welcome to the mysterious world of jupiter

8/7/2019 WELCOME TO THE MYSTERIOUS WORLD OF JUPITER

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WELCOME TO THEMYSTERIOUS WORLD OF

JUPITER


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Naming Jupiter

Namedafterromanfatherofthe gods who wasthe godoffun, italsorepresentedtin, green,triangle, 8,and Thursday(French=jeudi). Englishnameafterthor godofthunder, Greekname Zeus was Greek godofthunder.Chinesecalled ittheyearstar - astheircalendarcycle (whichoriginated inIndia) was basedona Jupiteryearofapproximately12 years,alsorepresented

theelement wood,thedirectionofeast.


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Symbol of Jupiter


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Meaning f the sy l f

J iter The Jupitersymbol iscomprisedof severalelements. Thecrescent withahorizontalline (lookslikean Arabic "2") alsoknownasthe Greekletter zeta. Thiscomponentsuggests evolutionarydevelopment(maturity,andknowledge gainedthroughatimeofgrowth). Thesecondcomponent is thecross, which issymbolising the ameeting ofideas - acrossroads

coming togethertouniteandcombinetwopathsofphilosophy. Thisplaysnicelyin Jupiter'ssymbolismofbeing afeatureofbalance.

The Jupitersymbolmeanings includeattributessuchas: Expansion Goodluck

Protection Wealth Abundance Higher Education Optimism

Experience/Authority Generosity Supremacy Justice Balance


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History of jupiter

The Italianscientist, GalileoThe Italianscientist, Galileo GalileiGalilei waswasthefirstastronomertoview Jupiterthefirstastronomertoview Jupiterthroughatelescope. Whileviewingthroughatelescope. WhileviewingJupiter,heobservedfoursatellitesJupiter,heobservedfoursatellitesorbiting theplanet, whichlentcredenceorbiting theplanet, whichlentcredence

tothe Copernicantheorythatthe Earthtothe Copernicantheorythatthe EarthandotherplanetsrevolvearoundtheandotherplanetsrevolvearoundtheSun. Previously,manypeopleheldtoSun. Previously,manypeopleheldtothe belief,developed by2ndcenturythe belief,developed by2ndcenturyastronomer, Ptolemy,thateverythingastronomer, Ptolemy,thateverythingrevolvedaroundthe Earth. Galileo'srevolvedaroundthe Earth. Galileo's

discoverywasamajorstepforwardfordiscoverywasamajorstepforwardforastronomy. Jupiter'ssatellitesaremostlyastronomy. Jupiter'ssatellitesaremostlynamedforhismythologicallovers.namedforhismythologicallovers.


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Structure of Jupiter

Jupiter iscomposedprimarilyofgaseousandliquidmatter. It isthelargestoffour gasgiants as wellasthelargest planet inthe solarsystem withadiameterof142,984 kmatits equator. ThedensityofJupiter, 1.326 g/cm, isthesecondhighestofthe gas giantplanets. However,thedensityislowerthananyofthefour terrestrialplanets.


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Composition

Since Jupiter isa gasplanet,there isnosolidsurface. Thismeansthat ifonesteppedontotheplanet,he wouldsink into itandeventuallygetcrushed bythemassive increaseinpressure (the gaseouscompounds getdenser withdepth) or bevaporized bythehottemperaturesnearthecentre. Thus, what wesee when weobservethesurfaceofJupiteristheatmosphere thatextendsdeep intotheplanet.

Jupiter iscomprisedof90%hydrogenand 10%helium (a 75/25%massratio) andcontainssmallamountsofmethane, waterandammonia. According toscientists,thischemicalcompositionmatchescloselytothesolar nebula thatformedoursolarsystemintheearlystagesofdevelopment. Saturn, Uranus and Neptunealsohaveasimilarchemicalmakeup, but UranusandNeptunehavelesshydrogenandhelium.


