Thick Cob Wall Long-span Sinking CSG
in Shandong Province
Double-span CSG
Multi-span CSG
South and North double-span(sunny and shady type) CSG Sunny shed serves same purpose as common CSG. Shady shed has warming effect on the back wall. Due to the poor light conditions and low temp.(still higher than open field),shady shed is used to cultivate crops like edible mushroom, shade-loving leafy vegetable and flowers. Increase land use efficiency.
Sunny Shed
Shady Shed
South and North double-span
(sunny and shady type) CSG
Mountain (sloping field) CSG
Located in the south of slopes,
where is sunny and leeward.
(south by east or west <15o)
Advantages:
High land use efficiency.
Long sunlight time and good light
condition
Good heat insulation.
Mountain (sloping field) CSG in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province
2 ) Improve synthetical control ability of
CSG environment
Mechanical ventilation and cooling system
Sun-shading device
Vent opening control system
CO2 enrichment technology (straw biological
reactor et al.)
Soilless cultivation
Application of internet technology
Add mechanical ventilation , cooling and shading systems to lower indoor temperature in summer.
Electric vent opening device could improve the effect of environmental regulation and working efficiency.
Circulating Sponge Substrate Cultivation
Soilless cultivation in CSG
Organic Substrates Cultivation
3. Conclusion
Ministry of Agriculture
Academic board Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment
China Agriculture University
Key Laboratory of Farm building in Structure and Construction
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and waste Treatment of Agriculture Structure
Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Facility and intelligent control
Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest
Observation experiment stations of Protected Horticulture Engineering in NorthEast
Observation experiment stations of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Huanghuaihai
Observation experiment stations of Facility Cultivation Enginnering in South west
Professional (Regional) Key Laboratory Scientific observation experiment stations
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment
Main Researches:Main Researches:1. Development strategy and planning of protected
agriculture regional characteristic industry
2. Production technology mode innovation and
environmental control technology of protected agriculture
3. Security and standardization of agricultural facilities
structure
4. Production equipment and intelligent control technology of
protected agriculture
5. Energy Conservation and waste treatment of protected
agriculture
6. Protected horticulture engineering technology in northwest
area
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering
in Structure and Environment has been
committed to the development of protected
agriculture and industrial upgrading in China
, especially vegetable industry. Hope we
could work together for the rapid
development of China blueberry industry in
the future.
谢 谢Thanks