Welcome, students.

Be prepared to spend the week in

HELL!

Watch video game clip “Inferno”

In your daybook, write a detailed, thoughtful response to the following prompts:

What people, places, and things do you associate with the words good and virtuous?

What people, places and things come to mind when you think about the words evil and immoral?

What representations of good and evil have you seen in books, movies, and television?

List at least three representations of good and three representations of evil.

Then pick the best one from each category to discuss in class.

Dante Alighieri, claims that before achieving moral redemption, an individual must take a hard look at evil both in the world and in himself. Only by confronting inner evil can people can achieve self-knowledge, which is the first step toward redemption.

Dante also says that people should not be expected to make their journey alone; they need a guide to help them.

For Dante’s own journey, as described in his book, he chose the poet Virgil to guide him through hell.

There’s that shadow archetype again . . .

Virgil (70 B.C-19 B.C), regarded as the greatest Roman poet, known for his epic, the Aeneid (written about 29 B.C.E), which had taken its literary model from Homer's epic poems Iliad and Odyssey.

Virgil was born on October 15, 70 B.C.E., in a small village near Mantua in Northern Italy.

Augustus Caesar pressed Virgil to write of the glory of Rome under his sway. Thus the remaining time of his life, from 30 to 19 B.C., Virgil devoted to the composition of The Aeneid, the national epic of Rome, to glory the Empire. Although ambitious, Virgil was never really happy about the task; it was like performing a religious and political duty.

Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita A mi ritrovai per una selva oscura, B che la dirritta via era smarrita. A Ahi quanto a dir qual era e cosa dura B esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte C che nel pensier rinova la paura! B Tant’ e amara che poco e piu morte; C ma per trattar del ben ch’I’ vi trovai, D diro de l’altre cose ch’I v v’ho scorte. C Io non so ben ridir com’ I’ v’intrai, D tant era pien di sonno a quell punto E che la verace via abbandonai. D

(When I had journeyed half of our life’s way,I found myself within a shadowed forest,for I had lost the path that does not stray.Ah, it is hard to speak of what it was,that savage forest, dense and difficult,which even in recall renews my fear:so bitter—death is hardly more severe!But to retell the good discovered there,I’ll also tell the other things I saw.I cannot clearly say how I had entered the wood; I was so full of sleep just atthe point where I abandoned the truth path).

Rhyme scheme: aba, bcb, cdc, ded

To tell his story, Dante (Alighieri, 1265-1321) adapted the rhythmic rhyme scheme of Dante used the melodic vowel word-endings of many Italian words in the rhyme scheme "terza rime," in which first and the third lines of each triplet end in the same sound.

Terza Rima [tert-suh ree-muh]

Canto

principal divisions of a long poem. [Italian, from Latin cantus, song]

 It is divided into 3 sections: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso.

Each one of these sections is divided into 33 cantos (except Inferno, which has 34 cantos),

which are written in tercets (groups of 3 lines). The number 3 in Dante's time was significant because

it was considered holy--since the Father (God), Son (Jesus), and Holy Ghost comprise the Trinity. 

Take the test at http://www.4degreez.com/misc/dante-inferno-test.mv

My level of Hell . . .

Sixth Level of Hell - The City of Dis You approach Satan's wretched city where you behold a wide plain surrounded by iron walls. Before you

are fields full of distress and torment terrible. Burning tombs are littered about the landscape. Inside these flaming sepulchers suffer the heretics, failing to believe in God and the afterlife, who make themselves audible by doleful sighs. You will join the wicked that lie here, and will be offered no respite. The three infernal Furies stained with blood, with limbs of women and hair of serpents, dwell in this circle of Hell.

Here is how you matched up against all the levels:

Level Who are sent there? Score Purgatory Repenting Believers Very Low Level 1 – Limbo Virtuous Non-Believers High Level 2 Lustful Moderate Level 3 Gluttonous High Level 4 Prodigal and Avaricious Very Low Level 5 Wrathful and Gloomy High Level 6 - The City of Dis Heretics Very High Level 7 Violent Moderate Level 8- the Malebolge Fraudulent, Malicious, Panderers Moderate Level 9 – Cocytus Treacherous Low

Dante’s Dante’s InfernoInferno

An exciting journey through An exciting journey through

all the circles of Hellall the circles of Hell

Abandon all hope, ye who enter hereAbandon all hope, ye who enter here

“Hell has enlarged its soul and opened its mouth without any limits.”