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OnthesurfaceofJupiter,thelayerofgasconsistsmainlyofgaseoushydrogenandhelium. As we godeeper intotheplanet,thetremendouspressurecausesthe gassestocompress intoliquid. Inaddition,scientists believethattherearethreedistinctlayersofclouds in Jupiter. Consisting mainlyofammonia ice,ammoniumhydrosulphideand

combinationofwaterand ice . This was unconfirmed, even after the Galileo spacecraft flew past the planet. The initial

data from the probe did not show strong evidence of the three layers, but rather, only very

faint signs of clouds. However, Galileo's unusual observation viewpoint may account for

the unexpected results since it may have observed Jupiter in an area where there are

fewest clouds.

In addition to the observation of clouds, Galileo also recorded data on Jupiter's chemical

composition. It was surprising to many to find that the planet contains very little water

since scientists had expected that Jupiter would be abundant in oxygen that would react

to form massive quantities of water. Another finding was Jupiter's high temperature and

higher than expected density in the outermost areas of the atmosphere.


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Mass

Jupiterhasatotalmassof1.9x 1027 kg. I know,thats incrediblylargenumber,solets giveyousomecontext. Youcouldhavealmost 318 earthstoequalthemassofJupiter. Infact, Jupiter is 2.5 timesmoremassivethanalltheother planets inthe Solar Systemcombined. thissomassivethatits barycentre withthe Sun liesabovethe Sun'ssurface at 1.068 solarradii fromthe Sun'scentre.Astronomersthinkthat Jupiter isaboutaslargeas itcan be with itscurrentmass. Ifgotanymore

massive,theadditionalmaterial wouldpull inward withmore gravity,andactuallymaketheplanetcontract. Youcould get 4 timesasmuchmass,as Jupitercurrentlyhas,andstill beroughlythesamesize.Eventhough Jupiter isverymassive, ithasalow densitybecause itsprimarilymadeofhydrogen,thelightest element inthe Universe. While Earthhasadensityof5.52 gramspercubiccentimetre,Jupitersdensityisonly1.33 g/cm3.


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Interior

Tounderstandthe interiorofJupiter iscurrentlyveryhardtodetermineand isveryindirect. This is duetothefactthatatmosphericspaceprobescanonlygoadepthof150km below thesurface. Jupiterprobablyhasarockycoredeep intheplanetamounting toaround 10to 15 Earth -masses. Thiscore issurrounded byalarge quantityofhydrogen.However,unlikeonthesurface,thishydrogen isliquid,not gas. This is becauseat greatdepths

in

the

planet

where

pressure

exceeds

4m

ill

ion

bars,

hydro

gen

atoms

ion

ize,

resulting inelementsconsisting onlyofprotons. Thisprocessconvertshydrogen intoametallicstateand isthenabletoconductelectricityandproduce magneticfields. ThusJupiterhasoneofthelargestmagnetospheres inthesolarsystem,extending beyondthescopeofJupiterand intootherplanets.


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Mantle

Pressurized hydrogen in the mantle may generate electric currents which generate

Jupiter's powerful magnetic field. The outer mantle is liquid hydrogen; the inner mantle is

liquid metallic hydrogen. The layers of extraordinarily-compressed hydrogen are in a state

so extreme that it has never been produced on Earth. The pressure is so great that the

hydrogen molecules inside Jupiter conduct heat and electricity very well, in a metal-like

fashion (they do not do this under Earth-like condition). Inside Jupiter, electrons from

hydrogen molecules move freely from molecule to molecule (like the electrons of a metal);

this is what allows the electrical and heat conductivity.


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Core

Atthecentreoftheplanet isamoltenrockcore which ismanytimes biggerandmoremassivethantheentireEarth. It is 20,000 C,aboutthreetimeshotterthanthe

Earth'score.


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Atmosp ere

Jupiterhasthelargestplanetaryatmosphere inthe Solar System,spanning over 5000 kminaltitude. As Jupiterhasnosurface,the baseofitsatmosphere isusuallyconsideredtobethepointat whichatmosphericpressure isequalto 10 bars,ortentimessurfacepressureon Earth.When welookat Jupiter, whether it bethroughatelescope,orfromspacecraft images.showsnotthesurfaceoftheplanet, buttheatmosphere. Theatmosphereappearsasalternating bandsoflightregions,called zones,anddarkregionscalled belts,thatrunparalleltotheequator. The zonesarehigher inaltitudethanthe belts,andarecorrespondinglylower intemperature. It is believedthatthe beltsrepresentdescendingareasoflow pressure. Jupiterradiatesheatenergyouttospace bywayofconvection. Thezonescarryenergytothesurfaceandthencool,andsinkagain.


