welcome to antarctica: informational text

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Text by E. Kissner Have you ever wanted to go to Antarctica? It’s not an easy trip. Antarctica is the coldest, windiest place on earth. But for the brave people who go there each year, it is a destination like no other. What is it like to go to this cold and icy continent? Getting to Antarctica First of all, don’t expect a hotel or a theme park. No one really lives in Antarctica. Many countries have research stations there, but the scientists and the staff members spend only a few months at a time on the frozen land. So there are few tourist attractions besides penguins, researchers, and lots and lots of ice. One way to get to Antarctica is by boat. The Southern Ocean is rough and choppy, and many people get seasick. The waters around Antarctica are filled with ice, which means that a ship has to be very strong! The voyage by sea may take as long as one week. People have traveled around Antarctica by airplane since 1929. Some planes have skis on the bottom so that they can land on the ice. In 2008, the country of Australia built an airport in Antarctica. This makes travel much easier for scientists and researchers! But this airport is open for only a few months each year—October through May, Antarctica’s warmest months. And it’s only open to scientists and other staff. Which means that one of the best ways to get to Antarctica is to get a job there! Many scientists work at research stations across the continent. But there are other jobs too. Cooks, doctors, mechanics, and plumbers are all needed. And a few artists, writers, and photographers are invited each year as well. Ships that go to Antarctica need to have strong hulls. This ship, the Nathaniel B. Palmer, is an icebreaking vessel. It can actually break the ice as it moves through the ocean around Antarctica! NOAA photo Welcome to Antarctica

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Page 1: Welcome to Antarctica: Informational Text

Text  by  E.  Kissner  

 

Have  you  ever  wanted  to  go  to  Antarctica?  It’s  not  an  easy  trip.  Antarctica  is  the  coldest,  windiest  place  on  earth.  But  for  the  brave  people  who  go  there  each  year,  it  is  a  destination  like  no  other.  What  is  it  like  to  go  to  this  cold  and  icy  continent?    Getting  to  Antarctica  

First  of  all,  don’t  expect  a  hotel  or  a  theme  park.  No  one  really  lives  in  Antarctica.  Many  countries  have  research  stations  there,  but  the  scientists  and  the  staff  members  spend  only  a  few  months  at  a  time  on  the  frozen  land.  So  there  are  few  tourist  attractions  besides  penguins,  researchers,  and  lots  and  lots  of  ice.    

One  way  to  get  to  Antarctica  is  by  boat.  The  Southern  Ocean  is  rough  and  choppy,  and  many  people  get  seasick.  The  waters  around  Antarctica  are  filled  with  ice,  which  means  that  a  ship  has  to  be  very  strong!  The  voyage  by  sea  may  take  as  long  as  one  week.  

People  have  traveled  around  Antarctica  by  airplane  since  1929.  Some  planes  have  skis  on  the  bottom  so  that  they  can  land  on  the  ice.  In  2008,  the  country  of  Australia  built  an  airport  in  Antarctica.  This  makes  travel  much  easier  for  scientists  and  researchers!  But  this  airport  is  open  for  only  a  few  months  each  year—October  through  May,  Antarctica’s  warmest  months.  And  it’s  only  open  to  scientists  and  other  staff.    

Which  means  that  one  of  the  best  ways  to  get  to  Antarctica  is  to  get  a  job  there!  Many  scientists  work  at  research  stations  across  the  continent.  But  there  are  other  jobs  too.  Cooks,  doctors,  mechanics,  and  plumbers  are  all  needed.  And  a  few  artists,  writers,  and  photographers  are  invited  each  year  as  well.  

Ships  that  go  to  Antarctica  need  to  have  strong  hulls.  This  ship,  the  Nathaniel  B.  Palmer,  is  an  ice-­‐breaking  vessel.  It  can  actually  break  the  ice  as  it  moves  through  the  ocean  around  Antarctica!  

NOAA  photo  

Welcome to Antarctica

Page 2: Welcome to Antarctica: Informational Text

Text  by  E.  Kissner  

   Where  to  stay  

If  there  are  no  hotels  or  houses,  where  do  people  live?  Each  research  station  has  its  own  dormitory.  A  dormitory  is  a  place  for  people  to  stay.  No  fancy  rooms  here—most  dorm  rooms  have  only  a  bed,  a  dresser,  and  a  desk.  People  usually  share  rooms.  

