Welcome Back! The Final is Coming! 12/13/16

2. What organelle assists plants with producing their own food?

*Bonus: What are plants classified as since they can produce their own food?

1. The picture below depicts what level of organization?

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1A 3A 4A 2B 3B 4B

Unit Exams

Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 5 Average

Food Chain?

• Simplistic view of energy flow

• Linear path

• Lacks other possible pathways energy can be

passed.

Food Web?

• Realistic view of energy passage.

• Combines food chains.

Energy Pyramid

Primary Producer

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Tertiary Consumer

Quaternary Consumer

Energy Pyramid

Primary Producer

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Tertiary Consumer

Quaternary Consumer

100,000 J (Joules)

1 J (Joules)

10 J (Joules)

1,000 J (Joules)

100 J (Joules)

10,000 J (Joules)

Energy Pyramid: 10% Rule

Primary Producer

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Tertiary Consumer

Quaternary Consumer

100,000 J (Joules)

1 J (Joules)

10 J (Joules)

1,000 J (Joules)

100 J (Joules)

10,000 J (Joules)

Question of the day?

Answer

• There is not enough energy to maintain organisms at the top of the food chain.

• Energy is consumed by prior trophic (energy levels)

• Homeostasis has to be maintained.

Biomes• The Biosphere is

divided into regions called Biomes.

• Occupied by communities or ecosystems of plants and animals that share adaptations which promote survival.

Biome Types

•Tundra•Taiga •Desert•Grassland•Temperate Forest•Tropical Rainforest•Aquatic

Tundra • Characterized by permafrost

• Short growing season

•During the summer, the thawing topsoil supports a grassland type community

•Adaptations (Animals: White fur)

Taiga •Winters are cold, and

precipitation is in the form of snow.

•Are characterized by coniferous forests• Stays green all year round

Desert•Hot and dry. •Soil is sandy and nutrient poor•Growth of annual plants is limited

• Adaptations:• Water conserve

Grassland •Large terrains of grasses, flowers and herbs.

•Annual amount of rain is relatively high.

Temperate Forest

• Experiences cold winters and hot summers

• Large trees

• Extends in different parts of the northern and southern hemisphere

• It is where we live

Tropical Rain Forest

• High Rainfall

• Highest level of biodiversity

• Hot temperature all year

Aquatic Biomes

Fresh•Lakes, ponds, rivers

•Roughly 2% of the world’s water

Salt•Oceans

•Divided into zones•Benthic (vegetation

cannot grow)• Littoral- supports

plant life

Host Symbiont

Parasitism

Mutualism

Commensalism

Commensalism •The symbiont benefits and the host is neither helped nor harmed.•The symbiont benefits by receiving transportation, housing, and/or nutrition

In this photo the “cleaner fish”

receives nourishment by dining

off of the parasites and

remaining food debris in the

eel’s mouth. Is this an example

of…

PARASITISM

MUTUALISM

COMMENSALISM

Clownfish are frequently found in

the tentacles of sea anemones. Sea

anemones capture their prey by

paralyzing them with their

tentacles. However, the clownfish

produces a mucus that prevents

the tentacles from harming it. By

dwelling amongst the tentacles the

clownfish receives a protected

home. This relationship is an

example of …

PARASITISM MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM

The birds in the picture are

munching on tiny parasitic

insects located on the rhino.

The relationship between the

birds and the rhino is an

example of…

PARASITISM

MUTUALISM

COMMENSALISM

Lampreys are primitive fish with

limited digestive systems. They

attach to and feed on the body

fluids of fish with more advanced

digestive systems, often leading

to the death of the host fish. This

relationship is an example of…

PARASITISM

MUTUALISM

COMMENSALISM

Orchids grow on the branches

of high trees. These orchids

get more water and sunlight

than those on the ground. The

tree is unaffected by the

orchid’s presence. This

relationship is an example of…

PARASITISM

MUTUALISM

COMMENSALISM

What type of tropism is shown in these pictures?

How is Population Growth Predicted?

Exponential Growth

(aka “J-shaped” curve)

occurs when population growth

starts slow then increases

rapidly.

Logistic Growth

(aka “S-shaped” curve)

occurs when

population growth

reaches its carrying

capacity

due to limiting factors

and levels off.

Checkpoint #1• Q: What are the 2 types of succession?

• A :Primary and secondary

• Q: The first group of species to inhabit an area are _________ example_____.

• A: Pioneer species example lichen

• Q: What are the last group of species to inhabit an area?

• A: trees and grass

Checkpoint #21. An active volcano under the ocean erupts, and the build-up

of cooled lava eventually forms a new island. What type of succession will immediately occur on the newly formed island?

A. primary succession C. both primary & secondaryB. secondary succession D. no succession

2. A lack of food prevents further growth in a deer population. This is an example of a

A. range of tolerance C. phonic zoneB. limiting factor D. biome

3. When populations increase, resource depletion may result inA. exponential growth C. competition

B. straight-line growth D. increase in predators

Continued…4. Type of population growth that reaches carrying

capacity is called________.

A. demography C. logistic

B. exponential D. j- shaped

5. An example of a density dependent factor is __________.

A. disease C. weather

B. natural disaster D. seasonal cycles

6. An example of a pioneer specie would be_______.

A. pine trees C. maple trees

B. lichen D. shrub