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Jupiter isperpetuallycovered withcloudscomposedofammoniacrystalsandpossiblyammonium

hydrosulphide. Thecloudsarelocated inthe tropopause andarearranged into bandsofdifferent latitudes,knownastropicalregions. Thesearesub-divided intolighter-huedzones anddarker belts. The interactionsoftheseconflicting circulation patternscausestormsand turbulence. Windspeeds of100 m/s (360 km/h)arecommon in zonal jets.The zoneshave beenobservedtovaryin width,colourand intensityfrom

yeartoyear, buttheyhaveremainedsufficientlystableforastronomersto givethem identifying designations.


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Planetary Rings

Jupiterhasafaint planetaryring systemcomposedofthreemainsegments:aninner torus ofparticlesknownasthehalo,arelativelybrightmainring,andanoutergossamerring.[Theseringsappearto bemadeofdust,ratherthan iceas with Saturn'srings. Themainring isprobablymadeofmaterialejectedfromthesatellites Adrastea and Metis. Materialthat wouldnormallyfall backtothemoon ispulled into Jupiter becauseofitsstrong gravitational influence. Theorbitofthematerialveerstowards Jupiterandnew material isadded byadditional impacts.n asimilar way,themoons Thebeand Amaltheaprobably producethetwodistinctcomponentsofthedustygossamerring.There isalsoevidenceofarockyring strung along Amalthea'sorbitwhichmayconsistofcollisionaldebrisfromthatmoon.


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Magnetosp ere

The magnetosphereofJupiter isthecavitycreated inthe solar wind bytheplanet's magneticfield. Extending uptosevenmillionkilometers inthe Sun'sdirectionandalmosttotheorbitofSaturn intheoppositedirection, Jupiter'smagnetosphere isthelargestandmostpowerfulofanyplanetarymagnetosphere inthe Solar System,andbyvolumethelargestknowncontinuousstructure inthe Solar Systemafterthe heliosphere. Widerandflatterthanthe Earth'smagnetosphere, Jupiter's isstrongerbyan orderofmagnitude, while its magneticmoment isroughly18,000timeslarger. TheexistenceofJupiter'smagneticfield wasfirst inferredfromobservationsofradioemissionsattheendofthe 1950sand wasdirectlyobserved bythe Pioneer 10 spacecraftin1973.


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Orbit and Rotation

Theonlyplanet whosecenter ofmass inrelationtothe Sunliesoutsidethevolumeofthe Sun is Jupiter. Themeandistancefromthe Sunto Jupiter is 778,000,000 kilometers.Ittakes Jupiter 11.86 yearstoorbitaroundthe Sun,soatypicalyearon Jupiter is 11.86Earthyears. Thisformsa 5:2 orbitalresonance with Saturn because it is 2/5 theorbitalperiodoftheplanet. Jupitersellipticalorbit is inclined 1.31 degrees TheellipticalorbitofJupiter is inclined 1.31 comparedto Earth. Jupiterseccentricityis0.048.

Becauseofthisthedistance between Jupiterandthe Sundiffers byaround 75,000,000km between itsperihelionandaphelion. Theperihelion isthenearestpointandtheaphelion isthefarthestpointoftheplanet whenontheorbitalpath.Jupitersaxialtilt issmallcomparedto itssize. It isonly3.13 degrees. This isthereasonwhyJupiterhaslittleseasonalchanges whencomparedtothatofMarsand Earth. Jupiterhasthefastestrotation inalloftheplanetsofthe Solar System.

Itrotateson itsaxisatlessthantenhours,soa basicdayon Jupiter islessthan 10 Earthdays. This isthereasonfortheequatorial bulgethatcan beseenfromtheearththroughtelescope. TherotationofJupiterrequirescentripetalacceleration. Jupiter isnotacompletelysolid bodyand becauseofthistheupperatmospheredoes itsowndifferentialrotation. Itsrotation isfiveminuteslongerthan itsequatorialatmosphere.


