welcome to ap physics c! 3-ring binder (with sections) warm ups notes homework quizzes and tests...
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Welcome to AP Physics C!
3-Ring Binder (with sections)
Warm upsNotesHomeworkQuizzes and
TestsLabsAP Reviews
Also, AP C Lab book Calculator Formula Cards
DefinitionsoParticle:
o Has position, but not volume.
oPosition of a particle:o A point; i.e. (x) or (x,y) or (x,y,z)
o Distance:o Length of path traveled by particle.
o Displacement:o Change in position (x = x2 – x1)
A
B
50 mdisplacement
100 m
distance
Distance vs Displacement
Average Speed
save = d/twhere:
s is speed
d is distance
t is elapsed time
Average Velocity
vave = ∆x/ ∆t
where:
vave is average velocity
∆x is displacement (x2-x1)
∆t is elapsed time (t2-t1)
Instantaneous velocity
The velocity of a particle at an exact instant of
time.
Average Velocity
t
x
Vave = x/t, or the slope of the line connecting A and B.
A
B
xt
Average Velocity
t
x
Vave = x/t; still determined by the slope of the line connecting A and B.
ABx
t
Instantaneous Velocity
t
x
Determined by the slope of the tangent to a curve at a single point.
B
Acceleration
•Speeding up
•Slowing down.
•Turning.
•Has magnitude and direction.
Average Acceleration
•Net change in velocity during time interval.
aave = v/tv: change in velocityt: change in time
Instantaneous Acceleration
oAcceleration at a particular instant of time
oSlope of tangent line to a velocity-time curve
Acceleration from Graph
t
v
Average acceleration is represented by the slope of a line connecting two points on a v/t graph.
Instantaneous acceleration is represented by the slope of a tangent to the curve on a v/t graph.
Acceleration from Graph
t
x
Instantaneous acceleration is negative where curve is concave down
Instantaneous acceleration is positive where curve is concave up
Instantaneous acceleration is zero where slope is constant
Instantaneous Velocity
Instantaneous velocity is the limit of x/t as t approaches zero.
v = lim (x/t)
t0
Instantaneous Velocity
v = dx/dtdx/dt is referred to as the derivative of position with respect to time.
Evaluating DerivativesIf
x = Atn
thenv = dx/dt = (A)(n)tn-
1
Instantaneous Acceleration
•Acceleration at a specific point in time.
a = dv/dtdv/dt is referred to as the derivative of velocity with respect to time.
Derivatives
•Slope of tangent line on graph
•x,t graph v
•v,t graph a
Integrals
•Area under curve on graph
•a,t graph v
•v,t graph x
Estimate the net change in velocity from 0 s to 4.0 s
a (m/s)
1.0
t (s)2.0 4.0
-1.0
Estimate the net displacement from 0 s to 4.0 s
v (m/s)
2.0
t (s)2.0 4.0
Kinematic Equations
•v = vo + at
•x = xo + vot + ½ at2
•v2 = vo2
+ 2a(x-xo)
Summary:Constant position graphs
x
t
Positionvs
time
v
t
Velocityvs
time
a
t
Accelerationvs
time
Summary:Constant velocity graphs
x
t
Positionvs
time
v
t
Velocityvs
time
a
t
Accelerationvs
time
Summary:Constant acceleration graphs
x
t
Positionvs
time
v
t
Velocityvs
time
a
t
Accelerationvs
time
Basic equations
v = vo + at
x = xo + vot + 1/2 at2
v2 = vo2 + 2a(∆x)