- Isaiah 5:14

Three Types of Sin Three Types of Sin (Dante Alighieri)

Incontinence (Level 1)(Level 1)Lack of self control

Violence (Level 2)(Level 2)Conscious violation of God’s willwill

Fraudulent and Traitorous (Level 3)(Level 3)Using reason and intellect as a weapon

VESTIBULEVESTIBULE: Neutrals and Opportunists, : Neutrals and Opportunists, indecisive, no real beliefs, those who don’t indecisive, no real beliefs, those who don’t choose sides choose sides

CIRCLE #1—LIMBOCIRCLE #1—LIMBO: Virtuous Pagans : Virtuous Pagans and Unbaptized Babies and Unbaptized Babies

CIRCLE #2CIRCLE #2: Carnal and Lustful : Carnal and Lustful

CIRCLE #3CIRCLE #3: Gluttons : Gluttons

CIRCLE #4CIRCLE #4: Hoarders and Wasters : Hoarders and Wasters CIRCLE #5CIRCLE #5: Wrathful and Sullen or : Wrathful and Sullen or SlothfulSlothful

The First Circle

Limbo

Virtuous pagans & Virtuous pagans & unbaptized infantsunbaptized infants

Homer, Socrates and Homer, Socrates and PlatoPlato

““Only so far afflicted Only so far afflicted that without hope” they that without hope” they “live in desire” “live in desire” (4.42)(4.42)

The Second CircleThe Second Circle

The LustfulThe Lustful

Minos sits in judgmentMinos sits in judgment

Blown about forever by stormy winds Blown about forever by stormy winds just as, in life, they were blown about just as, in life, they were blown about by the winds of passionby the winds of passion

Paolo and Paolo and FrancescaFrancesca

lust lust and the and the

false God false God of Loveof Love

Circle TwoCircle Two

The Third CircleThe Third CircleThe Gluttons

Guarded by CerberusGuarded by Cerberus

Wallow in mud and muckWallow in mud and muck

Besieged by hail & filthy waterBesieged by hail & filthy water

The Third CircleThe Third Circle

The avaricious and the The avaricious and the prodigal prodigal

Avaricious (Avaricious (greedygreedy) )

Prodigal (Prodigal (wasteful)wasteful)

Useless LaborUseless Labor

The FourThe Fourthth Circle Circle

The Fifth CircleThe Fifth Circle

The Wrathful, Sullen, or SlothfulThe Wrathful, Sullen, or Slothful

Attacking one anotherAttacking one another

City of DisBoundary between upper and lower Hell.

CIRCLE #6CIRCLE #6: Heretics : Heretics

CIRCLE #7.1CIRCLE #7.1: Violence Against Neighbors : Violence Against Neighbors CIRCLE #7.2CIRCLE #7.2: Violence Against Oneself : Violence Against Oneself (Forest of the Suicides) (Forest of the Suicides)

CIRCLE #7.3.1CIRCLE #7.3.1: Violence Against God : Violence Against God CIRCLE #7.3.2CIRCLE #7.3.2: Violence Against Nature : Violence Against Nature (Homosexuals) (Homosexuals)

CIRCLE #7.3.3CIRCLE #7.3.3: Violence Against Art: Violence Against Art

MALABOLGIAMALABOLGIA

Descent into Descent into lower Hell:lower Hell:

Circle 6:Circle 6:HeresyHeresy

atheists & Non-believersatheists & Non-believersin the afterlifein the afterlife

Circle Circle 7:

ViolenViolenceceagainst Godagainst God, his, his creation creations,s,

and selfand self

Piero delle Piero delle vignevigneViolViolenceence

AgaAgainstinstSeSelflf

Forest Forest of the of the

suicidessuicides

The The SodomitesSodomites

violence against nature violence against nature

male homosexualitymale homosexuality

Ugolino and Ugolino and RuggieriRuggieri

VioViolencelence

MmmmMmmm……(smack) (slurp)(smack) (slurp)Deee-licious!Deee-licious!