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Life

Amazing as itmayseemscientistshavespeculatedthatlifeon Jupiter ispossible.

This wouldoccur beneaththecloudcover whereroomtemperatureconditionsexist,theselifeforms would

beairbornealthoughthistheoryisthoughtto behighlyspeculative.


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Exploration In Jupiter

The explorationofJupiter hastodate beenconductedviacloseobservationsby automatedspacecraft. It began witht hearrivalofPioneer 10intothe Joviansystem in1973,and,asof2008,hascontinued withsevenfurtherspacecraftmissions. Allofthesemissions wereundertaken byNASA,andallsaveonehave been flybys thattakedetailedobservations withoutthe probe landing orentering orbit. Theseprobesmake Jupiter themostvisitedofthe Solar System's outerplanets. Plansformoremissionstothe Joviansystemareunderdevelopment,noneofwhicharescheduledtoarriveattheplanetbefore 2016. Sending acraftto Jupiterentailsmanytechnicaldifficulties,especiallyduetotheprobes'largefuelrequirementsandtheeffectsoftheplanet'sharshradiationenvironment.


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PioneerProgram (1973-1974)

Pioneer10 wasthefirstspacecrafttovisit Jupiter.

Thefirstspacecrafttoexplore Jupiter was Pioneer10, whichf lew pasttheplanet inDecember 1973,followed byPioneer11 thirteenmonthslater. Pioneer10 obtainedthefirst-everclose-up imagesofJupiterand its Galileanmoons;thespacecraftstudiedtheplanet'satmosphere,detected itsmagneticfield,observed itsradiation beltsand

determinedthat Jupiter ismainlyfluid.P

ioneer11 made itsclosestapproach, withinsome 34,000 kmofJupiter'scloudtops,on December 4, 1974. Itobtaineddramaticimagesofthe Great Red Spot,madethefirstobservationofJupiter's immensepolarregions,anddeterminedthemassofJupiter'smoon Callisto. The information gatheredbythesetwospacecrafthelpedastronomersandengineers improvethedesignoffutureprobestocopemoreeffectivelywiththeenvironmentaroundthe giantplanet.


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VoyagerProgram(1979)

Voyager1 beganphotographing Jupiter in January1979andmade itsclosestapproachonMarch 5, 1979,atadistanceof349,000 kmfrom Jupiter'scenter.Thiscloseapproachallowedfor greater imageresolution,thoughtheflyby'sshortdurationmeantthatmostobservationsofJupiter's moons,rings,magneticfield,andradiationenvironment weremade inthe 48-hourperiod bracketing theapproach,eventhough Voyager1 continuedphotographing theplanetuntil April.


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Ulysses(1992)

On February8, 1992,theUlysses solarprobef lew past Jupiter'snorthpoleatadistanceof451,000 km. This swing-bymaneuver wasrequiredforUlysses toattainaveryhigh-inclinationorbitaroundthe Sun, increasing its inclinationtothe ecliptic to 80.2degrees.The giantplanet's gravitybentthespacecraft'sf lightpath downwardandawayfromtheeclipticplane,placing it intoafinalorbitaroundthe Sun'snorthandsouthpoles.


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Cassini(2000)

In 2000,the Cassini probe, en route to Saturn,flew byJupiterandprovidedsomeofthehighest-resolution imagesevertakenoftheplanet. Itmade itsclosestapproachonDecember 30, 2000,andmademanyscientificmeasurements. About 26,000 imagesofJupiter weretakenduring themonths-long f lyby. Itproducedthemostdetailed globalcolor portraitofJupiteryet, in whichthesmallestvisiblefeaturesareapproximately60 km (40 miles) across.


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New Horizons

TheNew Horizons probe,enrouteto Pluto,f lew byJupiterfora gravityassistand wasthefirstprobelauncheddirectlytowards Jupitersincethe Ulysses in 1990. Its LongRange Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) took itsfirstphotographsofJupiteronSeptember 4, 2006.Thespacecraft beganfurtherstudyofthe Joviansystem in December2006,andmade itsclosestapproachon February28, 2007.


