Welcome to EngrD 2190 -Chemical Process Design & Analysis

Professor T. M. Duncan

The Robert Frederick Smith Schoolof Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering

Today:Course Content

Course ObjectivesCourse Organization

Chemical EngineeringCore Concepts

Mass, Energy, and Economic Balances

Transport Phenomena - Heat & Mass Transfer

Chemical Thermodynamics

Chemical Kinetics

The Chemical Engineering Curriculum

The Progression of Topicsin the Chemical Engineering Core Curriculum

Mathematics & ScienceCalculusPhysicsChemistryBiology

FundamentalsFreshman and

Sophomore Years

Engineering SciencesMass & Energy BalancesFluid MechanicsChemical Thermodynamics Chemical Kinetics

Engineering ToolsSophomore and

Junior Years

Chemical Process UnitsHeat & Mass TransferSeparation ProcessesChemical Reactor DesignUnit Operations Laboratory

Building Blocksof Chemical Processes

Junior Year

Chemical ProcessesProcess DesignOptimization & Control

Chemical ProcessesSenior Year

EngrD 2190 Prerequisites• Freshman Engineering Curriculum: an EngrI,

Math 1910, Math 1920, Phys 1112, Intro to CS,and a year of general chemistry.

• EngrD 2190 cannot be taken concurrentlywith EngrI 1120.

• If you intend to major in chemical engineering, you should also be enrolled in Chem 3890.

“The scientist describes what is.The engineer creates what never was.”

Theordore von Karman (1881-1963)

Engineering

“Where noble, semi-skilled laborersexecute the visions

of those who think and dream.”

“Hello Oompah-Loompahs of Science.”

Sheldon Cooper, PhD.

Chemical Engineersdesign and analyze

processesbased on chemical change

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineersdesign and analyze

processes based on chemical and biomolecular change

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineersdesign and analyze

processes and productsbased on chemical and biomolecular change

Traditional Chemical Engineeringbulk chemicals and processes

• Petroleum products - fuels, oils, chemicals

• Polymers - plastics, synthetic elastics, synthetic fibers

• Fertilizers - ammonia, phosphates, nitrates

• Energy - power plants

• Antibiotics - penicillin, polio vaccine

The World’s EnergyEnergy Reserves Energy Resources

95% of the world’s coal is inaccessible

Half the World’s Coal is in the U.S.

Underground Coal Gasificationcoal (C2nHn) + H2O(g) CO +

45 H2

kJ/mol90

kJ/mol100

0rxn

0rxn

G

H

Must burn some coal to drive the reaction.

coal + O2 CO2 + H2O

kJ/mol400

kJ/mol400

0rxn

0rxn

G

H

endothermic

not spontaneous

exothermic

spontaneous

Underground Coal Gasification

building blocksbuilding blocks crystalscrystals

Contemporary Chemical Engineeringspecialty chemicals and processes

• Electronics - semiconductors, photolithographiccoatings, device encapsulation

• Biochemical - therapeutic proteins, diagnostic enzymes,monoclonal antibodies

• Biomedical - artificial organs, diagnostics, drug delivery• Nanochemical Systems – chemical analysis and detection,

chemical screening, power sources • Pollution Control - catalytic converters, waste minimization

• Sustainable Engineering - life cycle design and analysis, recycling, energy - new sources and new carriers

• Energy - fuel cells

Chemical EngineeringCore Concepts

Mass, Energy, and Economic Balances

Transport Phenomena - Heat & Mass Transfer

Chemical Thermodynamics

Chemical Kinetics

EngrD 2190 - Chemical Process Design & Analysis - Course Objectives

OverallTo introduce chemical process design and analysis.

Engineering SkillsTo design a chemical or biomolecular process by the following steps:

define the real problemgenerate ideascreate a designanalyze the design.

To analyze a chemical or biomolecular process with three methods:

mathematical modelinggraphical modelingdimensional analysis / dynamic scaling.

Analyzing Designs

Mathematical Modeling“To subordinate the phenomena of nature

to the laws of mathematics” Isaac Newton

Si

HCl (gas)

H2 SiHCl3 (liquid)

gases: SiH4 SiH3Cl SiH2Cl2

reactor(Sieman's process)

condenser35°C

condenser30°C

miscellaneouschlorides

reactor(chlorinator)

reactor(electric arc furnace)

2000°C

coalsandO2mixer

Si (liquid)coal

sand

O2 COH2O (gas)

gases: SiH4 SiH3Cl SiH2Cl2 SiHCl3

liquids: SiCl4 AlCl3 FeCl2 FeCl3

HCl

Rate of Silicon Production = ...

Energy Consumption = ...

Return on Investment = ...

Graphical AnalysisExample: Mixtures of Water and Ammonia

0

0.5

1

0 0.5 1

0

0.5

1

0 0.5 1

1

2

3

45

67

8 9

ammonia fractionin the vapor

ammonia fraction in the liquid

Dynamic Scaling(Dimensional Analysis)

largeproposed system

smallworking model

scale-up

microproposed system

smallworking model

scale-down

EngrD 2190 - Chemical Process Design & Analysis - Course Objectives

OverallTo introduce chemical process design and analysis.

Engineering SkillsTo design a chemical or biomolecular process by the following steps:

define the real problemgenerate ideascreate a designanalyze the design.

To analyze a chemical or biomolecular process with three methods:

mathematical modelinggraphical modelingdimensional analysis / dynamic scaling.

Learning SkillsTo know your natural learning style, to recognize the learning style of apresentation or document, and to translate into your preferred learning style.For example, visual vs. verbal, active vs. reflective.

3 x 5 Card

David Caughey

DAY-vid KOY

Dave

ChemE

Professor Bland

ChemESeniors

KAH-dan-awH-wong

SIR-oh-tuhleh-VEEN

First 5 minutes are key!

Late? Use back door.

Homework protocols to be announced later.

In the hallway on the first floor,directly across from 120 Olin Hall,the ChemE Business Office.

4 weeks hence!6 weeks later!2 weeks later!

NOT Canvas

Read “Frequently Asked Questions” and “Advice from EngrD 2190 Sophomores - Fall 2016” “Advice from EngrD 2190 Sophomores - Fall 2017” “Advice from EngrD 2190 Sophomores - Fall 2018” and “Advice from EngrD 2190 Sophomores - Fall 2019”

Course Organization

Lectures MWF 9:05 - 9:55 a.m.

Material to complement the textbook. Example applicationsof the textbook concepts.

Calculation Sessions Wednesday 2:40 - 4:35 p.m.

Work exercises in ad hoc teams of four. Exercises are typicallydesign and will be similar to the current homework assignment.Solutions will be presented in class and posted at the course homepage.

Weekly Homework

Work exercises in assigned in teams of three.Submit one solution per team.

If you donot submit

a questionnaire,you will workindependently

Due nextWednesdaySeptember 1

afterCalculation

Session

Potentialteammates

must submityour name.

Updates postedat course homepage

Reading forMonday’slecture

“I have had the privilege of being a Cornell graduate with a degree in engineering. I credit much to my career success to being an engineer by training. Engineers solve problems and fix things.”

“Chemical Engineers are just like regular people … only smarter.”