The MalbolgeThe Malbolge““Bad Pockets”Bad Pockets”

Entry to lowest levels Entry to lowest levels of Hell – for those of Hell – for those who use their God-who use their God-given intellect to given intellect to distort the truth:distort the truth:• FraudFraud• TreacheryTreachery

Circle 8: FraudCircle 8: Fraud CIRCLE #8.1CIRCLE #8.1: Pimps, Panderers, and Seducers : Pimps, Panderers, and Seducers CIRCLE #8.2CIRCLE #8.2: Flatterers : Flatterers CIRCLE #8.3CIRCLE #8.3: Simonists (Users of the Church) : Simonists (Users of the Church) CIRCLE #8.4CIRCLE #8.4: Fortunetellers and Soothsayers : Fortunetellers and Soothsayers CIRCLE #8.5CIRCLE #8.5: Grafters : Grafters CIRCLE #8.6CIRCLE #8.6: Hypocrites : Hypocrites CIRCLE #8.7CIRCLE #8.7: Thieves : Thieves CIRCLE #8.8CIRCLE #8.8: Evil Counselors and Deceivers : Evil Counselors and Deceivers CIRCLE #8.9CIRCLE #8.9: Sowers of Discord/Scandal/Schism : Sowers of Discord/Scandal/Schism CIRCLE #8.10CIRCLE #8.10: Falsifiers: Falsifiers

CIRCLE #8.1CIRCLE #8.1: Pimps, Panderers, and Seducers: Pimps, Panderers, and Seducerspan·der·er n. 1. A sexual procurer.2. One who caters to or exploits the lower tastes and desires of others.

CIRCLE #8.2CIRCLE #8.2: Flatterers: Flatterers

The The SimonistsSimonists

CIRCLE #8.3CIRCLE #8.3::

CIRCLE #8.4CIRCLE #8.4: Fortunetellers and Soothsayers: Fortunetellers and Soothsayers

CIRCLE #8.5CIRCLE #8.5: Grafters: Grafters

“the acquisition of gain (as money) in dishonest or questionable ways; also:

illegal or unfair gain”

CIRCLE #8.6CIRCLE #8.6: Hypocrites: Hypocrites

CIRCLE #8.7CIRCLE #8.7: Thieves: Thieves

CIRCLE #8.8CIRCLE #8.8: Evil Counselors and Deceivers: Evil Counselors and Deceivers

CIRCLE #8.9CIRCLE #8.9: Sowers of Discord/Scandal/Schism: Sowers of Discord/Scandal/Schism

UlyssesUlysses

CIRCLE #8.10CIRCLE #8.10:: FalsifiersFalsifiers

traitorstraitors

CassiusCassius BrutusBrutus

JudasJudas

CIRCLE #9.1 - CAINACIRCLE #9.1 - CAINA: : Treachery to KindredTreachery to Kindred

CIRCLE #9.2 - ANTENORACIRCLE #9.2 - ANTENORA: : Treachery to Treachery to Country or Political Party Country or Political Party

CIRCLE #9.3 - TOLOMEACIRCLE #9.3 - TOLOMEA: : Treachery to Guests Treachery to Guests

CIRCLE #9.4 - JUDECCACIRCLE #9.4 - JUDECCA: : Treachery to Lords or Treachery to Lords or Superiors Superiors

LOWEST LEVEL OF HELLLOWEST LEVEL OF HELL: : The worst of those The worst of those who betrayed their benefactors who betrayed their benefactors

~Satan, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius ~Satan, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius (Macbeth?)(Macbeth?)

Stephen in a Hell of his own making

Where do you fit in?

http://http://www.4degreez.com/www.4degreez.com/misc/dante-inferno-misc/dante-inferno-test.mvtest.mv

Take the test and find out… if you DARE