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Galileo Orbital Mission

Sofar,theonlyspacecrafttoorbit Jupiter istheGalileo orbiter, which went intoorbitaround Jupiteron December 7, 1995. Itorbitedtheplanetforoversevenyears,making 35orbits before it wasdestroyedduring acontrolled impact with Jupiteron September 21,2003.During thisperiod it gatheredalargeamountofinformationaboutthe Joviansystem,althoughtheamountofinformation wasnotas greatas intended becausethedeploymentofits high-gainradiotransmitting antenna failed.


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Moons

Thesearethefour Galileansatellites. Theyarenamedso becausetheyweretheonlyfourmoonsthat Galileo wasabletosee. TheyarealsothelargestofJupiter'smoons. Fromtop-left inaclock-wisedirection,they

are Ganymede, Callisto, Europa,and Io.


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Galileo Moons

The Galileanmoons arethefourmoonsofJupiterdiscovered byGalileo Galilei inJanuary1610. Theyarethelargestofthemany moonsofJupiter andderivetheirnamesfromtheloversofZeus: Io,Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Ganymede, Europaand Ioparticipate ina 1:2:4 orbita resonance. Theyareamong themostmassiveobjects inthe Solar System outsidethe Sun andtheeightplanets, witharadiuslargerthananyofthedwarfplanets.


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Discovery

Asaresultofimprovements Galileo Galileimade tothe telescope, withamagnifyingcapabilityof20, he wasabletoseecelestial bodiesmoredistinctlythan waseverpossible before. Thisallowed Galilei todiscoversometime between December 1609andJanuary1610 whatcameto beknownasthe Galileanmoons.Nevertheless,a Chinesehistorianofastronomy, Xi Zezong,claimedthatthe Chineseastronomer Gan DeobservedoneofJupiter'smoons in 362 BC,nearly2 millenniaearlierthan Galileo.


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Member

Simulationssuggesttheremayhave beenseveral generationsofGalileansatellites inJupiter'searlyhistory. Each generationofmoonstohaveformed wouldhavespiraled intoJupiterand beendestroyed,duetodrag from Jupiter's proto-lunardisk, withnew moonsforming fromtheremaining debris. Bythetimethepresent generationformed,thedebrishadthinnedouttothepointthat itnolonger greatlyinterfered withthemoons'orbits. Iois anhydrous andlikelyhasan interiorofrockandmetal. Europa isthoughttocontain 8%iceand water bymass withtheremainderrock.These moonsare, in increasing orderofdistancefrom Jupiter:


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Io Io isthe innermostofthefour Galilean moons ofJupiter and, witha diameter of

3,642 kilometres,the fourth-largestmoon inthe Solar System. It wasnamedafter Io,apriestessofHera who becameoneoftheloversofZeus. Nevertheless, it wassimplyreferredtoas Jupiter I,or ThefirstsatelliteofJupiter,untilmid-20thcentury.

Withover 400activevolcanoes, Io isthemost geologicallyactiveobject inthe SolarSystem. Itssurface isdotted withmorethan 100mountains,someofwhicharetallerthan Earth's Mount Everest. Unlikemostsatellites intheouter Solar System (whichhave

athickcoating ofice), Io isprimarilycomposedofsilicaterocksurrounding amoltenironor ironsulphidecore.


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Europa

Europa,thesecondofthefour Galileanmoons, isthesecondclosestto Jupiterandthesmallestat 3121.6 kilometers indiameter, which isslightlysmallerthan Earth's Moon.Thename, Europa wasafteramythical Phoenician noblewoman, Europa, who wascourted byZeus and becamethe queenofCrete, butdidnot become widelyuseduntilthemid-20thcentury.

It isoneofthesmoothestobjects inthesolarsystem,[ withalayerofwatersurroundingthemantleoftheplanet,thoughtto be 100kilometers thick.


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Ganymede

Ganymede,thethird Galileanmoon isnamedafterthemythological Ganymede,cupbearerofthe Greek gods and Zeus's beloved. Ganymede isthe largestnaturalsatellite inthe Solar System at 5262.4 kilometres indiameter, whichmakes itlargerthantheplanet Mercury- althoughonlyatabouthalfofitsmasssince Ganymede isan icyworld. It istheonlysatellite inthe Solar Systemknowntopossessmagnetosphere,likelycreatedthrough convection withintheliquid ironcore.


