welcome to rt 210: introduction to applied respiratory therapeutics instructor: ms. k. walker, bs,...

Welcome to RT 210:Welcome to RT 210:Introduction to Applied Introduction to Applied

Respiratory TherapeuticsRespiratory Therapeutics

Instructor: Ms. K. Walker, BS, Instructor: Ms. K. Walker, BS, RRTRRT

Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Organizations Organizations

AssociationsAssociations AARC – American Assn. for Respiratory AARC – American Assn. for Respiratory

CareCare Promotes ProfessionPromotes Profession Respiratory Care and AARC magazinesRespiratory Care and AARC magazines Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG’s)Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG’s) Governmental representationGovernmental representation

State Society for Respiratory Care (FSRC)State Society for Respiratory Care (FSRC) EducationEducation NewslettersNewsletters


Associations (cont)Associations (cont) NBRC – National Board for Respiratory NBRC – National Board for Respiratory

CareCare Testing – National exams accepted by most Testing – National exams accepted by most

states for licensure states for licensure Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT)Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT) Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT)Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT)

CoARC – Committee on Accreditation for CoARC – Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory CareRespiratory Care

Accreditation of RT schoolsAccreditation of RT schools


Groups that affect healthcareGroups that affect healthcare Insurance CompaniesInsurance Companies Government MedicareGovernment Medicare Consumer Groups Ex: AARPConsumer Groups Ex: AARP

Hospital OrganizationHospital Organization

AdmittingAdmitting Billing and AccountsBilling and Accounts Radiology / X-raysRadiology / X-rays NursingNursing Laboratory (culture, urinalysis, blood Laboratory (culture, urinalysis, blood

counts)counts) EducationEducation Engineering / Repair and maintenanceEngineering / Repair and maintenance

Hospital OrganizationHospital Organization

HousekeepingHousekeeping Nuclear MedicineNuclear Medicine DietaryDietary PharmacyPharmacy Physical TherapyPhysical Therapy

Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Department Organization Department Organization

Medical DirectorMedical Director Responsible for clinical function of departmentResponsible for clinical function of department

Administrative DirectorAdministrative Director SupervisorsSupervisors SecretarySecretary Equipment PersonnelEquipment Personnel Education CoordinatorEducation Coordinator Therapist/Registered & CertifiedTherapist/Registered & Certified

Hospital AdministrationHospital Administration

Board of DirectorsBoard of Directors Medical DirectorMedical Director Department Directors & ManagersDepartment Directors & Managers

Triage (order of care) Triage (order of care)

CPRCPR CMVCMV ICU CareICU Care ERER Postoperative carePostoperative care O2 and aerosol therapyO2 and aerosol therapy IPPBIPPB CPT and ISCPT and IS Diagnostic studiesDiagnostic studies

Diagnostic Therapy Diagnostic Therapy vs. Clinical Therapyvs. Clinical Therapy

Diagnostic Therapy Diagnostic Therapy Clinical TherapyClinical Therapy Principals of code bluePrincipals of code blue

Medical Terminology and Medical Terminology and Abbreviations Abbreviations

Root Words + Combining FormRoot Words + Combining Form Prefixes: Begin WordPrefixes: Begin Word Suffixes: After RootSuffixes: After Root Combine Suffixes, Prefixes And Combine Suffixes, Prefixes And

Roots Roots

Medical Terminology and Medical Terminology and

AbbreviationsAbbreviations

Root + Combining Form

Gastr + o = stomachCardi + o = heartDerm + o = skinPneum + o = airPleur + o = lung liningTrach + e = tracheaAbdomin + o = abdomenAden + o = glandsHem + a/o = bloodCost + o = ribsCyt + o = cells


Root + Combining Form

Vas + o = vesselBi + o = lifeThorax + a = chestBronch + o = bronchusMyo = muscleMyco = fungusCyan +o = blueFebrile = feverAerobic = in the

presence of O2


Prefixes: Begin Word

A-, An- negativeAB awayDi twoEx out ofIntra insideInfra beneath Inter betweenMacro large Mal abnormal Mega largeMicro smallNeo newOrtho to correctSub below

Trans throughContraagainstHyper aboveHypo below Tachy fast Brady slow

Medical Terminology and Medical Terminology and Abbreviations Abbreviations Suffixes: After Root