Research  stations  are  heated  and  comfortable.  While  they’re  not  working,  scientists  and  staff  can  relax  in  the  lounge,  play  games,  or  use  the  computer.  Many  researchers  also  enjoy  exploring  the  outdoors  around  the  stations.  In  some  places,  they  can  see  penguins,  seals,  and  killer  whales.  

Because  it  never  rains,  water  is  hard  to  come  by.  In  some  research  stations,  people  use  a  process  to  turn  seawater  into  drinking  water.  In  other  research  stations,  workers  melt  snow  to  collect  water.  No  wonder  that  people  living  in  Antarctica  are  only  allowed  to  take  showers  once  per  week!  

 What  to  wear  

What  should  you  wear?  Many  visitors  are  provided  with  survival  clothing  that  they  keep  with  them  whenever  they  go  outdoors.  Survival  gear  includes  heavy  gloves,  goggles,  and  coats.  Most  clothing  is  bright  orange,  yellow,  or  red  so  that  people  are  easy  to  spot  on  the  white  snow.  Special  boots  have  spikes  to  make  it  easier  to  walk  on  ice.  But  don’t  get  too  attached  to  the  new  clothes.  They  need  to  be  returned  when  you  leave.  

Surprisingly,  sunglasses  and  sunscreen  are  important  for  working  in  Antarctica.  The  sun’s  reflection  on  the  snow  can  cause  a  condition  called  snow  blindness.  The  bright  light  can  actually  make  you  blind  for  a  day  or  two.  Many  people  bring  several  pairs  of  sunglasses,  and  take  very  good  care  of  them.  After  all,  there  are  no  stores  for  a  long,  long  way!  

These  are  some  of  the  dormitories  at  McMurdo  Station.  

photo  by  Alan  R.  Light  

Page 3: Welcome to Antarctica: Informational Text

Text  by  E.  Kissner  

 What  to  do  

Researchers  in  Antarctica  are  there  to  study  many  subjects.  At  the  coastal  research  stations,  scientists  are  learning  about  the  animals  of  Antarctica,  such  as  penguins  and  skuas.  Others  study  the  ocean  to  learn  more  about  the  odd  creatures  that  live  there.  After  all,  where  else  can  you  find  sea  spiders  and  carnivorous  sponges?  

No  animals  live  at  the  South  Pole,  far  away  from  the  coast.  Scientists  there  study  the  skies  instead.  Some  research  our  atmosphere,  while  others  use  powerful  telescopes  to  study  the  sky.  One  project,  called  Ice  Cube,  uses  the  ice  of  Antarctica  to  help  observe  tiny  particles  called  neutrinos.  

At  all  of  the  research  stations,  scientists  are  monitoring  global  temperatures.  Antarctica  seems  to  be  rapidly  warming  up.  By  watching  the  skies  around  Antarctica,  scientists  can  learn  more  about  climate  change.  

 A  trip  to  Antarctica  can  be  difficult  and  cold.  For  the  scientists  and  

workers  who  have  been  there,  however,  Antarctica  is  an  amazing  place.    

Researchers  study  ice  cores  that  they  have  drilled  in  Antarctica.  Studying  these  cores  helps  them  to  learn  about  climate  change.  

photo  by  Michael  van  Woert,  NOAA    

Page 4: Welcome to Antarctica: Informational Text

Text  by  E.  Kissner  

More  informational  texts  by  Emily  Kissner    I  write  low-­‐cost,  high-­‐interest  texts  for  classroom  use.  Here  are  some  other  collections  of  my  work:    Main  Ideas  and  Details  in  Nonfiction  Text    Cause  and  Effect  Texts  for  Teaching  Text  Structure    Description  Texts  for  Teaching  Text  Structure    Compare  and  Contrast  Texts  for  Teaching  Text  Structure    Problem  and  Solution  Texts  for  Teaching  Text  Structure    Chronological  Order  Texts  for  Teaching  Text  Structure    Reading  Intervention      Emily’s  page  on  Frolyc