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Callisto

Callisto isthefourthandlast Galileanmoon,and isthesecondlargestofthefour,andat4820.6 kilometres indiameter, it is thethirdlargestmoon inthe Solar System. Callistowasadaughterofthe Arkadian King Lykaon andahunting companionofthe goddessArtemis. Itdoesnotformpartofthe orbitalresonance thataffectsthree inner Galileansatellitesandthusdoesnotexperienceappreciable tidalheating.Callisto iscomposedofapproximatelyequalamountsof rock and ices, whichmakes ittheleastdenseoftheGalileanmoons. It isoneofthemostheavilycrateredsatellites inthesolarsystem,andonemajorfeature isa basinaround 3000 km widecalled Valhalla.


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Sizes


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Interacti n ith the S lar

System Along withthe Sun,the gravitational influenceofJupiterhashelpedshapethe SolarSystem. Theorbitsofmostofthesystem'splanetsliecloserto Jupiter's orbitalplane thanthe Sun's equatorialplane (Mercuryistheonlyplanetthat isclosertotheSun'sequator inorbitaltilt),theKirkwood gaps inthe asteroid belt aremostlycaused byJupiter,andtheplanetmayhave beenresponsibleforthe Late HeavyBombardmentofthe inner Solar System'shistory.


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Impacts

Jupiterhas beencalledthe Solar System'svacuumcleaner, becauseofitsimmense gravitywell andlocationnearthe inner Solar System. Itreceivesthemostfrequentcomet impactsofthe Solar System'splanets.It wasthoughtthattheplanetservedtopartiallyshieldthe innersystemfromcometarybombardment. However,recentcomputersimulationssuggestthat Jupiterdoesnotcauseanetdecrease inthenumberofcometsthatpassthroughthe inner Solar System,as its gravityperturbstheirorbits inward inroughlythesamenumbersthat itaccretesorejectsthem.Thistopicremainscontroversialamong astronomers,assome believe itdrawscometstowardsEarthfromthe Kuiper belt whileothers believethat Jupiterprotects Earthfromthealleged Oort cloud


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Comet ShoemakerLevy-9

Comet Shoemaker-Levy9 (formallydesignatedD/1993 F2,nicknamed String ofPearls for itsappearance) wasa comet that brokeapartandcollided with Jupiter in July1994,providing thefirstdirectobservationofanextraterrestrial collisionof solarsystem objects. This generatedalargeamountofcoverage inthepopularmedia,andthecomet wascloselyobserved by astronomers worldwide. Thecollisionprovidednewinformationabout Jupiterandhighlighted itsrole inreducing spacedebris inthe inner

solarsystem.


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Facts about Jupiter

1. Jupiter ismassive

No, itsreallymassive. ThemassofJupiter is 318 timesthemassofthe Earth. Infact,Jupiterhas 2.5 timesthemassofalltheotherplanets inthe Solar Systemcombined. Butheresthefunnything

IfJupiter gotanymoremassive, it wouldactuallygetsmaller. Additionalmass wouldactuallymaketheplanetmoredense,andstartpulling it inon itself. Astronomersestimatethat Jupitercouldendup with 4 times itscurrentmass,andstillremainaboutthesamesize.2. Jupitercantever becomeastar

Astronomerscall Jupiterafailedstar, butthatsnotreallyappropriate. Itslikesaying

yourhouse isafailedskyscraper. Stars generatetheirenergythroughthefusionofmasstogether. Theirenormous gravitycreatesheatandpressure insidethestarsothatatomsofhydrogenarefusedtogethertocreatehelium releasing heat intheprocess. Jupiterwouldneedmorethan 70times itscurrentmassto ignitenuclearfusion. IfyoucouldcrashdozensofJupiters together,youmighthaveachancetomakeanew star.