Algia pain–ectomy removal–gen agent–oma tumor–penia lack–ostomy opening–otomy cutting–itisinflammation–ology study–gram tracing –graph record–pnea breathing


Combine Suffixes, Prefixes And Roots

Tracheostomy tracheal openingTracheotomy tracheal surgeryAdenoma gland tumorPleuralgia pleural painBronchitis inflammation of the bronchiTachypnea fast breathingBradycardia heart less than 60 beats/min Hypertrophy an increase in sizeAtrophy wasting away

Medical Terminology and Medical Terminology and AbbreviationsAbbreviations

Directional Terms

Left: To the subject’s left … not YOUR leftRight: To the subject’s right … not YOUR rightLateral: Toward the sideMedial: Towards the middleAnterior: Toward the front of the bodyPosterior: Toward the back of the bodySuperior: Toward the top of the bodyInferior: Toward the bottom of the bodyDorsal: Along, or toward, the vertebral surface of the bodyVentral: Along, or toward, the belly surface of the bodyCaudad (Caudal): Toward the tailCephalad: Toward the headProximal: nearer the trunkDistal: farther from the trunk


Abbreviations

A = alveolara = arterialATPD = ambient temperature and pressure, dryATPS = ambient temperature and pressure, saturatedBTPD = body temperature and pressure, dryBTPS = body temperature and pressure, saturatedERV = expiratory reserve volumeE = exhaled gasf = frequency pH = hydrogen ion concentrationP = gas pressure


Abbreviations

BID = 2 times a dayTID = 3 times a dayQID = 4 times a dayQh = every hourVT = tidal volumeSTAT = immediatelyWBC = white blood countRBC = red blood countC¯ = withs¯ = withoutD/C = discontinue or discharge


BCLC p. 188 (Table 11-1).BCLC p. 188 (Table 11-1).

Patient Relationships Patient Relationships

"The Nuremberg Declaration""The Nuremberg Declaration" Patient has rights to have informed Patient has rights to have informed

consentconsent Reasons for therapyReasons for therapy Consequences of refusing therapyConsequences of refusing therapy

If therapy is administered and patient If therapy is administered and patient has refused, may be liable for assaulthas refused, may be liable for assault


Improved communications help prevent Improved communications help prevent problemsproblems

Respect patientRespect patient Explain in layman's languageExplain in layman's language Show kindness to patient & visitors - privacyShow kindness to patient & visitors - privacy

Improved recordsImproved records Clarify orders when necessaryClarify orders when necessary Accurately chartAccurately chart

No white outNo white out One line through error, initialOne line through error, initial If it isn’t charted it isn’t doneIf it isn’t charted it isn’t done

Neat/legible so it can be readNeat/legible so it can be read


InsuranceInsurance Covered by schoolCovered by school Covered by hospitalCovered by hospital

ConfidentialityConfidentiality

No information about patient to No information about patient to anyone other than patient (or to anyone other than patient (or to parent regarding minor patient).parent regarding minor patient).

Avoid discussions in cafeteria, Avoid discussions in cafeteria, elevator, hall, public areas, or elevator, hall, public areas, or patients’ rooms, etc.patients’ rooms, etc.

In case studies, we don't use In case studies, we don't use patient name, instead use initials, patient name, instead use initials, age, description, etcage, description, etc

Hospital RelationshipsHospital Relationships

All members of a teamAll members of a team Work within chains of commandWork within chains of command Avoid discussions of other Avoid discussions of other personnelpersonnel Do not say anything to anyone that Do not say anything to anyone that

you do not want repeated. you do not want repeated. Discuss appropriate information on Discuss appropriate information on

what to talk aboutwhat to talk about

Metric SystemMetric System

Basic Rules for English MeasuresBasic Rules for English Measures LinearLinear

12 inches = 1 foot12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard3 feet = 1 yard

WeightWeight 16 ounces = 1 pound16 ounces = 1 pound

VolumeVolume 32 fluid ounces = 1 quart32 fluid ounces = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon4 quarts = 1 gallon

