WelcomWelcomee

WelcomWelcomee

Cairo UniversityFac. Vet. Med.

Paratuberculosis

in Egypt and Arab Area

(Infection &Economics)

Diea Abo El-Hassan

Head of Medicine & Infectious Diseases

Fac. Vet. Med. – Cairo University

• A chronic Incurable wasting bacterial infection of Ruminants caused by MAP.

• Affecting primarily the intestinal tract.

• Long incubation period: 2-5 Ys

• Discovered in 1895 by Johne

ParatuberculosisParatuberculosis

Mode of Transmission

Mode of Transmission

The organism is shed in:

• manure, semen, urine• milk & colostrum

transmission is Fecal –oral

utero transmission

The organism is shed in:

• manure, semen, urine• milk & colostrum

transmission is Fecal –oral

utero transmission

occurs in calf at an early age, but the

clinical disease occur usually after

two years of age

Infection rate of cattle with MAPInfection rate of cattle with MAP

in Europe 7 - 55%

In BovineIn USA

40%

in exam. bovine herds

In Australia 9 - 22 % in bovine

in Czech

25 % among Cattle herds

In Egypt 3

- %

40.%

In Bovine

Salem et al. ) 2005(Salem et al. ) 2005(

• 95% of infected cattle show NO Signs• 5% show chronic intermittent diarrhea•Clinical signs in animals > 2 years old

Herd signs:One animal with chronic diarrhea then another several months later.

Disease Picture

• malabsorbtion

•Anemia

•Weight loss

•Infertility

• Dicrease in the quality & quantity of milk yield

Naser, et al. )2000 ( described Crohn's

disease )CD( in human as a chronic inflammatory

and ulcerative bowel disease affect Ages 15 -

35 and similar to Johne's disease in ruminants

Losses depend on the infection rate within the herd:• $50.00/cow if one or more positive cows in the herd • $2oo.00 /cow if 10% of culled cattle had clinical signs of disease• Cost producers about one billion $ annually

Economics

Percent of Cows Testing Percent of Cows Testing Positive by LactationPositive by Lactation

Milk Production:Milk Production:Paratuberculosis Infected and Non-infected Paratuberculosis Infected and Non-infected

HerdsHerds

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

Governorate4

Governorate 3

Governorate 2

Governorate 1

Average Decline

Kg. of Milk per Year

Johne's Neg Johne's Pos

Diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis

Hematological and biochemical examinations

Direct stain of faecal and tissue samples

followed by molecular

confirmation )PCR(.

Faecal and tissue culturing

Cytokines

Detection

Control of MAP ProblemControl of MAP Problem

Efficient safe

vaccines

Accurate sensitive

diagnostic kits

Biosecurity & Efficient

supportive treatment

RequirRequir

Vaccintion is not useful in an animal already infected with the disease. Vaccination of calves about(1 month) of age reduce disease incidence but does not prevent shedding or new cases of infection in the herd

Seed strains of the vaccine should be of a prevalent type.

Vaccinated animals become reactive to TB testing

Effective vaccine need more research at this time.

Vaccintion is not useful in an animal already infected with the disease. Vaccination of calves about(1 month) of age reduce disease incidence but does not prevent shedding or new cases of infection in the herd

Seed strains of the vaccine should be of a prevalent type.

Vaccinated animals become reactive to TB testing

Effective vaccine need more research at this time.

Prof. Dr. Diea Abo ElhassanProf. Dr. Diea Abo Elhassan