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3. Jupiter isthefastestspinning planet inthe Solar System3. Jupiter isthefastestspinning planet inthe Solar System

Forall itssizeandmass, Jupitersuremoves quickly. Infact,theplanetonlytakesaboutForall itssizeandmass, Jupitersuremoves quickly. Infact,theplanetonlytakesabout

10hourstocompleteafullrotationon itsaxis. And because itsspinning sorapidly,the10hourstocompleteafullrotationon itsaxis. And because itsspinning sorapidly,theplanethasflattenedoutalittleand is bulging at itsequator. Infact,pointson Jupitersplanethasflattenedoutalittleand is bulging at itsequator. Infact,pointson Jupitersequatoraremorethan 4,600kmfurtherfromtheequatoraremorethan 4,600kmfurtherfromthecentercenter thanthepoles. Thisrapidthanthepoles. Thisrapidrotationalsohelps generate Jupiterspowerfulmagneticfields,andcontributetotherotationalsohelps generate Jupiterspowerfulmagneticfields,andcontributetothedangerousradiationsurrounding itdangerousradiationsurrounding it..

4. The Cloudson Jupiterareonly50kmthick4. The Cloudson Jupiterareonly50kmthick

Thatsright,allthose beautiful whirling cloudsandstormsyouseeon JupiterareonlyThatsright,allthose beautiful whirling cloudsandstormsyouseeon Jupiterareonlyabout 50kmthick. Theyremadeofammoniacrystals brokenup intotwodifferentabout 50kmthick. Theyremadeofammoniacrystals brokenup intotwodifferentclouddecks. Thedarkermaterial isthoughtto becompounds broughtupfromdeeperclouddecks. Thedarkermaterial isthoughtto becompounds broughtupfromdeeperinside Jupiter,andthenchangeinside Jupiter,andthenchangecolorcolor insunlight. But below thoseclouds, itsjustinsunlight. But below thoseclouds, itsjusthydrogenandhelium,allthe waydown.hydrogenandhelium,allthe waydown.5. The Great Red Spothas beenaroundforalong time5. The Great Red Spothas beenaroundforalong time

The Great Red Spoton Jupiter isoneofitsmostfamiliarfeatures. And itlooksliketheThe Great Red Spoton Jupiter isoneofitsmostfamiliarfeatures. And itlookslikethespothas beenaroundforalmost 350years. It wasfirst identified byGiovanni Cassini,spothas beenaroundforalmost 350years. It wasfirst identified byGiovanni Cassini,whomentioned it back in 1665. Acenturyago,the Great Red Spotmeasured 40,000kmwhomentioned it back in 1665. Acenturyago,the Great Red Spotmeasured 40,000kmacross, but itsshrinkingacross, but itsshrinking itscurrentlyhalfthatsize. Butastronomershaveno idea ifitscurrentlyhalfthatsize. Butastronomershaveno idea ifand when itlleverdisappearentirely.and when itlleverdisappearentirely.


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6. Jupiterhasrings6. Jupiterhasrings

Theringsaround Jupiter werethethirdsetofringsdiscovered inthe Solar System,after Saturn (ofTheringsaround Jupiter werethethirdsetofringsdiscovered inthe Solar System,after Saturn (ofcourse) and Uranus. Jupitersringsarefainterthan Saturns, buttheyprobablycomefrommaterialcourse) and Uranus. Jupitersringsarefainterthan Saturns, buttheyprobablycomefrommaterialejected byitsmoons whenejected byitsmoons whentheyretheyrestruck bymeteorite impactsstruck bymeteorite impacts..

7. Jupitersmagneticfield is 14 timesasstrong as Earth7. Jupitersmagneticfield is 14 timesasstrong as Earth

Compasses wouldreallyworkon Jupiter. Thats because ithasthestrongestmagneticfield intheCompasses wouldreallyworkon Jupiter. Thats because ithasthestrongestmagneticfield intheSolar System. Astronomersthinkthemagneticfield is generated bythemovementsofmetallicSolar System. Astronomersthinkthemagneticfield is generated bythemovementsofmetallichydrogendeep inside Jupiter. Thismagneticfieldtraps ionizedparticlesfromthesolar windandhydrogendeep inside Jupiter. Thismagneticfieldtraps ionizedparticlesfromthesolar windandacceleratesthemtonearlythespeedoflight. Theseparticlescreateadangerous beltofradiationacceleratesthemtonearlythespeedoflight. Theseparticlescreateadangerous beltofradiationaround Jupiterthatcancausedamagetospacecraft.around Jupiterthatcancausedamagetospacecraft.