Metric SystemMetric System

Prefixes for the Metric System Prefixes for the Metric System Kilo - 1000 * or 1.0 * 10Kilo - 1000 * or 1.0 * 1033(k)(k) Hecto - 100 * or 1.0 * 10Hecto - 100 * or 1.0 * 1022(h)(h) Deka - 10 * or 1.0 * 10Deka - 10 * or 1.0 * 1011 (da) (da) Deci - 0.1 * or 1.0 * 10 Deci - 0.1 * or 1.0 * 10 -1-1 (d) (d) Centi - 0.01 * or 1.0 * 10 Centi - 0.01 * or 1.0 * 10 -2-2 (c) (c) Milli – 0.001, or 1.0 * 10 Milli – 0.001, or 1.0 * 10 -3-3 (m) (m) Micro – 0.000001 or 1.0 * 10 Micro – 0.000001 or 1.0 * 10 –6–6 (μ) (μ)

Metric Volumes

Prefix Meaning Symbol

deci- 0.1 (1/10) d centi- 0.01 (1/100) c milli- 0.001 (1/1000) m

A deciliter (dL) is 0.1 liter A centiliter (cL) is 0.01 liter. A milliliter (mL) is 0.001 liter.

Metric Length Prefix Meaning Symbol

deci- 0.1 (1/10) d centi- 0.01 (1/100) c milli- 0.001 (1/1000) m micro- 0.000001 (1/1,000,000) mcg/ug

A decimeter (dm) is 0.1 meters. A centimeter (cm) is 0.01 meters. A millimeter (mm) is 0.001 meters.

Metric Volumes Prefix Meaning Symbol

Kilo- 1000 k Hecto- 100 h Deka- 10 da

A kiloliter (kL) is 1000 liter. A hectoliter (hL) is 100 liter. A dekaliter (daL) is 10 liter. Each unit is 10 times the next smaller unit.

Metric Weights


Deci- 0.1 (1/10) d Centi- 0.01 (1/100) c Milli- 0.001 (1/1000) m Micro- 0.000001 (1/1,000,000) mc

A decigram (dg) is 0.1 gram. A centigram (cg) is 0.01 gram. A milligram (mg) is 0.001 gram. A microgram (mcg/ug) is 0.000001 gram.

Lesson: Measurement, Terminology, and Ethics

Metric Weights


Kilo- 1000 k Hecto- 100 h

Deka- 10 da

A kiligram (kg) is 1000 gram. A hectogram (hg) is 100 gram. A dekagram (dag) is 10 gram. Each unit is 10 times the next smaller unit.

Lesson: Measurement, Terminology, and Ethics

Metric Length


Kilo- 1000 k Hecto- 100 h Deka- 10 da

A kilometer (km) is 1000 meters. A hectometer 9hm) is 100 meters. A dekameter (dam) is 10 meters. Each unit is 10 times the next smaller unit.

KILO

HECTO

DEKA

METER LITER GRAM

DECI

CENTI

MILLI

MICRO

NANO

1,000

100

10

1

.10

.01

.001

.000,001

.000,000,001

Kids Have Dropped Over Dead Converting Metrics

Kangaroos Hop Down Under Dirty Coal Mines

Conversion from Metric to EnglishConversion from Metric to English Linear - 1 inch = 2.54 cmLinear - 1 inch = 2.54 cm Volume - 1 gallon = 3.8 LVolume - 1 gallon = 3.8 L Weight - 1 kilo = 2.2 lbWeight - 1 kilo = 2.2 lb Temperature (normal oral 98.6° F or 37° C)Temperature (normal oral 98.6° F or 37° C)

F = (9/5 * C) + 32F = (9/5 * C) + 32 C = 5/9 * (F - 32)C = 5/9 * (F - 32) K = CK = C + 273+ 273

1 cm H2O =0.74 mm Hg1 cm H2O =0.74 mm Hg 1 mm Hg = 1.36 cm H2O1 mm Hg = 1.36 cm H2O

Conversions

1 cm H2O = 0.74 mm Hg 1 mm Hg = 1.36 cm H2O

Conversions

Linear - 1 inch = 2.54 cm

Volume - 1 gallon = 3.8 L

Weight - 1 kilo = 2.2 lb

Conversions

F. = [ (9/5) C.] + 32

C. = 5/9 (F. – 32)

K. = C. + 273

Temperature ConversionsTemperature Conversions

F = (C * 1.8) + 32F = (C * 1.8) + 32 C = (F -32) /1.8C = (F -32) /1.8 K = C + 273K = C + 273

Ethical and Legal Implications Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice of Practice

Private LawPrivate Law - deals with definition, - deals with definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights in regulation, and enforcement of rights in cases between citizen and citizen or cases between citizen and citizen or between citizen and organizations. There between citizen and organizations. There are two types of private law. They are torts are two types of private law. They are torts and contract law. (Talk only about torts).and contract law. (Talk only about torts).

