Welcome to 3.091Lecture 26

November 13, 2009

Acids and Bases

Antoine Lavoisier andMarie-Anne-Pierrette Paulze

by Jean-Louis David1788

8 x 10-7

8 x 10-7

6 x 10-7

6 x 10-7

4 x 10-7

4 x 10-7

2 x 10-7

2 x 10-7

1 x 10-7

1 x 10-7

[OH

_ ] (m

ol\L

)

[H3O+] (mol/L)

Basic solution ([OH_] > [H3O+])

Acidic solution ([H3O+] > [OH_])

Neutral solution [H3O+] = [OH_]

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

20 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH(_log[H3O+])

pOH

(_lo

g[O

H_ ])

Acidic (pH<7, pOH>7)

(pH=pOH=7)

Basic (pH>7, pOH<7)

Neutral

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.

Figure 4.15

Averill, B., and P. Eldredge. Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, andApplications. Flat World Knowledge, 2011. ISBN: 9781453331224.

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.

7.1 x 10-37.2 x 10-47.5 x 10-41.8 x 10-51.0 x 10-74.5 x 10-77.3 x 10-101.8 x 10-16

H3PO4

HFCitric acidCH3CO2HH2SH2CO3

H3BO3

3 x 1091 x 1091 x 1081 x 1061 x 10355289.6

HIHBrHCIO4

HCIH2SO4

H3O+HNO3

H2CrO4

Weak Acids

Strong Acids

Common acids and their acid dissociation equilibrium constants for the loss of one proton

Acid Dissociation Equilibrium Constant Ka

H2O

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. After Spencer, Bodner, and Rickard,Chemistry: Structure and Dynamics (Wiley, 2003).

HF HCl HBr HI< < <567 431 366 299

ACID STRENGTH

H-A BOND STRENGTH (kJ/mol)

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Figure 4.17

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.

(gas)

(solid)

Public domain image, from National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP).

Image removed due to copyright restrictions. Promotional poster for Djerassi, C., and R. Hoffman. Oxygen: A Play in 2 Acts. Wiley-VCH, 2001. ISBN: 9783527304134.

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3.091SC Introduction to Solid State ChemistryFall 2009

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