8. Jupiterhas 63 moons8. Jupiterhas 63 moons

Atthetimethat Im writing this, Jupiterhasatotalof63 namedsatellites. AlmostallofthemareAtthetimethat Im writing this, Jupiterhasatotalof63 namedsatellites. Almostallofthemarelessthan 10lessthan 10kilometerskilometers indiameter,and wereonlydiscoveredafter 1975, whenthefirstspacecraftindiameter,and wereonlydiscoveredafter 1975, whenthefirstspacecraftarrivedat Jupiter. Oneofitsmoons, Ganymede, isthelargestsatellite inthe Solar System,arrivedat Jupiter. Oneofitsmoons, Ganymede, isthelargestsatellite inthe Solar System,measuring 5262 kmacrossmeasuring 5262 kmacross..

9. Jupiterhas beenvisited 7 times byspacecraftfrom Earth9. Jupiterhas beenvisited 7 times byspacecraftfrom Earth

Startcounting. Jupiter wasfirstvisited byNASAs Pioneer 10spacecraft in December 1973,andthenStartcounting. Jupiter wasfirstvisited byNASAs Pioneer 10spacecraft in December 1973,andthenPioneer 11 in December 1974. ThenVoyager 1 and 2 in 1979. This wasfollowed byalong breakuntilPioneer 11 in December 1974. ThenVoyager 1 and 2 in 1979. This wasfollowed byalong breakuntilUlyssesarrived in February1992. Then Cassini madeaflybyin 2000,on its wayto Saturn. AndUlyssesarrived in February1992. Then Cassini madeaflybyin 2000,on its wayto Saturn. Andfinally,NASAsNew Horizonsspacecraftmade itsflybyin 2007. Imsurethese wont bethelast.finally,NASAsNew Horizonsspacecraftmade itsflybyin 2007. Imsurethese wont bethelast.

i i hi i h


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10. Youcansee Jupiter withyourowneyes10. Youcansee Jupiter withyourowneyes

Jupiter isthethird brightestobject inthe Solar System,afterVenusandthe Moon.Jupiter isthethird brightestobject inthe Solar System,afterVenusandthe Moon.Chancesare,yousaw Jupiter inthesky,andhadno ideathats whatyou wereseeing.Chancesare,yousaw Jupiter inthesky,andhadno ideathats whatyou wereseeing.

Read Universe Today,and wellannounce whenthe besttimesforseeing Jupiterare. ButRead Universe Today,and wellannounce whenthe besttimesforseeing Jupiterare. Butifyouseeareallybrightstar,high inthesky,chancesareyoureseeing Jupiter. Getyourifyouseeareallybrightstar,high inthesky,chancesareyoureseeing Jupiter. Getyourhandsonapairofbinoculars,and ifyouknow someone withatelescope,thatsevenhandsonapairofbinoculars,and ifyouknow someone withatelescope,thatsevenbetter.better.

Wh fi di h l J i ?Wh fi di h l J i ?


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1. Whofirstdiscovertheplanet Jupiter?1. Whofirstdiscovertheplanet Jupiter?

2. What isthenaming ofJupiter?2. What isthenaming ofJupiter?

3. What is theanti3. What is theanti-- cyclonic zone inthe Jupiter?cyclonic zone inthe Jupiter?

4.What isthe gasthathasthehighestpercentage inthe Atmosphereof4.What isthe gasthathasthehighestpercentage inthe AtmosphereofJupiter?Jupiter?

5. What isthe5. What isthecavitycreated inthe solar wind bytheplanet's magneticfield?

II. Art.Draw thesymbolofJupiter(5 Points)

What isthecometthatcollided with Jupiter?


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III. Enumeration.III. Enumeration.

Whatarethespacecraftsorbitedandvisited Jupiter?Whatarethespacecraftsorbitedandvisited Jupiter?

Namethe Galileoorthefourlargest MoonsofJupiter?Namethe Galileoorthefourlargest MoonsofJupiter?

welcome to the mysterious world of jupiter

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