TortTort - a legal wrong committed upon a - a legal wrong committed upon a person or property independent of contractperson or property independent of contract


Intentional tort – Intentional tort – AssaultAssault - willful attempt or threat to - willful attempt or threat to

inflict injury on another.inflict injury on another. BatteryBattery - intentional touching of another - intentional touching of another

person without consentperson without consent LibelLibel - false or malicious writing that is - false or malicious writing that is

intended to defame or dishonor anotherintended to defame or dishonor another SlanderSlander - spoken form of defamation - spoken form of defamation


Negligent tort Negligent tort – Malpractice - – Malpractice - carelessness or failure to act with carelessness or failure to act with due care on the part of the due care on the part of the professionalprofessional

MalfeasanceMalfeasance-execution of an unlawful -execution of an unlawful or improper actor improper act

NegligenceNegligence-reckless disregard for the -reckless disregard for the safety of anothersafety of another

Basic Principles of Health Care Basic Principles of Health Care Ethics Ethics

Reciprocal patient rightsReciprocal patient rights Autonomous choiceAutonomous choice Not to be harmedNot to be harmed Fair and equitable treatmentFair and equitable treatment AutonomyAutonomy-patient personal liberty and their right -patient personal liberty and their right

to decide their own course of treatment –to decide their own course of treatment –Informed consent: educate the patient so that Informed consent: educate the patient so that they are able to make their own course of they are able to make their own course of treatmenttreatment

VeracityVeracity-binds healthcare workers to tell the truth-binds healthcare workers to tell the truth

Basic Principles of Health Care Basic Principles of Health Care Ethics Ethics

Reciprocal patient rights (cont)Reciprocal patient rights (cont) Benevolent deceptionBenevolent deception-truth is withheld from -truth is withheld from

the patient for their own goodthe patient for their own good Non-malfeasanceNon-malfeasance: obligates healthcare : obligates healthcare

worker to avoid harming patient and try to worker to avoid harming patient and try to prevent harm where possibleprevent harm where possible

BeneficenceBeneficence-healthcare workers go beyond -healthcare workers go beyond doing no harm and actively contribute to the doing no harm and actively contribute to the health and well being of their patientshealth and well being of their patients

ConfidentialityConfidentiality-don’t talk about the patient in -don’t talk about the patient in areas where others can hear. Use the report areas where others can hear. Use the report room to discuss patient information.room to discuss patient information.

ChartingCharting

POMR-Problem Oriented Medical POMR-Problem Oriented Medical RecordRecord

Has 4 basic partsHas 4 basic parts DatabaseDatabase

Contains information of a routine natureContains information of a routine nature General health historyGeneral health history Physical exam resultsPhysical exam results Results of diagnostic testsResults of diagnostic tests

Problem List: Something that interferes Problem List: Something that interferes with a patient’s physical or psychological with a patient’s physical or psychological health or ability to functionhealth or ability to function

ChartingCharting

Has 4 basic parts (cont)Has 4 basic parts (cont) Plan - Course of action to correct problems Plan - Course of action to correct problems

from listfrom list Progress notesProgress notes

Contains findings (subjective and objective), Contains findings (subjective and objective), assessment plans, and plans for ordersassessment plans, and plans for orders

ChartingCharting

Format used is SOAPFormat used is SOAP SSubjective-information obtained from the ubjective-information obtained from the

patient, relatives, or similar sourcepatient, relatives, or similar source OObjective-information based on caregivers bjective-information based on caregivers

observations of the patient, physical exam, or observations of the patient, physical exam, or diagnostic or laboratory tests diagnostic or laboratory tests

AAssessment-refers to the analysis of the ssessment-refers to the analysis of the patient’s problempatient’s problem

PPlan-plan of action to be taken to resolve the lan-plan of action to be taken to resolve the problemproblem

ChartingCharting

Components of a chartComponents of a chart Admission RecordAdmission Record

States time and date the patient was admitted to the States time and date the patient was admitted to the facilityfacility

Patient birthday, address, SSN, telephone number, Patient birthday, address, SSN, telephone number, next of kin, insurance informationnext of kin, insurance information

Physician OrdersPhysician Orders: All orders must contain the : All orders must contain the date, time, and physician signaturesdate, time, and physician signatures

Progress notesProgress notes: Every time the patient is : Every time the patient is visited by the doctor, the patient’s progress is visited by the doctor, the patient’s progress is recordedrecorded

ChartingCharting

Components of a chart (cont)Components of a chart (cont) History and Physical ExaminationHistory and Physical Examination

The patient history is obtained from the The patient history is obtained from the patient or relatives upon admissionpatient or relatives upon admission

The initial physical is performed by the The initial physical is performed by the attending physician: it is a head to toe attending physician: it is a head to toe assessment of the major organ systemsassessment of the major organ systems

Nursing Data: Includes nursing notes and Nursing Data: Includes nursing notes and nursing assessment recordsnursing assessment records

ChartingCharting

Graphic RecordGraphic Record: Contains pulse, : Contains pulse, temperature, respirations, blood temperature, respirations, blood pressure, urine output, oral intake, pressure, urine output, oral intake, daily weightsdaily weights

Laboratory ReportsLaboratory Reports: CBC, ABG, etc.: CBC, ABG, etc. RadiologyRadiology: x-rays, CT scans, MRI, PET, : x-rays, CT scans, MRI, PET,

and ultrasoundand ultrasound Operative DataOperative Data: Includes operative : Includes operative

consents, operation reports, and consents, operation reports, and anesthesia and post anesthesia recordsanesthesia and post anesthesia records

ChartingCharting

Medication Administration Record: Provides a Medication Administration Record: Provides a chronology of the medication given to the chronology of the medication given to the patient, quantity, dosage, route, and date & patient, quantity, dosage, route, and date & time of administrationtime of administration

Ancillary Services: Reserved for RT, OT, PT, STAncillary Services: Reserved for RT, OT, PT, ST Discharge PlanDischarge Plan

Denotes patient condition and date and time of Denotes patient condition and date and time of dischargedischarge

Any prescribed medication(s) and patient Any prescribed medication(s) and patient teaching for medication administration are teaching for medication administration are documented heredocumented here

Preparing for the Patient Preparing for the Patient EncounterEncounter

Role of the RT in Patient Role of the RT in Patient AssessmentAssessment

Assist physician in determining initial Assist physician in determining initial diagnosisdiagnosis

Assess patient’s response to therapyAssess patient’s response to therapy


Stages of Patient Clinical InteractionStages of Patient Clinical Interaction Preinteraction StagePreinteraction Stage

Review patient’s chart to identify Review patient’s chart to identify important facts stated in medical historyimportant facts stated in medical history

Introductory StageIntroductory Stage Introduce yourself to the patient stating Introduce yourself to the patient stating

your name, department, and purpose of your name, department, and purpose of the visitthe visit

Confirm patient identity using his/her wrist Confirm patient identity using his/her wrist ID braceletID bracelet


Stages of Patient Clinical Interaction (cont)Stages of Patient Clinical Interaction (cont) Initial Assessment StageInitial Assessment Stage

This stage is done to identify the current health This stage is done to identify the current health status of the patient. A brief interview and physical status of the patient. A brief interview and physical examination are appropriateexamination are appropriate

Don’t assume the patient’s condition has changed Don’t assume the patient’s condition has changed since the initial workup by the physician at admissionsince the initial workup by the physician at admission

Treatment and Monitoring StageTreatment and Monitoring Stage Provide treatment and monitor patient’s responseProvide treatment and monitor patient’s response

Follow-up StageFollow-up Stage Take a minute to ask the patient about how s/he feels Take a minute to ask the patient about how s/he feels

and if you can do anything else before you leaveand if you can do anything else before you leave Also let the patient know when you will returnAlso let the patient know when you will return


Communicating the Assessment FindingsCommunicating the Assessment Findings Record details of the patient encounter in the Record details of the patient encounter in the

chartchart If the patient had complications to the If the patient had complications to the

treatment, verbally communicate this to the treatment, verbally communicate this to the patient’s nurse and physician if the patient’s nurse and physician if the complications are seriouscomplications are serious

When the patient’s condition takes a turn for When the patient’s condition takes a turn for the worse, you should stay with the patient the worse, you should stay with the patient until help arrivesuntil help arrives


Use of SpaceUse of Space Social space (4-12 ft)Social space (4-12 ft)

initial introductioninitial introduction First step in establishing rapportFirst step in establishing rapport

Personal space (18in -4ft)Personal space (18in -4ft) Intimate Space (0-18in)Intimate Space (0-18in)


TerritorialityTerritoriality Patients often lay claim to items in their room Patients often lay claim to items in their room

that are placed bedside even though the items that are placed bedside even though the items belong to the hospital. For this reason never belong to the hospital. For this reason never take a bedside item from Patient A and give to take a bedside item from Patient A and give to Patient B without obtaining Patient A’s Patient B without obtaining Patient A’s permissionpermission

Respecting the territorial rights of patients is Respecting the territorial rights of patients is an excellent way to let patients know you an excellent way to let patients know you value them and that you are considerate of value them and that you are considerate of their needstheir needs


Confidentiality Confidentiality All patient records are confidential. What All patient records are confidential. What

you read in the chart and what you you read in the chart and what you discuss with the patient must be shared discuss with the patient must be shared only with other healthcare workers who only with other healthcare workers who need to know the information to perform need to know the information to perform their job appropriatelytheir job appropriately

Discuss patients in areas outside private Discuss patients in areas outside private reports rooms must not be donereports rooms must not be done


Express Genuine ConcernExpress Genuine Concern Face the patient squarelyFace the patient squarely Use eye contact appropriatelyUse eye contact appropriately Maintain an open postureMaintain an open posture Consider appropriate use of touchConsider appropriate use of touch Be an active listenerBe an active listener

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions

The InterviewThe Interview

Principles of CommunicationPrinciples of Communication Each patient has a unique background that Each patient has a unique background that

includes level of education, cultural heritage, includes level of education, cultural heritage, religious beliefs, previous experiences, and religious beliefs, previous experiences, and self concept. All these factors play a key role self concept. All these factors play a key role in determining the patient’s response to you in determining the patient’s response to you and your questions during the interviewand your questions during the interview

Verbal and nonverbal messages make up Verbal and nonverbal messages make up each intervieweach interview

Nonverbal messages can say more than Nonverbal messages can say more than actual wordsactual words

Excellent skills at listening are essential for Excellent skills at listening are essential for the interview the interview


Structuring the InterviewStructuring the Interview Project a sense of undivided interest in Project a sense of undivided interest in

the patient during the interviewthe patient during the interview Introduce yourself in a professional Introduce yourself in a professional

manner to begin the interviewmanner to begin the interview Be professional in your appearance and Be professional in your appearance and

mannerisms during the interviewmannerisms during the interview Interview using a relaxed conversational Interview using a relaxed conversational

style that communicates empathystyle that communicates empathy


Questions and Statements Used to Questions and Statements Used to Facilitate Conversational InterviewingFacilitate Conversational Interviewing

Open ended questions encourage patients to Open ended questions encourage patients to describe events as they see them and promote describe events as they see them and promote better understanding of their problem (e.g., better understanding of their problem (e.g., How have you been feeling lately?)How have you been feeling lately?)

Direct questions are better for the brief Direct questions are better for the brief interview such as when following up on the interview such as when following up on the effects of therapy (e.g., Did the oxygen help?)effects of therapy (e.g., Did the oxygen help?)

Indirect questions are used to clarify issues Indirect questions are used to clarify issues (e.g., Are you saying you can breathe better (e.g., Are you saying you can breathe better now that you are not taking the heart now that you are not taking the heart medication?)medication?)


Questions and Statements Used to Questions and Statements Used to Facilitate Conversational Interviewing Facilitate Conversational Interviewing (cont)(cont)

Neutral questions and phrases avoid leading Neutral questions and phrases avoid leading the patient toward a desired answerthe patient toward a desired answer

Reflecting phrases show interest and let the Reflecting phrases show interest and let the patient know you are listeningpatient know you are listening

Communicating empathy during the Communicating empathy during the interview provides more information to interview provides more information to patients, suggesting you care about them.patients, suggesting you care about them.


Alternate Sources for a patient Alternate Sources for a patient HistoryHistory

Family members present during the Family members present during the interview can be helpful in providing interview can be helpful in providing information that the patient does not information that the patient does not know or rememberknow or remember

welcome to rt 210: introduction to applied respiratory therapeutics instructor: ms. k. walker, bs,...

Documents

abdomenaden o

tracheaabdomin o

airpleur o

bloodcost o

ribscyt o

skinpneum o

heartderm o

formvas o